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Buton
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>In the precolonial era, the island, then usually known as Butung, was within the sphere of influence of <a href="/facts/Sultanate_of_Ternate/hqyYVsyj">Ternate</a>. Especially in the sixteenth century, Buton served as an important secondary regional center within the Ternaten empire, controlling regional trade and collecting tribute to be sent to Ternate. </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Sultanate_of_Buton/FnpPEkms">Sultanate of Buton</a> ruled over the island from the 14th until the 20th century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>Sultan Murhum, the first Islamic monarch on the island, is remembered in the name of the island's major harbor, Murhum Harbor, in Baubau. </p> <h2 id="geography">Geography</h2> <p>Its largest town is <a href="/facts/Baubau/3kcWdbSJ">Baubau</a>, where the <a href="/facts/Wolio_language/RlsS3C1f">Wolio</a> and <a href="/facts/Cia-Cia_language/sICGWXx2">Cia-Cia</a> languages are spoken. Major nearby islands include <a href="/facts/Wowoni_Island/5px0NK1n">Wawonii</a> (to the north), <a href="/facts/Muna_Island/y7mR3JC7">Muna</a> and <a href="/facts/Kabaena/zb8T0sFy">Kabaena</a> (to the west) and Siumpu (to the southwest). The <a href="/facts/Tukangbesi_Islands/k34SB4zB">Tukangbesi Islands</a> lie just to the east where <a href="/facts/Tukang_Besi/chhMTtd3">Tukang Besi</a> is spoken, and is separated by the Gulf of Kolowana Watabo (<i>Teluk Kolowana Watabo</i>). </p><p>Batuatas Island is to the south. Also the <i>Bouton Passage</i> (as it was known in the pre-Independence era) was an important inter-island navigational location of the northern <a href="/facts/Flores_Sea/K4Hq8ITy">Flores Sea</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="ecology">Ecology</h2> <p>The island is largely covered by <a href="/facts/Rainforest/IEY5TMEc">rainforest</a> and is known for its wildlife. It is one of only two habitats of the <a href="/facts/Anoa/hbt9mL1T">anoa</a>, a type of <a href="/facts/Bubalus/0ohJx9zy">buffalo</a>. </p> <h2 id="people">People</h2> <p>The languages spoken on Buton include <a href="/facts/Wolio_language/RlsS3C1f">Wolio</a>, <a href="/facts/Cia-Cia_language/sICGWXx2">Cia-Cia</a>, various dialects of <a href="/facts/Muna_language/swMCaJHV">Muna</a>, <a href="/facts/Tukang_Besi/chhMTtd3">Tukang Besi</a>, <a href="/facts/Kumbewaha_language/tqyxRe4z">Kumbewaha</a>, <a href="/facts/Lasalimu_language/hxzfWDKJ">Lasalimu</a>, <a href="/facts/Kamaru_language/9bmShvoc">Kamaru</a>, <a href="/facts/Pancana_language/BmDLLHMQ">Pancana</a>, <a href="/facts/Busoa_language/6dWuDBgg">Busoa</a>, <a href="/facts/Taloki_language/5p9lS0FM">Taloki</a>, <a href="/facts/Kulisusu_language/5p9lS0FM">Kulisusu</a> and <a href="/facts/Kioko_language/BmDLLHMQ">Kioko</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Indonesian_language/J8Q78Ywb">Indonesian language</a>, the national language of Indonesia, is also widely used and taught in schools. </p><p>In 2009, the <a href="/facts/Cia-Cia_language/sICGWXx2">Cia-Cia</a> tribe in Baubau city began to use the Korean <a href="/facts/Hangul/prUQxzfJ">Hangul</a> alphabet for their language, based on textbooks created by the <a href="/facts/Hunminjeongeum_Society/fgcYw94u">Hunminjeongeum Society</a>, a linguistic society in Seoul.,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> but in 2012 it was reported that adoption ultimately failed and has been abandoned.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="economy">Economy</h2> <p>The island has a massive reserve of natural <a href="/facts/Bitumen/tW6EqphW">asphalt</a> and several other minerals. Asphalt from Buton can be utilized as bitumen modifiers <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> as well as a substitute for petroleum asphalt. As a result, natural asphalt can be used to reduce dependency on conventional fossil based resources. </p> <h2 id="administration">Administration</h2> <p>Buton Island is administratively divided into five second level administrative divisions (<i>Daerah Tingkat II</i>): <a href="/facts/Baubau/3kcWdbSJ">Baubau</a> City, <a href="/facts/Buton_Regency/L1FhNNmn">Buton Regency</a>, (part of) <a href="/facts/South_Buton_Regency/cUvYI4ox">South Buton Regency</a> (which includes several smaller islands to the west and south of Buton), <a href="/facts/North_Buton_Regency/W5L9KBPD">North Buton Regency</a> and (part of) <a href="/facts/Muna_Regency/Kf8RGASJ">Muna Regency</a>. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Kabupaten</th><th>Areain km2</th><th>Pop'nCensus2010 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></th><th>Pop'nCensus2020 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></th><th>comprising</th></tr><tr><td>North Buton Regency</td><td>1,923.03</td><td>54,736</td><td>66,653</td><td>all districts</td></tr><tr><td>Muna Regency (part)</td><td>400.78</td><td>19,488</td><td>22,534</td><td>Pasih Putih, Pasi Kolaga, Wakorumba Selatan, Batukara and Maligano districts</td></tr><tr><td>Buton Regency</td><td>1,648.04</td><td>94,388</td><td>115,207</td><td>all districts</td></tr><tr><td>Baubau city</td><td>295.07</td><td>136,991</td><td>159,248</td><td>all districts</td></tr><tr><td>South Buton Regency (part)</td><td>460.15</td><td>41,886</td><td>51,257</td><td>Sampolawa, Lapandewa and Batauga districts</td></tr><tr><td><i>Totals</i></td><td><i>4,727.07</i></td><td><i>347,489</i></td><td><i>414,899</i></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>However, the eponymous archipelago is administered under an additional four regencies: the rest of <a href="/facts/Muna_Regency/Kf8RGASJ">Muna Regency</a> and <a href="/facts/South_Buton_Regency/cUvYI4ox">South Buton Regency</a>, together with <a href="/facts/West_Muna_Regency/vS7WMWEh">West Muna Regency</a>, <a href="/facts/Wakatobi_Regency/aLqchBC8">Wakatobi Regency</a>, <a href="/facts/Central_Buton_Regency/TJyNU53B">Central Buton Regency</a> (which does not include any portion of Buton Island), and (part of) <a href="/facts/Bombana_Regency/PTp84dnv">Bombana Regency</a>. </p> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <ul> <li>Islands portal</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Purwanto, Muhammad Roy (October 2017). "SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM DAN UNDANG-UNDANG KESULTANAN BUTON DI SULAWESI TENGGARA". Kecamatan Galang Dalam Angka. ISSN 0852-7504. <a href="https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/5177" target="_blank">https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/5177</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Goodall, George (Editor)(1943) Philips' International Atlas London, George Philip and Son map 'East Indies' pp.91-92 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>van den Berg, Rene (1991). "Preliminary Notes on the Cia-Cia language (South Buton)". Excursies in Celebes. p. 305. ISBN 90-6718-032-7. <a href="90-6718-032-7" target="_blank">90-6718-032-7</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Ethnologue". Retrieved 2009-10-11. <a href="https://www.google.com/custom?q=%22buton+island%22+site%3Aethnologue.com&" target="_blank">https://www.google.com/custom?q=%22buton+island%22+site%3Aethnologue.com&</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Cia-Cia adopts Hangul to preserve spoken language". 7 August 2009. <a href="http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/369998.html" target="_blank">http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/369998.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Adoption of Hangeul by Indonesian Tribe Hits Snag", The chosunibo <a href="http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/10/2011101001151.html" target="_blank">http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/10/10/2011101001151.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Buton Asphalt Indonesia". <a href="http://www.bai.co.id" target="_blank">http://www.bai.co.id</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>