Gauss (unit)

<h2 id="name-symbol-and-metric-prefixes">Name, symbol, and metric prefixes</h2>
<p>Although not a component of the International System of Units, the usage of the gauss generally follows the rules for SI units. Since the name is derived from a person's name, its symbol is the uppercase letter "G". When the unit is spelled out, it is written in lowercase ("gauss"), unless it begins a sentence.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>: 147–148   The gauss may be combined with <a href="/facts/Metric_prefix/Y2MzkaeL">metric prefixes</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>: 128  such as in milligauss, mG (or mGs), or kilogauss, kG (or kGs).
</p>
<h2 id="unit-conversions">Unit conversions</h2>
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    {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}1\,{\rm {G}}&={\rm {Mx}}{\cdot }{\rm {cm}}^{-2}={\frac {\rm {g}}{{\rm {Bi}}{\cdot }{\rm {s}}^{2}}}\\&{\text{ ≘ }}10^{-4}\,{\rm {T}}=10^{-4}{\frac {\rm {kg}}{{\rm {A}}{\cdot }{\rm {s^{2}}}}}\end{aligned}}}

</p><p>The gauss is the unit of magnetic flux density B in the system of <a href="/facts/Gaussian_units/1mtqI96c">Gaussian units</a> and is equal to <a href="/facts/Maxwell_(unit)/NHVBBG0V">Mx</a>/cm2 or <a href="/facts/Gram_(unit)/sRSW5RJb">g</a>/<a href="/facts/Abampere/Lq16LXyW">Bi</a>/s2, while the <a href="/facts/Oersted/dofFmg0f">oersted</a> is the unit of <a href="/facts/Magnetic_field/Ta8Ev588">H-field</a>. One <a href="/facts/Tesla_(unit)/K6I5Stn9">tesla</a> (T) corresponds to 104 gauss, and one <a href="/facts/Ampere/MScqkCgz">ampere</a> (A) per metre corresponds to 4π × 10−3 <a href="/facts/Oersted/dofFmg0f">oersted</a>. 
</p><p>The units for <a href="/facts/Magnetic_flux/jQMVxrnD">magnetic flux</a> Φ, which is the <a href="/facts/Integral/V7lyV997">integral</a> of <a href="/facts/Magnetic_field/Ta8Ev588">magnetic B-field</a> over an <a href="/facts/Area/KsNG1G9t">area</a>, are the <a href="/facts/Weber_(unit)/Jvnyx1hA">weber</a> (Wb) in the <a href="/facts/SI/NShmfzlD">SI</a> and the <a href="/facts/Maxwell_(unit)/NHVBBG0V">maxwell</a> (Mx) in the CGS-Gaussian system. The conversion factor is 108 maxwell per weber, since <a href="/facts/Flux/Aw3P5Bvb">flux</a> is the integral of field over an area, area having the units of the square of distance, thus 104 G/T (magnetic field conversion factor) times the square of 102 cm/m (linear distance conversion factor). 108 Mx/Wb = 104 G/T × (102 cm/m)2.
</p>
<h2 id="typical-values">Typical values</h2>
<p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Orders_of_magnitude_(magnetic_field)/5MxyLX8E">Orders of magnitude (magnetic field)</a></p>
<ul><li>10−9–10−8 G – the magnetic field of the human brain</li>
<li>10−6–10−3 G – the magnetic field of Galactic <a href="/facts/Molecular_clouds/5jEwCJxs">molecular clouds</a>. Typical magnetic field strengths within the interstellar medium of the <a href="/facts/Milky_Way/ulF6lccN">Milky Way</a> are ~5 μG.</li>
<li>0.25–0.60 G – the <a href="/facts/Earth%2527s_magnetic_field/73G36wmx">Earth's magnetic field</a> at its surface</li>
<li>4 G – near <a href="/facts/Jupiter/95m7XjMT">Jupiter</a>'s equator</li>
<li>25 G – the Earth's magnetic field in its <a href="/facts/Earth%2527s_outer_core/1U5pw3La">core</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li>
<li>50 G – a typical <a href="/facts/Refrigerator_magnet/4WL3E5UY">refrigerator magnet</a></li>
<li>100 G – an <a href="/facts/Iron/QK1JYy8E">iron</a> <a href="/facts/Magnet/vvrg6VSk">magnet</a></li>
<li>1500 G – within a <a href="/facts/Sun_spot/7E8cWSGl">sun spot</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li>
<li>10000 to 13000 G – <a href="/facts/Remanence/64q5LcMV">remanence</a> of a <a href="/facts/Neodymium_magnet/1LApJ5Xq">neodymium-iron-boron (NIB) magnet</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li>
<li>16000 to 22000 G – <a href="/facts/Saturation_(magnetic)/QvhGEldn">saturation</a> of high permeability iron alloys used in transformers<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li>
<li>3000–70000 G – a medical <a href="/facts/Magnetic_resonance_imaging/Vh9yG9qq">magnetic resonance imaging machine</a></li>
<li>1012–1013 G – the surface of a <a href="/facts/Neutron_star/4enfoxBA">neutron star</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li>
<li>4 × 1013 G – the <a href="/facts/Schwinger_limit/JYh6oEgI">Schwinger limit</a></li>
<li>1014 G – the magnetic field of <a href="/facts/SGR_J1745-2900/UpJdyMXn">SGR J1745-2900</a>, orbiting the supermassive black hole <a href="/facts/Sagittarius_A*/5TWIRfgm">Sgr A*</a> in the center of the Milky Way.</li>
<li>1015 G – the magnetic field of some newly created <a href="/facts/Magnetar/By90KFyJ">magnetars</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li>
<li>1017 G – the upper limit to neutron star magnetism<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Tesla_(unit)/K6I5Stn9">Tesla (unit)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Centimetre%25E2%2580%2593gram%25E2%2580%2593second_system_of_units/qbHxv78q">Centimetre–gram–second system of units</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Gaussian_units/1mtqI96c">Gaussian units</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>NIST Special Publication 1038, Section 4.3.1 <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>The International System of Units (PDF) (9th ed.), International Bureau of Weights and Measures, Dec 2022, ISBN 978-92-822-2272-0 <a href="978-92-822-2272-0" target="_blank">978-92-822-2272-0</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>International Bureau of Weights and Measures (2006), The International System of Units (SI) (PDF) (8th ed.), ISBN 92-822-2213-6, archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-04, retrieved 2021-12-16 <a href="92-822-2213-6" target="_blank">92-822-2213-6</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Buffett, Bruce A. (2010), "Tidal dissipation and the strength of the Earth's internal magnetic field", Nature, volume 468, pages 952–954, doi:10.1038/nature09643 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Hoadley, Rick. "How strong are magnets?". www.coolmagnetman.com. Retrieved 2017-01-26. <a href="http://www.coolmagnetman.com/magflux.htm" target="_blank">http://www.coolmagnetman.com/magflux.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Pyrhönen, Juha; Jokinen, Tapani; Hrabovcová, Valéria (2009). Design of Rotating Electrical Machines. John Wiley and Sons. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-470-69516-6. <a href="978-0-470-69516-6" target="_blank">978-0-470-69516-6</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Laughton, Michael A.; Warne, Douglas F., eds. (2003). "8". Electrical Engineer's Reference Book (Sixteenth ed.). Newnes. ISBN 0-7506-4637-3. <a href="0-7506-4637-3" target="_blank">0-7506-4637-3</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>"How strong are magnets?". Experiments with magnets and our surroundings. Magcraft. Retrieved 2007-12-14. <a href="http://www.coolmagnetman.com/magflux.htm" target="_blank">http://www.coolmagnetman.com/magflux.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>Duncan, Robert C. (March 2003). "Magnetars, Soft Gamma Repeaters and Very Strong Magnetic Fields". University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2007-05-23. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611144512/http://solomon.as.utexas.edu/~duncan/magnetar.html#Epilog" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070611144512/http://solomon.as.utexas.edu/~duncan/magnetar.html#Epilog</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:10"><p>Duncan, Robert C. (March 2003). "Magnetars, Soft Gamma Repeaters and Very Strong Magnetic Fields". University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original on 2007-06-11. Retrieved 2007-05-23. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611144512/http://solomon.as.utexas.edu/~duncan/magnetar.html#Epilog" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070611144512/http://solomon.as.utexas.edu/~duncan/magnetar.html#Epilog</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Gauss (unit) open-in-new

Gauss (unit)