Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
SQL Server Express
open-in-new
<h2 id="capabilities">Capabilities</h2> <p>SQL Server Express provides many of the features of the paid, full versions of Microsoft SQL Server database management system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> However it has technical restrictions that make it unsuitable for some large-scale deployments. Differences in the Express product include: </p> <ul><li>Maximum database size of 10 GB per database in SQL Server 2019, SQL Server 2017, SQL Server 2016, SQL Server 2014, SQL Server 2012, and 2008 R2 Express<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> (4 GB for SQL Server 2008 Express and earlier; compared to 2 GB in the former <a href="/facts/MSDE/npgRySUv">MSDE</a>). The limit applies per database (log files excluded); but in some scenarios users can access more data through the use of multiple interconnected databases.</li> <li>No SQL Server Agent service<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>Restricted hardware usage limits: <ul><li>Single physical CPU, but multiple cores allowable<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>1 GB of RAM (runs on a system with higher RAM amount, but uses only at most 1 GB per instance of SQL Server Database Engine. "Recommended: Express Editions: 1 GB All other editions: At least 4 GB and should be increased as database size increases to ensure optimal performance."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Express with Advanced Services has a limit of 4 GB per instance of Reporting Services (not available on other Express variants). Analysis Services is not available for any Express variant.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Unlike the predecessor product, <a href="/facts/MSDE/npgRySUv">MSDE</a>, the Express product does not include a concurrent workload-governor to "limit performance if the database engine receives more work than is typical of a small number of users."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>SQL Server Express includes several GUI tools for database management. These include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/SQL_Server_Management_Studio/pPIVukeP">SQL Server Management Studio</a> – since 2012 SP1;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> before that, only a stripped-down version called <i>SQL Server Management Studio Express</i> is provided</li> <li>SQL Server Configuration Manager</li> <li>SQL Server Surface Area Configuration tool</li> <li>SQL Server Business Intelligence Development Studio</li></ul> <p>The predecessor product <a href="/facts/MSDE/npgRySUv">MSDE</a> generally lacked basic GUI management tools,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>Features available in SQL Server "Standard" and better editions but absent from SQL Server Express include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Analysis_Services/92MhPt5Q">Analysis Services</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SQL_Server_Integration_Services/QqzlzXxu">Integration Services</a></li> <li>Notification Services</li></ul> <h2 id="localdb">LocalDB</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/SQL_Server_Compact/qvgBnIrk">SQL Server Compact</a></p> <p>SQL Server Express LocalDB announced at 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>This version supports silent installation,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> requires no management and is compatible with other editions of SQL Server at the API level.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>LocalDB runs as non-admin user, requires no configuration or administration.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>LocalDB limits to local system only and supports no remote connections.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> A special connection string is needed to connect this version.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p><p>It is possible create several instances of the LocalDB for different applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> Default instance names 'SqlLocalDB'. </p> <h2 id="variants">Variants</h2> <p>Microsoft makes SQL Server Express N1 available as: </p> <ul><li>An integrated edition with management tools</li> <li>Core database-engine only</li> <li>A <i>SQL Server Express with Advanced Services</i> edition (first introduced relatively late in Q2 2006 compared to the original release) with a reduced-functionality version of <a href="/facts/SQL_Server_Reporting_Services/4GTUaMbQ">SQL Server Reporting Services</a> and with full-text search capabilities</li></ul> <p>In the Free 2005 Express version, for example, a standard approach to installation options was provided, as follows. Generally, the SQL 2005 Express installers are packaged with the following consistent naming convention: </p> SQLEXPR.EXE Has installers for BOTH 32-bit and 64-bit processors, but is a basic install SQLEXPR32.EXE Has ONLY the installer for 32-bit processors (still the basic install) SQLEXPRWT.EXE Has installers for BOTH 32-bit and 64-bit processors <i>and</i> SQL Server Management Studio Express (SSMSE) (2008 R2) SQLEXPR_ADV.EXE Has the basics <i>and</i> SQL Server Management Studio Express (SSMSE) + Reporting and Full Text Queries SQLEXPR_TOOLKIT.EXE Has the basics and SSMSE and Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) <p>These optional variants have gone through several service packs (SP), and each SP installer can be used without using the older ones first: </p> <ul><li>Originals of the above files all carry the version number 9.0.1399.6</li> <li>Service Pack 2 (SP2) versions all carry the version number 9.0.3042</li> <li>Service Pack 3 (SP3) versions all carry the version number 9.00.4035</li> <li>Service Pack 4 (SP4) versions all carry the version number 9.00.5000</li></ul> SqlLocalDB.msi Microsoft® SQL Server Express LocalDB Installer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> SQLLocalDB.exe CLI Microsoft® SQL Server Express LocalDB (LocalDB manipulation tool).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> <h2 id="version-history">Version history</h2> Microsoft SQL Server Express version history<table><tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Release date</th><th>Mainstream support end date</th><th>Extended support end date</th><th>Supported operating systems</th></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2005 Express Edition</td><td>2005-11-07<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td>2011-04-12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td>2016-04-12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td>Windows 2000 Service Pack 4, Windows XP Service Pack 2, Windows Server 2003 Service Pack, Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (only SQL Server 2005 Express Edition SP4)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2008 Express</td><td>2009-02-08<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td>2014-07-08<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td>2019-07-09<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td><td>Windows XP Service Pack 2, Windows XP Service Pack 3, Windows Vista, Windows Vista Service Pack 1, Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2, Windows Server 2008<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2008 R2 Express</td><td>2010-04-16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td>2014-07-08<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td><td>2019-07-09<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td>Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2012 Express</td><td>2012-05-14<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td><td>2017-07-11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td>2022-07-12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td>Windows Vista Service Pack 2, Windows 7, Windows 7 Service Pack 1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2008,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2014 Express</td><td>2014-04-01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td><td>2019-07-09<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td><td>2024-07-09<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td>Windows 7 Service Pack 1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows Server 2008 SP2,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2016 Express</td><td>2016-06-01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td>2021-07-13<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td><td>2026-07-14<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td><td>Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2016</td></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2017 Express</td><td>2017-09-29<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td><td>2022-10-11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td><td>2027-10-12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td>Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2016*,Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3 or 7.4, SUSE Enterprise Linux Server v12 SP2, Ubuntu 16.04LTS, Docker Engine 1.8+ (on Windows, Mac, or Linux)</td></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2019 Express</td><td>2019-11-04<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td>2025-01-07<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td>2030-01-08<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td><td>Windows 10 TH1 1507 or greater, Windows Server 2016 or greater, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3 or greater, SUSE Enterprise Linux Server v12 SP2, Ubuntu 16.04LTS, Docker Engine 1.8+ (on Windows, Mac, or Linux)</td></tr><tr><td>SQL Server 2022 Express</td><td>2022-11-16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td>2028-01-11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td>2033-01-11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Does not include Windows Server 2016 "Essentials" Edition</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/SQL_Server_Compact/qvgBnIrk">SQL Server Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/MSDE/npgRySUv">MSDE</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SQLite/1PwYzIft">SQLite</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_SQL_Server/eCdt2JBL">Microsoft SQL Server</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Servers/mLeSDdQH">Microsoft Servers</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_relational_database_management_systems/rWrTfJ7Y">List of relational database management systems</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems/04R99cvo">Comparison of relational database management systems</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/search/DownloadsDrillInResults.aspx?q=sql+server+express&cateorder=1_5_2_3_11&site=">Microsoft SQL Server Express downloads</a></li> <li><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/bb545450.aspx">Microsoft SQL Server Express documentation</a></li> <li><a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645993%28v=SQL.110%29.aspx">SQL Server 2012 Comparison of features by edition</a></li> <li><a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/sqlexpress/">SQL Server Express WebLog</a></li> <li><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506%28v=sql.110%29.aspx">Hardware and Software Requirements for Installing SQL Server 2012</a></li> <li><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.120).aspx">Hardware and Software Requirements for Installing SQL Server 2014</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"What is LocalDB". Express DB. Retrieved 2021-11-01. <a href="https://expressdb.io/sql-server-express-vs-localdb.html#sql-server-express-vs-localdb" target="_blank">https://expressdb.io/sql-server-express-vs-localdb.html#sql-server-express-vs-localdb</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Announcing SQL Server 2012 Express LocalDB RC0". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-01. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Introducing LocalDB, an improved SQL Express". Microsoft. July 12, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2023. <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express" target="_blank">https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Disable SQL Server VSS Writer service. <a href="https://www.backup-utility.com/windows-server/windows-server-backup-reading-data-please-wait-4348.html" target="_blank">https://www.backup-utility.com/windows-server/windows-server-backup-reading-data-please-wait-4348.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Features Supported by the Editions of SQL Server 2008 R2". Retrieved 2010-06-22. <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645993(v=SQL.105).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645993(v=SQL.105).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Compare Edition Features". Microsoft. <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/editions-compare.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/2008/en/us/editions-compare.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"SQL Server Express with Advanced Services Features". Microsoft. Retrieved 28 March 2012. <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms365248.aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms365248.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"How SQL Server 2005 Express Edition determines the CPU count and uses the CPUs during processing". MSDN. November 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-25. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/914278" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/kb/914278</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Hardware and Software Requirements for Installing SQL Server 2014 - SQL Server | Microsoft Docs". Msdn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2019-04-03. <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.120).aspx" target="_blank">https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.120).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Editions and supported features of SQL Server 2016 - SQL Server | Microsoft Docs". Msdn.microsoft.com. 2017-05-24. Retrieved 2019-04-03. <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc645993.aspx#CrossBoxScale" target="_blank">https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc645993.aspx#CrossBoxScale</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"The SQL Server 2000 Workload Governor". MSDN. January 2004. Retrieved 2007-01-15. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa224554(SQL.80).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa224554(SQL.80).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Download Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012 Service Pack 1 (SP1) Express from Official Microsoft Download Center". Microsoft.com. 2012-11-09. Retrieved 2019-04-03. <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=35579" target="_blank">https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=35579</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"How do I Manage SQL Server". Archived from the original on 2010-07-24. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724165221/http://sqlserver2000.databases.aspfaq.com/how-do-i-manage-sql-server/msde.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100724165221/http://sqlserver2000.databases.aspfaq.com/how-do-i-manage-sql-server/msde.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Introducing LocalDB, an improved SQL Express". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2022-04-17. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Announcing SQL Server 2012 Express LocalDB RC0". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-01. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Introducing LocalDB, an improved SQL Express". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2022-04-17. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Introducing LocalDB, an improved SQL Express". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2022-04-17. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Announcing SQL Server 2012 Express LocalDB RC0". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-01. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Introducing LocalDB, an improved SQL Express". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2022-04-17. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"What is LocalDB". Express DB. Retrieved 2021-11-01. <a href="https://expressdb.io/sql-server-express-vs-localdb.html#sql-server-express-vs-localdb" target="_blank">https://expressdb.io/sql-server-express-vs-localdb.html#sql-server-express-vs-localdb</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Introducing LocalDB, an improved SQL Express". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2022-04-17. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/introducing-localdb-an-improved-sql-express</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"Announcing SQL Server 2012 Express LocalDB RC0". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-01. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Announcing SQL Server 2012 Express LocalDB RC0". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-01. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0" target="_blank">https://docs.microsoft.com/ru-ru/archive/blogs/sqlexpress/announcing-sql-server-2012-express-localdb-rc0</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"Download Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition from Official Microsoft Download Center". Microsoft. Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=21844" target="_blank">http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=21844</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2005)". Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=2855" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=2855</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2005)". Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=2855" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=2855</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition". Microsoft Download Center. Retrieved 2017-04-07. <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=21844" target="_blank">https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=21844</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"Download Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Express from Official Microsoft Download Center". Microsoft. Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=1695" target="_blank">http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=1695</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2008)". Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=13165" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=13165</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2008)". Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=13165" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=13165</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Download Microsoft® SQL Server® 2008 Express from Official Microsoft Download Center". Microsoft.com. 2009-02-08. Retrieved 2019-04-03. <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=1695" target="_blank">https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=1695</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>"Download Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 - Express from Official Microsoft Download Center". Microsoft. Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=3743" target="_blank">http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=3743</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2008 R2)". Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=14917" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=14917</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2008 R2)". Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=14917" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=14917</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>"Hardware and Software Requirements for Installing SQL Server 2008 R2". msdn.microsoft.com. 20 July 2015. Retrieved 2017-10-16. <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.105).aspx" target="_blank">https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.105).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>"Download Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012 Express from Official Microsoft Download Center". Microsoft. Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29062" target="_blank">http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29062</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2012)". Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=16139" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=16139</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2012)". Retrieved 26 December 2012. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=16139" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=16139</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>"Hardware and Software Requirements for Installing SQL Server 2012". Retrieved 6 June 2017. <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506%28v=sql.110%29.aspx" target="_blank">https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506%28v=sql.110%29.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>"Microsoft® SQL Server® 2012 SP2 Express". Microsoft Download Center. Retrieved 2017-04-07. <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43351" target="_blank">https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43351</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>"Download Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Express". Retrieved 11 April 2014. <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/dn434042.aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/dn434042.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2014)". Retrieved 11 April 2014. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=1044" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=1044</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2014)". Retrieved 11 April 2014. <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=1044" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=1044</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>"Hardware and Software Requirements for Installing SQL Server 2014". Retrieved 30 June 2017. <a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.120).aspx" target="_blank">https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms143506(v=sql.120).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>"Microsoft® SQL Server® 2014 Express". Microsoft Download Center. Retrieved 2017-04-08. <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=42299" target="_blank">https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=42299</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>"Download Microsoft SQL Server 2016 Express". Microsoft. <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52679" target="_blank">https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52679</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2016)". <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=1044" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=1044</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2016)". <a href="http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=1044" target="_blank">http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=1044</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>"Download Microsoft SQL Server 2017 Express". Microsoft. <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/details.aspx?id=55994" target="_blank">https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/download/details.aspx?id=55994</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2017)". <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search?alpha=SQL%20Server%202017" target="_blank">https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search?alpha=SQL%20Server%202017</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2017)". <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search?alpha=SQL%20Server%202017" target="_blank">https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search?alpha=SQL%20Server%202017</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>"Download Microsoft SQL Server 2019 Express". <a href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=866658" target="_blank">https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=866658</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2019)". <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/search?alpha=SQL%20Server%202019%20on%20Windows%20(all%20editions)" target="_blank">https://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/search?alpha=SQL%20Server%202019%20on%20Windows%20(all%20editions)</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2019)". <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/search?alpha=SQL%20Server%202019%20on%20Windows%20(all%20editions)" target="_blank">https://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/search?alpha=SQL%20Server%202019%20on%20Windows%20(all%20editions)</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2022)". <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/lifecycle/products/sql-server-2022" target="_blank">https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/lifecycle/products/sql-server-2022</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2022)". <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/lifecycle/products/sql-server-2022" target="_blank">https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/lifecycle/products/sql-server-2022</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>"Microsoft Support Lifecycle (SQL Server 2022)". <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/lifecycle/products/sql-server-2022" target="_blank">https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/lifecycle/products/sql-server-2022</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>