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Sigmurethra
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<h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <h3>2005 Taxonomy</h3> <p>In the <a href="/facts/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%2526_Rocroi%2c_2005)/vyGVUfF9">taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005</a>, Sigmurethra is an "Informal Group", a subsection of the <a href="/facts/Stylommatophora/8d8FbRsa">Stylommatophora</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> It consists of the following families: </p> <ul><li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Clausilioidea/CbQ3RjLF">Clausilioidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Clausiliidae/j750ensL">Clausiliidae</a></li> <li>† Family <a href="/facts/Anadromidae/waC8HBNq">Anadromidae</a></li> <li>† Family <a href="/facts/Filholiidae/NPDyHJGe">Filholiidae</a></li> <li>† Family <a href="/facts/Palaeostoidae/okSw1GGS">Palaeostoidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Orthalicoidea/maKvsXMV">Orthalicoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Orthalicidae/JGGhTcWM">Orthalicidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Cerionidae/opM3hG6j">Cerionidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Coelociontidae/p47a9pIn">Coelociontidae</a></li> <li>† Family <a href="/facts/Grangerellidae/wJQ2brLX">Grangerellidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Megaspiridae/IHxGkT0S">Megaspiridae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Placostylidae/jzY5Dkzl">Placostylidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Urocoptidae/v3yxdc2e">Urocoptidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Achatinoidea/NryBxTzf">Achatinoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Achatinidae/mY49AyI6">Achatinidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Ferussaciidae/no0TEjBo">Ferussaciidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Micractaeonidae/wY01xBlQ">Micractaeonidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Subulinidae/I0UFwbj7">Subulinidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Aillyoidea/1ceYerwS">Aillyoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Aillyidae/1ceYerwS">Aillyidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Testacelloidea/lRwEHJKq">Testacelloidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Testacellidae/7yBmrMao">Testacellidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Oleacinidae/KEfEj27c">Oleacinidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Spiraxidae/hS8Gzm6l">Spiraxidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Papillodermatoidea/6pssSq7C">Papillodermatoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Papillodermatidae/6pssSq7C">Papillodermatidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Streptaxoidea/wqzSqf1x">Streptaxoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Streptaxidae/1JaCyyju">Streptaxidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Rhytidoidea/SBa9Ke4a">Rhytidoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Rhytididae/FwxyftPr">Rhytididae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Chlamydephoridae/WaWf95Lm">Chlamydephoridae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Haplotrematidae/746q32a4">Haplotrematidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Scolodontidae/KeYbY9Ps">Scolodontidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Acavoidea/TULpxdy6">Acavoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Acavidae/qQqBaLxn">Acavidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Caryodidae/9KTgIvLn">Caryodidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Dorcasiidae/8qyzG9Rh">Dorcasiidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Macrocyclidae/rYR9Lz7e">Macrocyclidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Megomphicidae/AdSFhBRq">Megomphicidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Strophocheilidae/e8hsW24z">Strophocheilidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Plectopyloidea/FokKV1Dp">Plectopyloidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Plectopylidae/QW3abKnN">Plectopylidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Corillidae/8Rx0hknn">Corillidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Sculptariidae/Bn7TInvK">Sculptariidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Punctoidea/6RQsBV89">Punctoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Punctidae/Gdm1lgFT">Punctidae</a></li> <li>† Family <a href="/facts/Anostomopsidae/5tknHrct">Anostomopsidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Charopidae/zHFdIPS0">Charopidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Cystopeltidae/kpzpQPGl">Cystopeltidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Discidae/92HG3MlD">Discidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Endodontidae/1GwbfL1x">Endodontidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Helicodiscidae/SwwWEBYU">Helicodiscidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Oreohelicidae/bsA7YuPo">Oreohelicidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Thyrophorellidae/TKD0PSIo">Thyrophorellidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Sagdoidea/C1sSbVdp">Sagdoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Sagdidae/wYIv25FS">Sagdidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> <h4><a href="/facts/Limacoid_clade/wdnXcfzA">limacoid clade</a></h4> <ul><li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Staffordioidea/uFx38a43">Staffordioidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Staffordiidae/uFx38a43">Staffordiidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Dyakioidea/vjUNtEIt">Dyakioidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Dyakiidae/vjUNtEIt">Dyakiidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Gastrodontoidea/51E1JJqI">Gastrodontoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Gastrodontidae/jLvq9zDd">Gastrodontidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Chronidae/k5uEGfVR">Chronidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Euconulidae/E8hu3wlj">Euconulidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Oxychilidae/0peg0PYv">Oxychilidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Pristilomatidae/MMStkCTb">Pristilomatidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Trochomorphidae/8dxSfl3M">Trochomorphidae</a></li> <li>Fossil taxa probably belonging to the <a href="/facts/Gastrodontoidea/51E1JJqI">Gastrodontoidea</a> <ul><li>Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae</li> <li>Subfamily † Grandipatulinae</li> <li>Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Parmacelloidea/GqUUhvE4">Parmacelloidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Parmacellidae/6UIgUHRd">Parmacellidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Milacidae/14QKWoN6">Milacidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Trigonochlamydidae/efcQFh2M">Trigonochlamydidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Zonitoidea/26FP76rT">Zonitoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Zonitidae/26FP76rT">Zonitidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Helicarionoidea/JYldlQyt">Helicarionoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Helicarionidae/EQs4suc5">Helicarionidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Ariophantidae/TVyAXFjT">Ariophantidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Urocyclidae/qjvmbxUb">Urocyclidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Limacoidea/9sYtFrW4">Limacoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Limacidae/0vN3QI7A">Limacidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Agriolimacidae/SyF7gWA8">Agriolimacidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Boettgerillidae/yPm7g46q">Boettgerillidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Vitrinidae/QHusMLjp">Vitrinidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> <h4>Informal group Sigmurethra continued</h4> <p>Two superfamilies belongs to clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade. </p> <ul><li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Arionoidea/YtaS2coE">Arionoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Arionidae/RU1XBLnf">Arionidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Anadenidae/4cTcCHSS">Anadenidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Ariolimacidae/kJ9HU64t">Ariolimacidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Binneyidae/DVghptIy">Binneyidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Oopeltidae/NBlaT6D3">Oopeltidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Philomycidae/b2Ux0BDq">Philomycidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Helicoidea/rCRVjdk3">Helicoidea</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Helicidae/AxPPweVc">Helicidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Bradybaenidae/6nq2P2oo">Bradybaenidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Camaenidae/XXNDX0IL">Camaenidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Cepolidae_(gastropods)/UuEeYM0w">Cepolidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Cochlicellidae/CTEVu8rl">Cochlicellidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Elonidae/DBF8QkAm">Elonidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Epiphragmophoridae/IVI1wQgC">Epiphragmophoridae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Halolimnohelicidae/FwtcDbvC">Halolimnohelicidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Helicodontidae/xEzXlWYx">Helicodontidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Helminthoglyptidae/bRnqQNq7">Helminthoglyptidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Humboldtianidae/Y6CeBIhD">Humboldtianidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Hygromiidae/0eTk7Wne">Hygromiidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Monadeniidae/0fjDbQgL">Monadeniidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Pleurodontidae/afNU6LaH">Pleurodontidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Polygyridae/see3JPjs">Polygyridae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Sphincterochilidae/4BL5btEd">Sphincterochilidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Thysanophoridae/j7APwAny">Thysanophoridae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Trissexodontidae/1AoCTzAW">Trissexodontidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Xanthonychidae/75yLHclW">Xanthonychidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>(Families that are exclusively fossil are indicated with a dagger †) </p> <h3>New families after 2005</h3> <ul><li>Superfamily <a href="/facts/Streptaxoidea/wqzSqf1x">Streptaxoidea</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Diapheridae/ryUE3g62">Diapheridae</a> - In 2010, Sutcharit et al. (2010)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> established a new family Diapheridae within the Streptaxoidea.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul></li></ul> <h3>2017 Taxonomy</h3> <p>After excluding groups not related, the informal group Sigmurethra becomes suborder <a href="/facts/Helicina_(suborder)/XNgFnrLf">Helicina</a>, with the following nine infraorders and a collection of families with no superfamily：<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Suborder <a href="/facts/Helicina/6Y7xxale">Helicina</a> ("Non-Achatinoid Clade") <ul><li>Infraorder Arionoidei</li> <li>Infraorder Clausilioidei</li> <li>Infraorder Helicoidei: formed from <a href="/facts/Helicoidea/rCRVjdk3">Helicoidea</a> Rafinesque, 1815 and <a href="/facts/Sagdoidea/C1sSbVdp">Sagdoidea</a> Pilsbry, 1895<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>Infraorder <a href="/facts/Limacoidei/wdnXcfzA">Limacoidei</a>: formed from original <i>limacoid clade</i></li> <li>Infraorder Oleacinoidei<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Oleacinoidea/sWJMtLVp">Oleacinoidea</a>: formed from original <a href="/facts/Testacelloidea/lRwEHJKq">Testacelloidea</a> but with the family <a href="/facts/Testacellidae/7yBmrMao">Testacellidae</a> excluded;</li> <li><a href="/facts/Haplotrematoidea/746q32a4">Haplotrematoidea</a>: formed from original <a href="/facts/Rhytidoidea/SBa9Ke4a">Rhytidoidea</a> and <a href="/facts/Haplotrematidae/746q32a4">Haplotrematidae</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li></ul></li> <li>Infraorder Orthalicoidei</li> <li>Infraorder <a href="/facts/Pupilloidei/6NccdG2T">Pupilloidei</a> (<a href="/facts/Orthurethra/GqCCCTjr">Orthurethra</a>)</li> <li>Infraorder Rhytidoidei: formed by <a href="/facts/Rhytidoidea/SBa9Ke4a">Rhytidoidea</a> merging with contents from <a href="/facts/Acavoidea/TULpxdy6">Acavoidea</a>.</li> <li>Infraorder <a href="/facts/Succineoidei/fghmt8S2">Succineoidei</a> (<a href="/facts/Elasmognatha/fghmt8S2">Elasmognatha</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sigmurethra. <a href="/facts/Wikispecies/b2GhA7Le">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i>Sigmurethra</i>. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Lunarejo. et al. 2008. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>(in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R.: Základy zoopaleontologie. - Olomouc, 1996. 264 pp., ISBN 80-7067-599-3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x. <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" target="_blank">/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x. <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" target="_blank">/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Hausdorf, Bernhard; Kaim, Andrzej; Kano, Yasunori; Nützel, Alexander; Parkhaev, Pavel; Schrödl, Michael; Strong, Ellen E. (2017). "Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families". Malacologia. 61 (1–2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201. ISSN 0076-2997. S2CID 91051256. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bouchet" target="_blank">/wiki/Philippe_Bouchet</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O, eds. (2018). "Helicoidei". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-08-01. <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057261" target="_blank">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057261</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O, eds. (2018). "Oleacinoidei". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-08-01. <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057260" target="_blank">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1057260</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O, eds. (2018). "Haplotrematoidea H.B. Baker, 1925". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2018-08-01. <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994702" target="_blank">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994702</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>