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Simultaneum
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<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2> <h3>Belgium</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Olne/vc7P3JCB">Olne</a>, province of <a href="/facts/Li%25C3%25A8ge_(province)/D6IbEg8S">Liège</a>; a simultaneum was introduced in 1649</li></ul> <h3>France</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/B%25C3%25A9arn/MUGJkKnU">Béarn</a> - there used to be a simultaneum there between 1561–1569</li> <li><a href="/facts/Old_Saint_Peter%2527s_Church%2c_Strasbourg/BGL5uBle">Old Saint Peter's Church</a>, <a href="/facts/Strasbourg/MTdQtoPy">Strasbourg</a>, <a href="/facts/Alsace/MSXIp87H">Alsace</a>; now divided into separate Protestant and Catholic churches</li> <li><a href="/facts/Wissembourg/TyaG2Uzc">Wissembourg</a>, <a href="/facts/Alsace/MSXIp87H">Alsace</a>: there was a so-called <i>trimultaneum</i>, with a Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed congregation sharing one church</li></ul> <h3>Germany</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Altenberg_(Bergisches_Land)/Ey9RDLJF">Altenberg im Bergischen Land</a>, <a href="/facts/Altenberger_Dom/ogzrPsux">Altenberger Dom</a>, since 1857 Catholic-United simultaneum</li> <li><a href="/facts/Haldensleben/lIpwUUkC">Althaldensleben</a>, Double Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bautzen/hboV5Fb6">Bautzen</a>, <a href="/facts/Cathedral_of_St_Peter%2c_Bautzen/XMJj1BQc">St. Peter's Cathedral</a>, oldest Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum since 1524</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bechtolsheim/cLt1dUUq">Bechtolsheim</a>, Ss. Mary and Christopher, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a>, <a href="/facts/French_Church_of_Friedrichstadt/UaSvcHW3">French Church of Friedrichstadt</a>, Calvinist-United simultaneum since 1981</li> <li><a href="/facts/St._Martin%2527s_Church%2c_Biberach/WMuoEv0y">St. Martin's Church, Biberach</a>, Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Biebelsheim/Hbl7dM61">Biebelsheim</a>, St. Martin's Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Boos_(Nahe)/2CJvs188">Boos upon Nahe</a>, Simultaneum,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Brauneberg/v9Veus12">Brauneberg</a>, St. Remigius Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Braunfels/VPuLootc">Braunfels</a>, Castle Church, since 2005 a Catholic-United simultaneum</li> <li><a href="/facts/Erbendorf/HEHGD0I5">Wildenreuth</a>, St. James' Church, Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Fr%25C3%25B6ndenberg/dsft9tVB">Fröndenberg</a>, Collegiate Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Gau-Odernheim/1dp7qnkY">Gau-Odernheim</a>, St. Rufus Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Goldenstedt/8QxfsC7g">Goldenstedt</a>, in <a href="/facts/Vechta_(district)/K78fWhTV">Vechta</a>, <a href="/facts/Lower_Saxony/fWt73Hu4">Lower Saxony</a> was a <i>simultaneum</i> between 1650 and 1850.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Niedere_B%25C3%25B6rde/x9h268LG">Groß Ammensleben</a>, former Cloister Church, from 1614 until 1817 a Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum, since then a Catholic-United simultaneum</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hahn_(Hunsr%25C3%25BCck)/SqwHbbxB">Hahn im Hunsrück</a>, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hildesheim/6UHl6Frx">Hildesheim</a>, <a href="/facts/St._Michael%2527s_Church%2c_Hildesheim/XxuKCmfy">St. Michael's Church</a>, since 1542 a Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum</li> <li>Frankenhof, St. Margareth Church, Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum until the present day</li> <li>Götzendorf in <a href="/facts/Bavaria/CLbr6NIG">Bavaria</a>, St. Magdalena Church, Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Illschwang/41HdAu9m">Illschwang</a>, St. Vitus Church, Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kulmbach/5Ij2S1t1">Kulmbach</a>, the castle chapel on the <a href="/facts/Plassenburg/hDAKvsUk">Plassenburg</a>, Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mosbach/geT0dmvC">Mosbach</a>, <a href="/facts/Mosbach_Abbey/3S05r7xt">St. Juliana Collegiate Church</a>, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Neuried/crTUIXhz">Neuried-Schutterzell</a>, St. Michael's Church, a Catholic-United since 1804</li> <li><a href="/facts/Neustadt_an_der_Weinstra%25C3%259Fe/wqYFEuJx">Neustadt an der Weinstraße</a>, Collegiate Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Otterberg/gP18cuEK">Otterberg</a>, Otterberg Abbey, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Rheinberg/JD0Myt9S">Rheinberg-Ossenberg</a>, Castle Chapel, a Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ringstedt/61H2zFL4">Ringstedt</a>, St. Fabian Church, since 1706 a Reformed-Lutheran simultaneum</li> <li><a href="/facts/Rohrdorf%2c_Baden-W%25C3%25BCrttemberg/HpILeDbX">Rohrdorf in the Black Forest</a>, John's Church, a Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Saarbr%25C3%25BCcken/0PnbwXz9">Saarbrücken</a>, Church of Peace (<a href="/facts/German_language/oWaQIDA8">German</a>: <i>Friedenskirche</i>), an <a href="/facts/Old_Catholic_Church/VR03CyNQ">Old Catholic</a>-<a href="/facts/Russian_Orthodox/AHbnwM6p">Russian Orthodox</a> simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Siebeldingen/5rzgssn6">Siebeldingen</a>, St. Quintinus Church, a Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Thuine/70WIXbSl">Thuine</a>, St. George's Church, Catholic-Reformed simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Vechta/GqSLnz5U">Vechta</a>, Cloister Church (<a href="/facts/German_language/oWaQIDA8">German</a>: <i>Klosterkirche</i>), since 1818 a Catholic-Lutheran simultaneum</li> <li><a href="/facts/Wachenheim_an_der_Weinstra%25C3%259Fe/E0gyk7x0">Wachenheim an der Weinstraße</a>, St. George's Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Wetzlar/wK1IzT3r">Wetzlar</a>, former collegiate church, colloquially <a href="/facts/Wetzlar_Cathedral/PgvdG5lF">Wetzlar Cathedral</a>, since 1544–1817 a Catholic-Lutheran, from then on a Catholic-United simultaneum</li> <li><a href="/facts/Wilnsdorf/2f6lczty">Wilnsdorf-Rödgen</a>, St. John the Baptist Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Worms-Pfeddersheim/QJ3s2u9f">Worms-Pfeddersheim</a>, simultaneum, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li> <li><a href="/facts/Worms%2c_Germany/Xz3VSXwY">Worms-Rheindürkheim</a>, St. Peter Church, Catholic-United simultaneum until the present day</li></ul> <h3>Poland</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Gniezno/a0r7LzMI">Gniezno</a>, St. Michał Kozal Church, Roman Catholic and Evangelical (of the Augsburg confession) simultaneum (the church with two presbyteries)</li></ul> <h3>United Kingdom</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Arundel/fpgUYozt">Arundel</a>, St. Nicholas' Church and <a href="/facts/Fitzalan_Chapel/zPe4C8Qe">Fitzalan Chapel</a>. This consists of an Anglican parish church, with a separate Roman Catholic chapel attached, the latter being the burial place of the Dukes of Norfolk. Although these exist within a single building, it is suggested that this should not be properly considered a simultaneum, as there is no worship space which is shared, but used at different times. The two spaces are separated by an iron grille, and a glass screen, which is kept locked, except during very occasional ecumenical services. The glass screen replaces a brick wall which was erected by a Duke of Norfolk in the 19th century. It was lowered in 1956 and entirely removed in 1970.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Warrington/jXHUsNnH">Warrington</a>, The Church of the Resurrection and St. Bridget was a shared church building between the Church of England's Church of the Resurrection and the Roman Catholic's St Bridget's RC Church. The building opened in 1988 after originally being planned in 1984 when Bishop <a href="/facts/David_Sheppard/w6om0t9E">David Sheppard</a>, the Anglican Bishop of Liverpool, and Archbishop <a href="/facts/Derek_Worlock/DbY8BtDl">Derek Worlock</a>, RC Prelate of Liverpool, put forward the proposal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The worship space within the Church was shared by both communities, but Anglican and Catholic services were at different times throughout the week. The Church closed in November 2022 due to falling numbers of parishioners.</li></ul> <h3>United States</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Virginia_Beach%2c_Virginia/bdkeDxXt">Virginia Beach</a>, Church of the Holy Apostles, Roman Catholic and Anglican simultaneum<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pennsylvania/HGqC5bBm">Pennsylvania</a>; Historically, Lutheran (<a href="/facts/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America/c7CJKatr">ELCA</a>) and Reformed (<a href="/facts/United_Church_of_Christ/rkzXuEac">UCC</a>) German immigrants commonly shared churches, particularly in the <a href="/facts/Pennsylvania_Dutch_Country/zYfYF7I4">Pennsylvania Dutch Country</a> region, although some congregations have since built their own separate churches.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="holy-land-church-sharing">Holy Land church-sharing</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Status_quo_(Holy_Land_sites)/CAHwWBoU">Status quo (Holy Land sites)</a></p> <p>The main traditional pilgrim churches of Jerusalem and Bethlehem are shared between several denominations. The regulatory work is known as the "Status quo", a type of church-sharing which is in no way related to the West European Protestant-Catholic sharing system described here (the "simultaneum").[<i>who?</i>] </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre/ffdbFYF4">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, <a href="/facts/Jerusalem/PKJ8LT0Y">Jerusalem</a> - Greek Orthodox-Eastern Orthodox-Oriental Orthodox-Catholic simultaneum until the present day[<i>dubious – discuss</i>]</li> <li><a href="/facts/Church_of_the_Nativity/KCR57vPD">Church of the Nativity</a> in <a href="/facts/Bethlehem/2X2sxNCr">Bethlehem</a>[<i>dubious – discuss</i>]</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ecumenism/1Yyzv1zM">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Local_ecumenical_partnership/uKcsLRQ6">Local ecumenical partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Interfaith_worship_spaces/EWjLzsmb">Interfaith worship spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Multifaith_space/Y0LUSkys">Multifaith space</a></li></ul> <ul><li>HighBeam Research, dictionary definition: simultaneum <a href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O95-simultaneum.html">[1]</a>[<i>dead link</i>]</li> <li>Wiki-Protestants.org, <i>Simultaneum</i> (French language) <a href="http://wiki-protestants.org/wiki/Simultaneum">[2]</a></li> <li>Musée virtuel du Protestantisme, "Le Simultaneum" (French language): "Le simultaneum résulte de l'histoire alsacienne. Il s'agit d'un édifice cultuel utilisé simultanément par les deux confessions catholique et protestante." <a href="http://www.museeprotestant.org/Pages/Notices.php?Lget=FR&cim=778&lev=2¬iceid=892&scatid=25">[3]</a></li> <li><i>[The] Rhein and Laeng of Herrliesheim: Brief History of Alsace-Lorraine</i> <a href="http://www.rheinandlaeng.net/brief.html">[4]</a></li> <li>Bernhard Brockmann, <i>Simultaneum in Goldenstedt</i> <a href="http://www.geest-verlag.de/node/2986">[5]</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://novenanews.com/catholic-protestant-germany-ecumenical-congregation/">Catholic-Protestant community in Germany making "ecumenical congregations" a reality - Novena News</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe, Harvard University Press, 2007, Chapter 8, pp. 198. ff. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe, Harvard University Press, 2007, Chapter 8, pp. 198. ff. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe, Harvard University Press, 2007, Chapter 8, pp. 198. ff. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Simultaneum in Boos (Nahe)[permanent dead link] <a href="http://www.main-rheiner.de/region/objekt.php3?artikel_id=3569353" target="_blank">http://www.main-rheiner.de/region/objekt.php3?artikel_id=3569353</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Boos (Nahe), photos of the simultaneum <a href="http://www.boos-nahe.de/58.html" target="_blank">http://www.boos-nahe.de/58.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"St Nicholas' Church Arundel - a brief history" (undated, apparently published by the Vicar and Churchwardens) <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Unique "shared" church to close next month". 21 October 2022. <a href="https://www.warrington-worldwide.co.uk/2022/10/21/unique-shared-church-to-close-next-month/" target="_blank">https://www.warrington-worldwide.co.uk/2022/10/21/unique-shared-church-to-close-next-month/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Two Altars, One Mass: Catholics and Episcopalians worship together in a unique church". TIME. Vol. 117. 1981. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/TIME" target="_blank">/wiki/TIME</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"The Union Church: A Case of Lutheran and Reformed Cooperation". <a href="https://www.ucc.org/about-us_hidden-histories-2_the-union-church-a-case-of/" target="_blank">https://www.ucc.org/about-us_hidden-histories-2_the-union-church-a-case-of/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>