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Cyst
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<h2 id="terminology">Terminology</h2> <ul><li><i>microcyst – a</i> small cyst that requires magnification to be seen</li> <li><i>macrocyst –</i> a cyst that is larger than usual or compared to others</li></ul> <h2 id="related-structures">Related structures</h2> <p>A <i><a href="/facts/Pseudocyst/AL75uvex">pseudocyst</a></i> is very similar to a cyst, but is a collection of cells without a distinct membrane (<a href="/facts/Epithelial/ecKHcHC3">epithelial</a> or <a href="/facts/Endothelial/L4ENFVnw">endothelial</a> cells). </p><p>A <i><a href="/facts/Syrinx_(medicine)/HdAJ8HfB">syrinx</a></i> in the <a href="/facts/Spinal_cord/XbWLr917">spinal cord</a> or <a href="/facts/Brainstem/lD3WQbXM">brainstem</a> is sometimes inaccurately referred to as a "cyst". </p> <h2 id="cysts-by-location">Cysts by location</h2> <h3>Female reproductive system</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Nabothian_cyst/rTPyQ61c">Nabothian cyst</a> (on the surface of the cervix)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ovarian_cyst/Gf7dK4U6">Ovarian cyst</a> (ovary)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Paratubal_cyst/TpygFGH2">Paratubal cyst</a> (in front of fallopian tube behind the ovary)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Vaginal_cysts/qWkCYfug">Vaginal cysts</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Gartner%2527s_duct_cyst/c8LM8zNC">Gartner's duct cyst</a> (lateral to vaginal wall)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bartholin%2527s_cyst/kCLlDuRX">Bartholin's cyst</a> (at <a href="/facts/Vaginal_introitus/ca5jsTwF">vaginal introitus</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Skene%2527s_duct_cyst/U9jNIvcp">Skene's duct cyst</a> (beside the <a href="/facts/Urinary_meatus/KEpC3DKX">urinary meatus</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>Ectopic ureterocoele (around the urinary meatus)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>Urethral diverticulum (in front of vaginal wall)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li></ul></li></ul> <h3>Male reproductive system</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Rete_tubular_ectasia/bAp8b8QC">Rete tubular ectasia</a> (within the <a href="/facts/Rete_testis/oe7G9xKD">rete testis</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Epididymal_cyst/XPv1hSzY">Epididymal cyst</a> (in the <a href="/facts/Epididymis/7XLx1tKK">epididymis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hydrocele_testis/1Y70wT2a">Hydrocele testis</a> (<a href="/facts/Testicle/Doy40hoq">testicle</a>): clear fluid within the <a href="/facts/Cavum_vaginale/4zIXvNSg">cavum vaginale</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spermatocele/k6xJqWXh">Spermatocele</a> (<a href="/facts/Testicle/Doy40hoq">testicle</a>): fluid within the head of epididymis</li></ul> <h3>Cutaneous and subcutaneous</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Acne/TKJxhHSd">Acne</a> cyst – Pseudocysts associated with <a href="/facts/Cystic_acne/TKJxhHSd">cystic acne</a> - an inflammatory nodule with or without an associated epidermoid inclusion cyst</li> <li><a href="/facts/Arachnoid_cyst/1gqHTnc1">Arachnoid cyst</a> (between the surface of the brain and the <a href="/facts/Human_cranium/A9Wp63Np">cranial</a> base or on the arachnoid membrane)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Epidermoid_cyst/F1LQ42fT">Epidermoid cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Myxoid_cyst/Cb7R7Jq2">Myxoid cyst</a> (cutaneous condition often characterized by nail plate depression and grooves)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pilar_cyst/8skI2V43">Pilar cyst</a> (cyst of the scalp)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pilonidal_cyst/JNnRSW2p">Pilonidal cyst</a> (skin infection near tailbone)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sebaceous_cyst/cvGkM22M">Sebaceous cyst</a> – sac below skin</li> <li><a href="/facts/Trichilemmal_cyst/8skI2V43">Trichilemmal cyst</a> – same as a pilar cyst, a familial cyst of the scalp</li></ul> <h3>Head and neck</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Odontogenic_cyst/UaNVNpRK">Odontogenic cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ceruminous/64aACbe0">Ceruminous</a> cyst (ear)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Chalazion/U1oKcKPU">Chalazion cyst</a> (eyelid)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mucous_cyst_of_the_oral_mucosa/7dH9Ip7K">Mucous cyst of the oral mucosa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nasolabial_cyst/85G3h4jK">Nasolabial cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nasopalatine_duct_cyst/XsJPecRD">Nasopalatine duct cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Thyroglossal_cyst/uHGYS2tV">Thyroglossal cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vocal_fold_cyst/kfWpoTI8">Vocal fold cyst</a></li></ul> <h3>Chest</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Fibrocystic_breast_changes/8sRf0nXc">Fibrous cyst</a> (<a href="/facts/Breast_cyst/kwv3620R">breast cyst</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pulmonary_cyst/5HfY6qn9">Pulmonary cyst</a> (air pocket in the lung)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pericardial_cyst/cpUVWbps">Pericardial cyst</a> (abnormal dilatation of <a href="/facts/Pericardium/ePd4gkeT">pericardium</a>)</li></ul> <h3>Abdomen</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Liver/Rtp4Fk2b">Liver</a> cysts <ul><li>Simple cysts<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hydatid_cyst/0FnVxknd">Hydatid cysts</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cystadenoma/hIdASyJH">Biliary cystadenoma</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li>Biliary cystadenocarcinoma<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Polycystic_liver_disease/IhlhcDSM">Polycystic liver disease</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Adrenal/3f8jV5aJ">Adrenal</a> cyst (glands located above the kidneys) - It is a rare disease, affecting 0.06 to 0.18% of <a href="/facts/Autopsy/GzSXuCH2">autopsy</a> studies. It constitutes 5.4 to 6.0% of adrenal gland diseases. There are five major types of adrenal cysts: simple or endothelial cysts, true or epithelial cysts, pseudocysts, parasitic cysts, and cysts not classified elsewhere. 7% of the cysts can be malignant.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Renal_cyst/7dLz4MEg">Renal cyst</a> (kidneys)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pancreatic_cyst/fvy6anQn">Pancreatic cyst</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li>Peritoneal inclusion cyst (lining of the abdominal cavity) - It is a cluster of fluid-filled cysts lining the abdominal cavity of reproductive age women with a history of pelvic, abdominal surgeries, or abdominal inflammation. Those affected maybe presented with an abdominal, pelvic, lower back that lasted for months.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Enteric_duplication_cyst/8ezYWQeq">Enteric duplication cyst</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Central nervous system</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Choroid_plexus_cyst/DnFd6G24">Choroid plexus cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Colloid_cyst/CJ0vTlwB">Colloid cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pineal_gland_cyst/HWrPJjBf">Pineal gland cyst</a> (in the <a href="/facts/Pineal_gland/eN9EBq5Q">pineal gland</a> in the brain)</li> <li>Glial cyst</li> <li><a href="/facts/Tarlov_cyst/RduT5sk0">Tarlov cyst</a> (spinal canal)</li></ul> <h3>Musculoskeletal system</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Aneurysmal_bone_cyst/wc9SPLDq">Aneurysmal bone cyst</a>, a benign bone tumor with a <a href="/facts/X-ray/wseP79cN">radiographic</a> cystic appearance.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Baker%2527s_cyst/fmBd2KYT">Baker's cyst</a> or popliteal cyst (behind the knee joint)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mucoid_cyst/Cb7R7Jq2">Mucoid cyst</a> (ganglion cysts of the digits)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Stafne_static_bone_cyst/xq3Ceky1">Stafne static bone cyst</a> (an anatomic variant with radiographic cystic appearance in the <a href="/facts/Posterior_(anatomy)/IpJ1fq2f">posterior</a> <a href="/facts/Mandible/1ATEfAQa">mandible</a>)</li> <li>Subchondral cyst (cysts near the bony joints)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Seen in various locations</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Dermoid_cyst/k1qp4sTw">Dermoid cyst</a> (seen in ovaries, testes, and many other locations, from head to tailbone)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ganglion_cyst/KEq4GpjS">Ganglion cyst</a> (hand and foot joints and tendons)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mucoid_cyst/Cb7R7Jq2">Mucoid cyst</a> (ganglion cysts of the digits)</li></ul> <h2 id="infectious-cysts">Infectious cysts</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cysticercosis/hjmcMsbR">Cysticercal cyst</a> – an infection due to the larval stage of <i>Taenia sp.</i> (Crain's backs)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hydatid_cyst/0FnVxknd">Hydatid cyst</a> – an infection in the liver or other parts of the body due to the larval stage of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> (<a href="/facts/Tapeworm/XQpcfzUx">tapeworm</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="neoplastic-cysts">Neoplastic cysts</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Dermoid_cyst/k1qp4sTw">Dermoid cyst</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Keratocystic_odontogenic_tumor/uJuHadeT">Keratocystic odontogenic tumor</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Calcifying_odontogenic_cyst/h6zgv4jA">Calcifying odontogenic cyst</a></li></ul> <h2 id="treatment">Treatment</h2> <p>Treatment ranges from simple <a href="/facts/Enucleation_(surgery)/925K21kR">enucleation</a> of the cyst to <a href="/facts/Curettage/qoxUcuuX">curettage</a> to <a href="/facts/Segmental_resection/Lsvle5Cs">resection</a>. There are cysts—e.g., <a href="/facts/Buccal_bifurcation_cyst/9JPcyGEW">buccal bifurcation cyst</a>—that resolve on their own, in which just close observation may be employed, unless it is <a href="/facts/Infection/182XrncP">infected</a> and <a href="/facts/Symptom/BzP6MrTN">symptomatic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="cystic-fibrosis">Cystic fibrosis</h2> <p>Despite being described in 1938 as "the <a href="/facts/Microscopic/EHg18xvy">microscopic</a> appearance of cysts in the pancreas",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Cystic_fibrosis/tlNK5BAH">cystic fibrosis</a> is an example of a <a href="/facts/Genetic_disorder/hFqt2NLn">genetic disorder</a> whose name is related to fibrosis of the <a href="/facts/Cystic_duct/BAlrkFYr">cystic duct</a> (which serves the <a href="/facts/Gallbladder/RPdkQzQM">gallbladder</a>) and does not involve cysts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p><p>This is just one example of how the Greek root <i>cyst-</i>, which simply means a fluid-filled sac, also is found in medical terms that relate to the <a href="/facts/Urinary_bladder/g8Khaf7A">urinary bladder</a> and the <a href="/facts/Gallbladder/RPdkQzQM">gallbladder</a>, neither of which involve cysts. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_cutaneous_conditions/U58kszg2">List of cutaneous conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Against_a_Wen/pBGXrGbV">Against a Wen</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li>Stöppler, Melissa Conrad. <a href="https://www.medicinenet.com/cyst_symptoms_and_causes/views.htm">"What Is a Cyst? Types, Symptoms, Signs, and Causes"</a>. <i>MedicineNet</i>.</li> <li>De Maio, Fernando; Di Marcantonio, Arianna; De Luna, Vincenzo; Caterini, Alessandro; Tresoldi, Ilaria; Farsetti, Pasquale (2020). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7522442">"Synovial cyst of the acromioclavicular joint with and without rotator cuff tear: A case series of two patients"</a>. <i>International Journal of Surgery Case Reports</i>. 75: 390–393. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijscr.2020.09.084">10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.09.084</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7522442">7522442</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32992095">32992095</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Okamoto Y, Tanaka YO, Nishida M, Tsunoda H, Yoshikawa H, Itai Y (March 2003). "MR imaging of the uterine cervix: imaging-pathologic correlation". Radiographics. 23 (2): 425–45, quiz 534-5. doi:10.1148/rg.232025065. PMID 12640157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Farghaly SA (2014). "Current diagnosis and management of ovarian cysts". Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology. 41 (6): 609–12. doi:10.12891/ceog20322014. PMID 25551948. S2CID 1512424. <a href="https://doi.org/10.12891%2Fceog20322014" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.12891%2Fceog20322014</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Kiseli M, Caglar GS, Cengiz SD, Karadag D, Yılmaz MB (June 2012). "Clinical diagnosis and complications of paratubal cysts: review of the literature and report of uncommon presentations". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 285 (6): 1563–9. doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2304-8. PMID 22526447. S2CID 5638006. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Heller DS (April 2012). "Vaginal cysts: a pathology review". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16 (2): 140–4. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182320ef0. PMID 22126833. S2CID 826917. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Heller DS (April 2012). "Vaginal cysts: a pathology review". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16 (2): 140–4. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182320ef0. PMID 22126833. S2CID 826917. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Heller DS (April 2012). "Vaginal cysts: a pathology review". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16 (2): 140–4. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182320ef0. PMID 22126833. S2CID 826917. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Heller DS (April 2012). "Vaginal cysts: a pathology review". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16 (2): 140–4. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182320ef0. PMID 22126833. S2CID 826917. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Heller DS (April 2012). "Vaginal cysts: a pathology review". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16 (2): 140–4. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182320ef0. PMID 22126833. S2CID 826917. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Heller DS (April 2012). "Vaginal cysts: a pathology review". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 16 (2): 140–4. doi:10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182320ef0. PMID 22126833. S2CID 826917. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Rubens DJ, Liao L (October 2001). "Benign intratesticular cystic lesions: US features". Radiographics. 21 Spec No (suppl_1): S273-81. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.suppl_1.g01oc15s273. PMID 11598263. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Rawla P, Sunkara T, Muralidharan P, Raj JP (March 2019). "An updated review of cystic hepatic lesions". Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 5 (1): 22–29. doi:10.5114/ceh.2019.83153. PMC 6431089. PMID 30915403. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Rawla P, Sunkara T, Muralidharan P, Raj JP (March 2019). "An updated review of cystic hepatic lesions". Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 5 (1): 22–29. doi:10.5114/ceh.2019.83153. PMC 6431089. PMID 30915403. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Rawla P, Sunkara T, Muralidharan P, Raj JP (March 2019). "An updated review of cystic hepatic lesions". Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 5 (1): 22–29. doi:10.5114/ceh.2019.83153. PMC 6431089. PMID 30915403. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Rawla P, Sunkara T, Muralidharan P, Raj JP (March 2019). "An updated review of cystic hepatic lesions". Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 5 (1): 22–29. doi:10.5114/ceh.2019.83153. PMC 6431089. PMID 30915403. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Rawla P, Sunkara T, Muralidharan P, Raj JP (March 2019). "An updated review of cystic hepatic lesions". Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 5 (1): 22–29. doi:10.5114/ceh.2019.83153. PMC 6431089. PMID 30915403. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6431089</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Pogorzelski R, Toutounchi S, Krajewska E, Fiszer P, Pachucki J, Bednarczuk T, et al. (2015). "Laparoscopic treatment of adrenal cysts--own research and literature review". Endokrynologia Polska. 66 (5): 469–72. doi:10.5603/EP.2015.0057. PMID 26457502. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5603%2FEP.2015.0057" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5603%2FEP.2015.0057</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Stark A, Donahue TR, Reber HA, Hines OJ (May 2016). "Pancreatic Cyst Disease: A Review". JAMA. 315 (17): 1882–93. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.4690. 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