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Mashriq
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<h2 id="geography">Geography</h2> <p>As the word <i>Mashriq</i> refers to Arab countries located between the <a href="/facts/Mediterranean_Sea/Vr2pzVbM">Mediterranean Sea</a> and <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a>, it is the companion term to <i><a href="/facts/Maghreb/oIcU24Mz">Maghreb</a></i> (<a href="/facts/Arabic_language/A1e66hVV">Arabic</a>: المغرب), the western half of the Arab world comprising <a href="/facts/Algeria/UXDF4Tj6">Algeria</a>, <a href="/facts/Morocco/6ly8170M">Morocco</a>, <a href="/facts/Tunisia/4uC8Po6k">Tunisia</a>, and <a href="/facts/Libya/HMPH8PWR">Libya</a>. Libya may also be regarded as straddling the two regions, with <a href="/facts/Cyrenaica/w624AyBA">Cyrenaica</a> in eastern Libya considered as part of the Mashriq, whereas <a href="/facts/Tripolitania/1hvEXyjN">Tripolitania</a> in western Libya is considered part of the Maghreb. Therefore Sirtica or the <a href="/facts/Gulf_of_Sidra/vmqJLLw2">Gulf of Sidra</a> is considered the dividing point between the Maghreb and Mashreq within the Arab world.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. The Mashriq corresponds to the <a href="/facts/Bilad_al-Sham/bdXM0R1L">Bilad al-Sham</a> and <a href="/facts/Mesopotamia/f0mmbhTK">Mesopotamian</a> regions combined.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> As of 2014, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="cooperation">Cooperation</h2> <p>All of the countries located in the Arab Mashreq area are members of the <a href="/facts/Arab_League/15f9WWWM">Arab League</a>, the <a href="/facts/Council_of_Arab_Economic_Unity/7reUFCLY">Greater Arab Free Trade Area</a>, and the <a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT">United Nations</a>. The region cooperates in several projects including the <a href="/facts/Arab_Mashreq_International_Road_Network/wN9NjnfW">Arab Mashreq International Road Network</a> and the <a href="/facts/Arab_Mashreq_International_Railway/Alx8dDaX">Arab Mashreq International Railway</a>. Several nations are also members of the <a href="/facts/Gulf_Cooperation_Council/6DDyFPRX">GCC</a> and others have tried to achieve political unity in the past, such as the <a href="/facts/United_Arab_Republic/4R55TmFu">United Arab Republic</a> in the 1960s and 1970s, which originally included both <a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB">Egypt</a> and <a href="/facts/Syria/7pDXGzq8">Syria</a>. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Arabia_Felix/IoXoxxI3">Arabia Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Arabian_Peninsula/x1fDka2b">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cradle_of_civilization/slYINUco">Cradle of civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fertile_Crescent/KLHIjwQe">Fertile Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Levant/uuJLt3Af">Levant</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Maghreb/oIcU24Mz">Maghreb</a>, "Place of Sunset", which contrasts with Mashriq, "Place of Sunrise"</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mashriqi_Arabic/1FyyWcf2">Mashriqi Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mashriqi_Jews/sJxlNJFP">Mashriqi Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nile/vGoXVUFH">Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Syria_(region)/yR1BrNBj">Shaam (Greater Syria)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Economic interrogation in the mashriq" (PDF). world bank, siteresources. <a href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/MashreqStudypub.pdf" target="_blank">http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/MashreqStudypub.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Everett-Heath, John (2018). The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-186632-6. OCLC 1053905476. <a href="978-0-19-186632-6" target="_blank">978-0-19-186632-6</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Alvarez, Lourdes María (2009). Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī. Paulist Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-8091-0582-3. <a href="978-0-8091-0582-3" target="_blank">978-0-8091-0582-3</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Peek, Philip M.; Yankah, Kwesi (2003-12-12). African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 442. ISBN 978-1-135-94873-3. <a href="978-1-135-94873-3" target="_blank">978-1-135-94873-3</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Everett-Heath, John (2018). The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-186632-6. OCLC 1053905476. <a href="978-0-19-186632-6" target="_blank">978-0-19-186632-6</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Mashriq | geographical region, Middle East". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-08-16. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashriq" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashriq</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Libya - Geography". www.country-data.com. Retrieved 2023-06-12. <a href="http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8151.html" target="_blank">http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8151.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Le Gall, Michel; Perkins, Kenneth (2010). The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography. University of Texas Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-292-78838-1. <a href="978-0-292-78838-1" target="_blank">978-0-292-78838-1</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Libya - Geography". www.country-data.com. Retrieved 2023-06-12. <a href="http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8151.html" target="_blank">http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8151.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Le Gall, Michel; Perkins, Kenneth (2010). The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography. University of Texas Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-292-78838-1. <a href="978-0-292-78838-1" target="_blank">978-0-292-78838-1</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Clancy-Smith, Julia (2013-11-05). North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-135-31213-8. <a href="978-1-135-31213-8" target="_blank">978-1-135-31213-8</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Official estimate of the Population of Egypt Archived May 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptInFigure/EgyptinFigures/Tables/English/pop/population/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.capmas.gov.eg/pdf/EgyptInFigure/EgyptinFigures/Tables/English/pop/population/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>UN estimate for Lebanon <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Official Jordanian population clock". Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117225318/http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120117225318/http://www.dos.gov.jo/dos_home_e/main/index.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"National Main Statistical Indicators". State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-05-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203043434/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161203043434/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lang=en</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>UN estimate for Syria <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Iraq". The World Bank. Retrieved 2023-12-21. <a href="http://data.worldbank.org/country/iraq" target="_blank">http://data.worldbank.org/country/iraq</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>