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Centrarchiformes
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<h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p>Centrarchiformes includes the following subgroups:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Percalatoidei/T1qS3aIQ">Percalatoidei</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Percalates/evQ6GV5n">Percalates</a></i> <a href="/facts/Edward_Pierson_Ramsay/JFtAavVE">Ramsay</a> & <a href="/facts/James_Douglas_Ogilby/Vyv1n7dr">Ogilby</a>, 1887 (Australian basses)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Terapontoidei/MsXJgd7Y">Terapontoidei</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Girellidae/WzbyLWeD">Girellidae</a> <a href="/facts/Theodore_Gill/RIFNItGm">Gill</a>, 1862 (nibblers)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Scorpididae/8fp9Eez6">Scorpididae</a> <a href="/facts/Albert_G%25C3%25BCnther/SQzexVaS">Günther</a>, 1860 (halfmoons)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kyphosidae/NfadgKRz">Kyphosidae</a> <a href="/facts/David_Starr_Jordan/qLNo5UIR">Jordan</a>, 1887 (sea chubs)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kuhlia/fRIJD38T">Kuhliidae</a> Jordan & <a href="/facts/Barton_Warren_Evermann/a90t53de">Evermann</a>, 1896 (flagtails)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Terapontidae/bTpYCDl7">Terapontidae</a> <a href="/facts/John_Richardson_(naturalist)/bo0legzx">Richardson</a>, 1842 (grunters)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Dichistius/G3TIauGe">Dichistiidae</a> <a href="/facts/J._L._B._Smith/zgvLRRhg">Smith</a>, 1935 (galjoens)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Oplegnathidae/BFXEjRDc">Oplegnathidae</a> <a href="/facts/Pieter_Bleeker/Qu3obMnw">Bleeker</a>, 1853 (knifejaws)</li> <li>Caesioscorpididae Parenti & Randall, 2020 (blowhole perches)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Microcanthidae/fnk1UTwA">Microcanthidae</a> Bleeker, 1876 (stripeys)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Centrarchoidei/MsXJgd7Y">Centrarchoidei</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Centrarchidae/kD2zzavT">Centrarchidae</a> Bleeker, 1859 (North American sunfishes & basses)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Elassomatidae/JVLCEWXV">Elassomatidae</a> Jordan, 1877 (pygmy sunfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sinipercidae/b0qgAwIQ">Sinipercidae</a> Jordan & <a href="/facts/Robert_Earl_Richardson/LvKQmpJp">Richardson</a>, 1910 (Chinese perches)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Enoplosus_armatus/GG8gQxUa">Enoplosidae</a> Gill, 1893 (oldwives)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Percichthyidae/IMTqTzu0">Percichthyidae</a> Jordan & <a href="/facts/Carl_H._Eigenmann/vW2u8Gv1">Eigenmann</a>, 1890 (temperate basses)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Perciliidae/AGeN0kIt">Perciliidae</a> Jordan, 1923 (southern basses)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Parascorpididae/TqX84Era">Parascorpididae</a> Smith, 1949 (jutjaws)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cirrhitoidei/HFQoJHJN">Cirrhitoidei</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cirrhitidae/JFkIK3DK">Cirrhitidae</a> <a href="/facts/William_John_Macleay/MzMgVoXd">Macleay</a>, 1841 (hawkfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Chironemus/kUrgbgGX">Chironemidae</a> Gill, 1862 (kelpfishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Aplodactylidae/2RQbNAEf">Aplodactylidae</a> Günther, 1859 (marblefishes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Cheilodactylidae/WBaQHwHM">Cheilodactylidae</a> <a href="/facts/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte/PunLn0Xz">Bonaparte</a>, 1850 (fingerfins)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Latridae/8jyaeoe9">Latridae</a> Gill, 1862 (trumpeters)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Cladogram from Near & Thacker, 2024:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><td>Centrarchiformes</td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Percalates/evQ6GV5n">Percalates</a></i> (estuary perches)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Girellidae/WzbyLWeD">Girellidae</a> (nibblers)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Scorpididae/8fp9Eez6">Scorpididae</a> (halfmoons)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Kyphosidae/NfadgKRz">Kyphosidae</a> (sea chubs)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Kuhlia/fRIJD38T">Kuhlia</a></i> (flagtails)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Terapontidae/bTpYCDl7">Terapontidae</a> (grunters)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Dichistius/G3TIauGe">Dichistius</a></i> (galjoen fishes)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Oplegnathus/BFXEjRDc">Oplegnathus</a></i> (knifejaws)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i>Caesioscorpis theagenes</i> (blowhole perch)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Microcanthidae/fnk1UTwA">Microcanthidae</a> (stripeys)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Centrarchidae/kD2zzavT">Centrarchidae</a> (sunfishes and blackbasses)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Sinipercidae/b0qgAwIQ">Sinipercidae</a> (oriental perches)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Enoplosus_armatus/GG8gQxUa">Enoplosus armatus</a></i> (old wife)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Parascorpis_typus/TqX84Era">Parascorpis typus</a></i> (jutjaw)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Percichthyidae/IMTqTzu0">Percichthyidae</a> (temperate perches)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Cirrhitidae/JFkIK3DK">Cirrhitidae</a> (hawkfishes)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Latridae/8jyaeoe9">Latridae</a> (trumpeters and morwongs)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Chironemus/kUrgbgGX">Chironemus</a></i> (kelpfishes)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Aplodactylus/2RQbNAEf">Aplodactylus</a></i> (marblefishes)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Cheilodactylus/EnTzzeb7">Cheilodactylus</a></i> (fingerfishes)</p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2023). FishBase. Centrarchiformes. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1517557 on 2023-11-12 <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1517557" target="_blank">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1517557</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 459. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2021-07-24. <a href="978-1-118-34233-6" target="_blank">978-1-118-34233-6</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2023). FishBase. Centrarchiformes. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1517557 on 2023-11-12 <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1517557" target="_blank">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1517557</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.), "Order Centrarchiformes", FishBase, retrieved 7 October 2024 <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Froese" target="_blank">/wiki/Rainer_Froese</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10. <a href="https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification" target="_blank">https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Yagishita, Naoki; Miya, Masaki; Yamanoue, Yusuke; Shirai, Shigeru M.; Nakayama, Kouji; Suzuki, Nobuaki; Satoh, Takashi P.; Mabuchi, Kohji; Nishida, Mutsumi; Nakabo, Tetsuji (2009). "Mitogenomic evaluation of the unique facial nerve pattern as a phylogenetic marker within the percifom fishes (Teleostei: Percomorpha)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (1): 258–266. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.009. PMID 19540351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Friedman, Matt; V. Andrews, James; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16). "The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2023.002. ISSN 1374-8505. <a href="https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=7048" target="_blank">https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=7048</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Near, Thomas J.; Thacker, Christine E. (2024-04-18). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. ISSN 0079-032X. <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-65/issue-1/014.065.0101/Phylogenetic-Classification-of-Living-and-Fossil-Ray-Finned-Fishes-Actinopterygii/10.3374/014.065.0101.full" target="_blank">https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-65/issue-1/014.065.0101/Phylogenetic-Classification-of-Living-and-Fossil-Ray-Finned-Fishes-Actinopterygii/10.3374/014.065.0101.full</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Lavoué, Sébastien; Nakayama, Kouji; Jerry, Dean R.; Yamanoue, Yusuke; Yagishita, Naoki; Suzuki, Nobuaki; Nishida, Mutsumi; Miya, Masaki (2014). "Mitogenomic phylogeny of the Percichthyidae and Centrarchiformes (Percomorphaceae): Comparison with recent nuclear gene-based studies and simultaneous analysis". Gene. 549 (1): 46–57. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.033. PMID 25026502. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Thacker, Christine E.; Near, Thomas J. (2025-03-13). "Phylogeny, biology, and evolution of acanthopterygian fish clades". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. doi:10.1007/s11160-025-09935-w. ISSN 1573-5184. <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-025-09935-w" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-025-09935-w</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Thacker, Christine E.; Near, Thomas J. (2025-03-13). "Phylogeny, biology, and evolution of acanthopterygian fish clades". Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries. doi:10.1007/s11160-025-09935-w. ISSN 1573-5184. <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-025-09935-w" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11160-025-09935-w</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification - California Academy of Sciences". www.calacademy.org. Retrieved 14 November 2024. <a href="https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/" target="_blank">https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Near, T. J.; Thacker, C. E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>