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Windows 2.1
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<h2 id="release-versions">Release versions</h2> <h3>Windows 2.1</h3> <p>Like its predecessor, <a href="/facts/Windows_2.0/KceDrznJ">Windows 2.0</a>, the <a href="/facts/Operating_environment/j5I5cnR5">operating environment</a> was released with two different variants with differing <a href="/facts/CPU/Jxp1bqMV">CPU</a> compatibility. However, the cosmetic naming convention was changed to "Windows/286" and "Windows/386".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> It was released on May 27, 1988, and it was the first version of Windows to require a <a href="/facts/Hard_disk_drive/kekLSGSE">hard disk drive</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>Despite its name, Windows/286 did not require a <a href="/facts/Intel_80286/rucEU93g">80286</a> processor and was fully operational on an <a href="/facts/Intel_8088/DdWKfyBp">8088</a> or <a href="/facts/Intel_8086/sS9dlSdK">8086</a> processor, although it would not use the <a href="/facts/High_memory_area/NPW4zCVl">high memory area</a> since it did not exist on an 8086 processor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> It is a rehash of its predecessor, Windows 2.03. The variant uses an additional 64KB of the extended 286 KB memory in <a href="/facts/Real_mode/wfU8vfjn">real mode</a>. To access the additional memory, <a href="/facts/HIMEM.SYS/wjhQoVya">HIMEM.SYS</a> is needed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> A few PC vendors shipped Windows/286 with Intel 8086 hardware; one such example was <a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a>'s <a href="/facts/IBM_PS%2f2_Model_25/wxV3rI3p">PS/2 Model 25</a>, which included Windows/286, resulting in some customer confusion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>The other variant, Windows/386, is more advanced since it had introduced a <a href="/facts/Protected_mode/y5u3Gwqq">protected mode</a> kernel, and it allows several <a href="/facts/MS-DOS/fVrrz1uN">MS-DOS</a> programs to run in parallel in the <a href="/facts/Virtual_8086_mode/f4fjXWdU">virtual 8086 mode</a> of the <a href="/facts/I386/ag5eSgWv">80386</a> processor, rather than suspending background applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> It has also provided support for <a href="/facts/Expanded_memory/cYurvMxB">EMS emulation</a>, to use <a href="/facts/RAM/DuD4bxh6">RAM</a> beyond the 640 KB limit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> It has spruced-up rendering of the 80386 version, and its setup program is considered to be better than the Windows/286 one.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> Windows/386 is designed to use both conventional and extended memory, although it ignores expanded memory.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a>: 121 The facilities for converting extended memory into expanded memory are built into Windows/386, although, any EMS that is separately controlled would not be available on Windows/386.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a>: 329 To customize Windows/386, users would have to manually change the <a href="/facts/CONFIG.SYS/a1QSEJhj">CONFIG.SYS</a> file.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a>: 336 Microsoft ended its support for Windows 2.1 on December 31, 2001.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>A Korean version of Windows 2.1 was published by Microsoft in May 1990.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> It was re-released in September 1990 as Windows 2.12.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <h3>Windows 2.11</h3> <p>Windows 2.11 was released on March 13, 1989.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> As the successor of Windows 2.1, it was also released in Windows/286 and Windows/386 editions, with some minor changes in memory management and updates regarding printing options.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> It was noted that costs for organizations that ran Windows 2.11 were lower.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="features">Features</h2> <p>Changes to the <a href="/facts/User_interface/e9sPEWVD">user interface</a> did not occur in this version; instead, Microsoft had increased its performance and added enhanced memory management.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> The Windows/286 variant introduced <a href="/facts/LIM_4.0/cYurvMxB">LIM 4.0</a> boards to store and swap executable code. Both variants had also introduced support towards more devices, while its printer support has been improved.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> Windows/386 allows sharing a single printer to multiple windows. Microsoft has also introduced a disk-caching program, <a href="/facts/SmartDrive/ut88MQ6b">SmartDrive</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a>: 124 while third-party developers had introduced more apps to Windows 2.1 and 2.11.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="system-requirements">System requirements</h2> <p>The official system requirements for Windows 2.1 include the following: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Windows/286<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></th><th>Windows/386<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a>: 124 <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a>: 34 </th></tr><tr><th>CPU</th><td><a href="/facts/Intel_8088/DdWKfyBp">8088</a> processor (<a href="/facts/Intel_80286/rucEU93g">80286</a> recommended)</td><td><a href="/facts/I386/ag5eSgWv">80386</a> processor</td></tr><tr><th>RAM</th><td>512 KB of memory</td><td>1 MB of memory</td></tr><tr><th>Storage</th><td>A hard disk</td><td>2 MB of hard disk space</td></tr><tr><th>Video</th><td colspan="2">EGA or VGA adapters (Work with CGA)</td></tr><tr><th>OS</th><td><a href="/facts/MS-DOS/fVrrz1uN">MS-DOS</a> 3.0 or higher</td><td><a href="/facts/MS-DOS/fVrrz1uN">MS-DOS</a> 3.1 or higher</td></tr><tr><th>Mouse</th><td colspan="2">A Microsoft-compatible pointing device is recommended, but not required</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Windows 2.1 is shipped with 1.2 MB 5¼-inch or 720K 3½-inch floppy disks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> The Windows/386 variant also comes with <a href="/facts/User_guide/sb0Crduq">user's guides</a>, a quick-reference card and a manual that explains the features of the 386 variant.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="reception">Reception</h2> <p>The enhancements that were introduced in Windows 2.1 are considered to have improved the operating environment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> The Windows/386 variant has good level of functionality, and it lets applications run in full- or partial-screen windows, while the operating environment also slows down when running graphic-based applications. <i><a href="/facts/InfoWorld/EJ0zA8FV">InfoWorld</a></i> rated Windows/386 an excellent value.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> Alongside <a href="/facts/DESQview/KjDXlT4v">DESQview 386</a>, they were considered to be the most popular 386 environments by 1989, although DESQview 386 is considered to be more flexible than Windows/386.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a>: 329–336 Compared to other 80386-based systems, Windows/386 requires less DOS memory.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a>: 33 </p><p>The price tag for Windows/286 sat at $99, while the Windows/386 variant cost $195.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> By January 1990, the sales of Microsoft Windows had reached less than two million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> It was succeeded by <a href="/facts/Windows_3.0/AmCtP94m">Windows 3.0</a> released in 1990, and after that, <a href="/facts/Windows_3.1x/zYnWyaC6">Windows 3.1</a> in 1992. Windows 2.1 is considered to be the first version of Microsoft Windows to perform well both critically and commercially.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/LOADALL/ombEb6qk">LOADALL</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/DESQview/KjDXlT4v">DESQview 386</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.officetimeline.com/blog/microsoft-windows-timeline">Microsoft Windows Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noEHHB6rnMI">YouTube upload of Windows/386 promotion video</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"High-Impact Graphics". PC Magazine. Vol. 7, no. 16. Ziff Davis, Inc. September 27, 1988. p. 38. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Purcaru, Bogdan Ion (2014). Games vs. Hardware. The History of PC video games: The 80's. p. 415. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Sexton, Michael Justin Allen (November 12, 2016). "History of Microsoft Windows". Tom's Hardware. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022. <a href="https://www.tomshardware.com/picturestory/739-history-of-microsoft-windows.html" target="_blank">https://www.tomshardware.com/picturestory/739-history-of-microsoft-windows.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"High-Impact Graphics". PC Magazine. Vol. 7, no. 16. Ziff Davis, Inc. September 27, 1988. p. 38. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Patton, Carole; Mace, Scott (July 4, 1988). "Windows Gets More Memory With Upgrade". Info World. Vol. 10. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 1. ISSN 0199-6649. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4z4EAAAAMBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=4z4EAAAAMBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"High-Impact Graphics". PC Magazine. Vol. 7. Ziff Davis, Inc. September 27, 1988. p. 38. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>IBM Personal System 2 and IBM Personal Computer Product Reference. 4. New York: IBM. 1988. p. 78. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Miller, Michael (August 17, 1987). "First Look". Info World. Vol. 9. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 44. ISSN 0199-6649. Archived from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2jsEAAAAMBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=2jsEAAAAMBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Graphical: The Better Interface". PC Magazine. Vol. 8. Ziff Davis, Inc. September 12, 1989. p. 115. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hEaMhncO06EC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=hEaMhncO06EC</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"PC labs tests 24 VGA monitors". PC Magazine. Vol. 9. Ziff Davis, Inc. May 15, 1990. p. 240. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GNYH0lLwKgAC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=GNYH0lLwKgAC</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"High-Impact Graphics". PC Magazine. Vol. 7. Ziff Davis, Inc. September 27, 1988. p. 38. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"The Software Side of the 386 Equation: PC Labs Test Five 386-based Multitasking Solutions". PC Magazine. Vol. 8. Ziff Davis, Inc. February 28, 1989. pp. 121–131. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9wwQdu9dei0C" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=9wwQdu9dei0C</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"PC Labs Tests Every 80386". PC Magazine. Vol. 8. Ziff Davis, Inc. May 30, 1989. pp. 329–341. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HpsOD9ZeqScC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=HpsOD9ZeqScC</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"PC Labs Tests Every 80386". PC Magazine. Vol. 8. Ziff Davis, Inc. May 30, 1989. pp. 329–341. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HpsOD9ZeqScC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=HpsOD9ZeqScC</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Obsolete Products". Support. Microsoft. July 25, 2011. Archived from the original on August 14, 2005. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050814234847/http://support.microsoft.com/gp/lifeobsoleteproducts" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20050814234847/http://support.microsoft.com/gp/lifeobsoleteproducts</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Cowart, Robert (2005). Special edition using Microsoft Windows XP home. Brian Knittel (3 ed.). Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-7897-3279-8. OCLC 56647752. Archived from the original on June 4, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="978-0-7897-3279-8" target="_blank">978-0-7897-3279-8</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"주요 한글 제품 발표" [Major Korean Product Announcements]. Microsoft (in Korean). Archived from the original on May 8, 1999. Retrieved May 23, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990508211652/http://www.microsoft.com/korea/info/product/default.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/19990508211652/http://www.microsoft.com/korea/info/product/default.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"한글 윈도우 2.1의 존재" [The existence of Korean Windows 2.1]. Virtual Windows (in Korean). January 1, 2022. Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2024. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419005732/https://virtualwindows.tistory.com/327" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220419005732/https://virtualwindows.tistory.com/327</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"주요 한글 제품 발표" [Major Korean Product Announcements]. Microsoft (in Korean). Archived from the original on May 8, 1999. Retrieved May 23, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990508211652/http://www.microsoft.com/korea/info/product/default.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/19990508211652/http://www.microsoft.com/korea/info/product/default.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Schreuder, Duco A. (2014). Vision and visual perception: the conscious base of seeing. Bloomington, IN: Archway Publishing. p. 428. ISBN 978-1-4808-1294-9. OCLC 898160678. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="978-1-4808-1294-9" target="_blank">978-1-4808-1294-9</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Timacheff, Serge; Miller, Michael (June 4, 1990). "Microsoft Windows 3.0: The Graphics Interface Grows up". Info World. Vol. 12. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 113. ISSN 0199-6649. Archived from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RTsEAAAAMBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=RTsEAAAAMBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Brownstein, Mark (May 28, 1990). "Windows Drivers For Printers". Info World. Vol. 12. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 33. ISSN 0199-6649. Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nzsEAAAAMBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=nzsEAAAAMBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Johnson, Stuart (September 17, 1990). "Hidden Windows Costs Worthwhile". InfoWorld. Vol. 12. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 13. ISSN 0199-6649. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LDwEAAAAMBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=LDwEAAAAMBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"High-end Windows going corporate with graphics, multitasking abilities". Computerworld. IDG Enterprise. June 20, 1988. p. 4. ISSN 0010-4841. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ks9KBZrRragC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=ks9KBZrRragC</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"High-Impact Graphics". PC Magazine. Vol. 7. Ziff Davis, Inc. September 27, 1988. p. 38. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UenCawr7OowC</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"The Software Side of the 386 Equation: PC Labs Test Five 386-based Multitasking Solutions". PC Magazine. Vol. 8. Ziff Davis, Inc. February 28, 1989. pp. 121–131. ISSN 0888-8507. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2022. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9wwQdu9dei0C" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=9wwQdu9dei0C</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Quinn, Stephen R. (October 25, 1993). "FileMaker Pro eases interface". InfoWorld. Vol. 15. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. p. 108. ISSN 0199-6649. Archived from the original on July 2, 2022. 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