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Hierarchy theory
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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Biological_organisation/CgpMqgys">Biological organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Timothy_F._H._Allen/TXNeId6A">Timothy F. H. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Deep_history/0vrGnCtW">Deep history</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Big_History/HqHM4He8">Big History</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Deep_time/0Pxg29TF">Deep time</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Deep_ecology/EdxXPV9v">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Infrastructure-based_development/15FTklkW">Infrastructure-based development</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/World-systems_theory/b0BKN2E9">World-systems theory</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Structuralist_economics/SaUn2E3j">Structuralist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Dependency_theory/dF2uKya4">Dependency theory</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Brooks, Daniel Stephen (August 2014). <a href="http://d-nb.info/1082033960/34"><i>The concept of levels of organization in the biological sciences</i></a> (Ph.D. thesis). Bielefeld: <a href="/facts/Bielefeld_University/ujsQHhYm">Bielefeld University</a>. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/942715109">942715109</a>.</li> <li>Eronen, Markus I. (August 2014). <a href="https://philarchive.org/rec/EROLOO">"Levels of organization: a deflationary account"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Biology_and_Philosophy/VlTmBV2e">Biology and Philosophy</a></i>. 30 (1): 39–58. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10539-014-9461-z">10.1007/s10539-014-9461-z</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145635601">145635601</a>.</li> <li>Potochnik, Angela; McGill, Brian J. (January 2012). <a href="http://homepages.uc.edu/~potochaa/hierarchy.pdf">"The limitations of hierarchical organization"</a> (PDF). <i><a href="/facts/Philosophy_of_Science_(journal)/CQvGQS0p">Philosophy of Science</a></i>. 79 (1): 120–140. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F663237">10.1086/663237</a>. <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/663237">663237</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:123858030">123858030</a>.</li> <li>Ahl, Valerie; Allen, Timothy F. H. (1996). <i>Hierarchy theory: a vision, vocabulary, and epistemology</i>. New York: <a href="/facts/Columbia_University_Press/5dVrKLey">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0231084803. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34149766">34149766</a>.</li> <li>Allen, Timothy F. H.; Hoekstra, Thomas W. (2015) [1992]. <i>Toward a unified ecology</i>. Complexity in ecological systems series (2nd ed.). New York: <a href="/facts/Columbia_University_Press/5dVrKLey">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780231168885. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/920475391">920475391</a>.</li> <li>O'Neill, Robert V.; Deangelis, Donald Lee; Waide, J. B.; Allen, Timothy F. H. (1986). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DOU9DwAAQBAJ"><i>A hierarchical concept of ecosystems</i></a>. Monographs in population biology. Vol. 23. Princeton, NJ: <a href="/facts/Princeton_University_Press/kwvFlKEj">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 069108436X. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13526197">13526197</a>.</li> <li>Allen, Timothy F. H; Starr, Thomas B. (2017) [1982]. <i>Hierarchy: perspectives for ecological complexity</i> (2nd ed.). Chicago: <a href="/facts/University_of_Chicago_Press/6se0Ezfb">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.7208%2Fchicago%2F9780226489711.001.0001">10.7208/chicago/9780226489711.001.0001</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0226489544. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/967919711">967919711</a>.</li> <li>Guttman, Burton S. (February 1976). "Is 'levels of organization' a useful biological concept?". <i><a href="/facts/BioScience/F6U0X5Jg">BioScience</a></i>. 26 (2): 112–113. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1297326">10.2307/1297326</a>. <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1297326">1297326</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Howard_H._Pattee/fs53Qysw">Pattee, Howard Hunt</a> (1973). <i>Hierarchy theory: the challenge of complex systems</i>. International library of systems theory and philosophy. New York: <a href="/facts/George_Braziller/ApXHxJkc">George Braziller</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 080760674X. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/638741">638741</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Allen, Timothy F. H. (2001). "A summary of the principles of hierarchy theory". Archived from the original on 2001-12-18. Retrieved 2016-03-19. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011218001638/http://isss.org/hierarchy.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20011218001638/http://isss.org/hierarchy.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>