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Volumetric flask
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<h2 id="classes">Classes</h2> <p>Calibration and toleration standards for volumetric flasks are defined in the following standard specifications and practices: <a href="/facts/ASTM_International/xzdCexYJ">ASTM</a> E288,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> E542,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> E694,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> <a href="/facts/International_Organization_for_Standardization/IacYR7Yg">ISO</a> 1042,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/GOST/Ith9dFHs">GOST</a> 1770-74.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> According to these specifications, volumetric flasks come in two different classes. The higher standard flasks (Class A, Class 1, <a href="/facts/United_States_Pharmacopeia/CyYDYG8m">USP</a> or equivalent depending on the country) are made with a more accurately placed graduation mark, and have a unique serial number for traceability. Where this is not required, a lower standard (Class B or equivalent) is used for qualitative or educational work. </p> <h2 id="modifications">Modifications</h2> <p>Volumetric flasks are generally colourless but may be amber-coloured for the handling of light-sensitive compounds such as <a href="/facts/Silver_nitrate/U5w4A3DN">silver nitrate</a> or <a href="/facts/Vitamin_A/5ewDf9LF">vitamin A</a>. </p><p>A modification of the volumetric flask exists for dealing with large quantities of solids that are to be transferred into a volumetric vessel for dissolution. Such a flask has a wide mouth and is known as a <i>Kohlrausch volumetric flask</i>. This kind of volumetric flask is commonly used in analysis of the sugar content in <a href="/facts/Sugar_beet/Rzcof5lb">sugar beets</a>. </p><p>While conventional volumetric flasks have a single mark, industrial volumetric tests in <a href="/facts/Analytical_chemistry/MHQf3YP6">analytical chemistry</a> and <a href="/facts/Food_chemistry/xMEu92HE">food chemistry</a> may employ specialized volumetric flasks with multiple marks to combine several accurately measured volumes. </p><p>A highly specialized kind of the volumetric flask is the <i>Le Chatelier flask</i> for use with the volumetric procedure in <a href="/facts/Specific_gravity/ySquGd2x">specific gravity</a> determination.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Graduated_cylinder/wdRFy24k">Graduated cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Babcock_bottle/VP9x7vvF">Babcock bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Burette/Lhk1FxTb">Burette</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Hughes, J. C. (Apr 1959), <a href="https://www.nist.gov/calibrations/upload/circ602.pdf"><i>Testing of Glass Volumetric Apparatus, NBS Circular 602.</i></a> (PDF), Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.)</li> <li>Houser, J. F. (Aug 1973), <a href="https://www.nist.gov/calibrations/upload/73-287.pdf"><i>Procedures for the Calibration of Volumetric Test Measures, NBSIR 73-287.</i></a> (PDF), Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.)</li> <li>Lembeck, J. (Oct 1974), <a href="https://www.nist.gov/calibrations/upload/74-461.pdf"><i>Calibration of Small Volumetric Laboratory Glassware, NBSIR 74-461.</i></a> (PDF), Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>ASTM E288 - 10 Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Flasks. <a href="http://www.astm.org/Standards/E288.htm" target="_blank">http://www.astm.org/Standards/E288.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>ASTM E542 - 01(2007) Standard Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric Apparatus. <a href="http://www.astm.org/Standards/E542.htm" target="_blank">http://www.astm.org/Standards/E542.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>ASTM E694 - 99(2010) Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Apparatus. <a href="http://www.astm.org/Standards/E694.htm" target="_blank">http://www.astm.org/Standards/E694.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>ISO 1042:1998 Laboratory glassware – One-mark volumetric flasks. <a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=25484" target="_blank">http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=25484</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>GOST 1770-74 Laboratory volumetric glassware. Cylinders, beakers, measuring flasks, test tubes. General specifications. <a href="http://protect.gost.ru/document.aspx?control=7&id=165630" target="_blank">http://protect.gost.ru/document.aspx?control=7&id=165630</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>ASTM C188 - 09 Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement. <a href="http://www.astm.org/Standards/C188.htm" target="_blank">http://www.astm.org/Standards/C188.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>