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Bad Cannstatt
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<h2 id="name">Name</h2> <p> Bad Cannstatt's name originates from a <i><a href="/facts/Castra/FAVdW41t">Castra</a> stativa</i>, Cannstatt Castrum, the massive <a href="/facts/Roman_Empire/l4E1aUuV">Roman</a> Castra that was erected on the hilly ridge in AD 90 to protect the valuable river crossing and local trade.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> In the past, Bad Cannstatt has been known as simply Cannstatt or <i>Kannstatt</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> <i>Cannstadt</i>, <i>Canstatt</i>, <i>Kanstatt</i>, and <i>Condistat</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Its name was changed to include "<i>Bad</i>" (<a href="/facts/German_language/oWaQIDA8">German</a>: <i>Bath</i>) to mention the town's spas on 23 July <a href="/facts/1933_in_Germany/yv9I9S3W">1933</a>. </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/History_of_Stuttgart/lIkmKjC2">History of Stuttgart</a></p> <p>Bad Cannstatt lies on the <a href="/facts/Neckar/4cmQwvvo">Neckar</a> at the convergence of various regional trails.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The area was inhabited by the Seelberg mammoth hunters during the <a href="/facts/Last_glacial_period/mIYwj8e9">last glacial period</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> The town was founded during the <a href="/facts/Roman_Empire/l4E1aUuV">Roman period</a>, records survive of Roman knowledge of the area's springs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The nearby Sielberg is notable for its <a href="/facts/Spelunking/j1nPy3bw">caverns</a> and <a href="/facts/Fossil_hunting/xBILWmI1">fossils</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>In 746 <a href="/facts/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)/5V27x9K9">Carloman, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia</a>, called a council at Cannstatt, <a href="/facts/Council_of_Cannstatt/DS7FN2MG">arrested and executed</a> virtually all nobles of the <a href="/facts/Alemanni/46vLyWu5">Alemanni</a>. This marks the transfer of power from the Alemanni to the emerging Carolingians.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> The present name first appeared as the seat of a court held by <a href="/facts/Charlemagne/o0PlxScC">Charlemagne</a> in the 8th century while trying the rebellious dukes of <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Alemannia/JaQI5kvM">Alemannia</a> and <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Bavaria/NPUF3QJL">Bavaria</a>. </p><p>Cannstatt was the capital of the <a href="/facts/County_of_W%25C3%25BCrttemberg/9JgFTk8B">county of Württemberg</a> into the 14th<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> or <a href="/facts/15th_century_in_Germany/6mdobnXN">15th century</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> the Rotenberg was the location of the ruling house's ancestral castle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Cannstatt subsequently formed part of the <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_W%25C3%25BCrttemberg/1oEUPh5G">duchy</a>, <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_W%25C3%25BCrttemberg/wocHtBmX">electorate</a>, and <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_W%25C3%25BCrttemberg/DWzGV024">kingdom of Württemberg</a>. It lay about 2.5 miles (4 km) from <a href="/facts/Stuttgart/H4DCyM2U">Stuttgart</a> proper,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> although it has since grown to include Bad Cannstatt. In the 13th or 14th century, <a href="/facts/Louis_IV%2c_Holy_Roman_Emperor/TewDnemV">Louis the Bavarian</a> expanded its rights and privileges to equality with <a href="/facts/Esslingen_am_Neckar/1WkLwWwW">Esslingen</a>. Its 15th-century cathedral was dedicated to St Uffo.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> In 1755, the <a href="/facts/1755_Lisbon_earthquake/DVI2kHPg">Great Lisbon earthquake</a> caused the town hall to subside about 3 feet (1 m).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> During the <a href="/facts/French_Revolutionary_Wars/S6nK1AT0">wars which followed the French Revolution</a>, the town was the site on 21 July 1796 of a <a href="/facts/First_French_Republic/GpRHNfcm">French</a> victory over the <a href="/facts/Austrian_Empire/AnAU9bdG">Austrian Empire</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>In the 19th century, it boasted an attractive town hall, a royal theater, a market house, the Wilhelma and <a href="/facts/Rosenstein_Palace/xY2LXgGV">Rosenstein</a> palaces, and extensive industry including <a href="/facts/Wool-spinning/4fRS5hp9">wool-spinning</a>, <a href="/facts/Dyeing/6I8w1TyN">dyeing</a>, <a href="/facts/Steelmaking/95arHmry">steelmaking</a>, and construction of <a href="/facts/Machinery/wTCxFRfs">machinery</a>. There were then about 40 mineral springs, which were considered beneficial for "<a href="/facts/Dyspepsia/axnCu0gn">dyspepsia</a> and <a href="/facts/Anxiety/Geekl883">weakness</a> of the <a href="/facts/Nervous_system/CDxRKU2U">nervous system</a>",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> as well as "diseases of the throat".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Cannstatt was the site of <a href="/facts/Gottlieb_Daimler/zR2rvdbW">Gottlieb Daimler</a>'s invention of the first petroleum-fueled automobile in 1886<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> and housed an automotive factory before the <a href="/facts/First_World_War/vITTUanQ">First World War</a>. Around that time, it also had notable railway and chemical works and a brewery. Cannstatt was incorporated into <a href="/facts/Stuttgart/H4DCyM2U">Stuttgart</a> in 1904.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p><p>Of the 19 surviving mineral springs, 11 are recognized as state wells. In the world, it is now second to only <a href="/facts/%25C3%259Ajbuda/W734Jot6">Újbuda</a> in <a href="/facts/Budapest/VdcUAkxm">Budapest</a>, <a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a>, in scale.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> The Mombach spring is the only one that releases its water without pressure in large quantities; its outflow is used in the adjacent baths and the Wilhelma spa. </p> <h2 id="famous-residents">Famous residents</h2> <p>Famous people associated with Bad-Cannstatt include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Gottlieb_Daimler/zR2rvdbW">Gottlieb Daimler</a>, inventor of the first automobile, developed in Cannstatt, and part-founder of <a href="/facts/Daimler-Benz/KfdR8UTS">Daimler-Benz</a>. (Karl Benz independently invented a successful automobile in the same year, 96 km away in <a href="/facts/Ladenburg/Fq55feKU">Ladenburg</a>.)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Emy_Gordon/E55blRme">Emy Gordon</a> (née von Beulwitz), writer, translator and Catholic activist</li> <li><a href="/facts/Georg_Pf%25C3%25A4fflin/YgMSFxo2">Georg Pfäfflin</a> (1908–1972), German Lutheran pastor</li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h3>Citations</h3> <h3>Footnotes</h3> <ul><li>Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt">"Canstatt" </a>, <i><a href="/facts/Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica/CEyVsjlN">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hugh_Chisholm/2vWblUBe">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911), <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt">"Cannstatt" </a>, <i><a href="/facts/Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition/mPElbCRY">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Jürgen Hagel Cannstatt und seine Geschichte, S. 237, Hrsg. Verein Pro Alt-Cannstatt, 2. Auflage, 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-022904-6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>For most of Stuttgart's early history, Bad Cannstatt overshadowed the comparably small town of Stuttgart in importance.[3] <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Stuttgart (Germany)". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Stuttgart-Germany" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/place/Stuttgart-Germany</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Early history of Stuttgart". en.driveline-online.de. driveLINE. <a href="http://en.driveline-online.de/early-history-of-stuttgart/" target="_blank">http://en.driveline-online.de/early-history-of-stuttgart/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>EB (1911). - Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Cannstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>EB (1878), p. 26. - Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>EB (1878), p. 26. - Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Christie, J. C. (1882-01-01). "XXXV. Notes on the Hohentwiel". Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow. 6 (2): 254–259. doi:10.1144/transglas.6.2.254. ISSN 0371-7224. S2CID 162201053. <a href="http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/cgi/doi/10.1144/transglas.6.2.254" target="_blank">http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/cgi/doi/10.1144/transglas.6.2.254</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>EB (1911). - Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Cannstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>EB (1878), p. 26. - Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Rembold, Ingrid (2018). Conquest and christianization : Saxony and Carolingian world, 772-888. Cambridge. ISBN 978-1-107-19621-6. OCLC 1021410363.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) <a href="978-1-107-19621-6" target="_blank">978-1-107-19621-6</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>EB (1911). - Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Cannstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>EB (1878), p. 26. - Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>EB (1911). - Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Cannstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>EB (1878), p. 26. - Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>EB (1878), p. 26. - Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>EB (1878), p. 27. - Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>EB (1911). - Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Cannstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>EB (1878), p. 26. - Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Canstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 26–27 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Canstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>EB (1911). - Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Cannstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Daimler at a glance". Daimler. Retrieved 25 January 2020. <a href="https://www.daimler.com/company/at-a-glance.html" target="_blank">https://www.daimler.com/company/at-a-glance.html</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>EB (1911). - Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Cannstatt" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 189 <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannstatt</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Wissenswertes", Stuttgart Rallye. <a href="http://www.stuttgart-rallye.de/wissenswertes.html" target="_blank">http://www.stuttgart-rallye.de/wissenswertes.html</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>