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HIV tropism
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<h2 id="trofile-assay">Trofile assay</h2> <p>The Trofile assay is a blood test that identifies the tropism of a patient's <a href="/facts/HIV/ulY2rgzu">HIV</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> A molecular <a href="/facts/Assay/fPUYjx1I">assay</a>, Trofile was developed by <a href="/facts/Monogram_Biosciences/2euUW0uc">Monogram Biosciences</a> for use in <a href="/facts/HIV/ulY2rgzu">HIV</a> treatment. The assay's purpose is to identify the tropism of an individual patient's HIV strain – R5, X4, or a combination of these known as dual/mixed (D/M). The results show whether the patient is infected with virus that enters cells using the <a href="/facts/CCR5/Ya83LIg8">R5</a> co-receptor, the <a href="/facts/CXCR4/4v3deXHf">X4</a> co-receptor, or both (dual/mixed). Patients with strains of HIV that prefer the R5 receptor tend to remain healthy longer than those with the strains that prefer X4. However, over the course of the disease, a patient's viral population may undergo a "tropism switch" from R5 to X4. </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/hivcopred/">HIVcoPred</a> A server for prediction of HIV coreceptor usage (CCR5). <a href="http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061437">PLoS ONE 8(4): e61437</a></li> <li>Monogram Biosciences' Trofile assay: <ul><li><a href="https://monogrambio.labcorp.com/resources/tropism-assays/trofile">Monogram Biosciences' Trofile assay website</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/49493.php">Four Studies Affirm Significance Of Monogram's Trofile HIV Co-Receptor Tropism Assay</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516015350/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/49493.php">Archived</a> 2011-05-16 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> from Medical News Today, August 14, 2006</li> <li><a href="http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/64527.php">Scientific Data Highlights Pivotal Role Of Monogram's Molecular Diagnostics In Development And Use Of New HIV Treatments</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516015500/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/64527.php">Archived</a> 2011-05-16 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> from Medical News Today, March 7, 2007</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Coakley, E.; Petropoulos, C. J.; Whitcomb, J. M. (2005). "Assessing chemokine co-receptor usage in HIV". Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 18 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1097/00001432-200502000-00003. PMID 15647694. S2CID 30923492. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Berger, EA; Doms, RW; Fenyö, EM; Korber, BT; Littman, DR; Moore, JP; Sattentau, QJ; Schuitemaker, H; et al. (1998). "A new classification for HIV-1". Nature. 391 (6664): 240. Bibcode:1998Natur.391..240B. doi:10.1038/34571. PMID 9440686. S2CID 2159146. <a href="/wiki/Hanneke_Schuitemaker" target="_blank">/wiki/Hanneke_Schuitemaker</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Coakley, E.; Petropoulos, C. J.; Whitcomb, J. M. (2005). "Assessing chemokine co-receptor usage in HIV". Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 18 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1097/00001432-200502000-00003. PMID 15647694. S2CID 30923492. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Berger, EA; Doms, RW; Fenyö, EM; Korber, BT; Littman, DR; Moore, JP; Sattentau, QJ; Schuitemaker, H; et al. (1998). "A new classification for HIV-1". Nature. 391 (6664): 240. Bibcode:1998Natur.391..240B. doi:10.1038/34571. PMID 9440686. S2CID 2159146. <a href="/wiki/Hanneke_Schuitemaker" target="_blank">/wiki/Hanneke_Schuitemaker</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Coakley, E.; Petropoulos, C. J.; Whitcomb, J. M. (2005). "Assessing chemokine co-receptor usage in HIV". Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 18 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1097/00001432-200502000-00003. PMID 15647694. S2CID 30923492. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Whitcomb, JM; Huang, W; Fransen, S; et al. (2007). "Development and characterization of a novel single-cycle recombinant virus assay to determine human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor tropism". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 51 (2): 566–575. doi:10.1128/aac.00853-06. PMC 1797738. PMID 17116663. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1797738" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1797738</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>