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Firaxis Games
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Firaxis Software was founded on May 1, 1996,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> by <a href="/facts/Sid_Meier/M7nUTSxK">Sid Meier</a>, <a href="/facts/Brian_Reynolds_(game_designer)/IrjJagKf">Brian Reynolds</a> and <a href="/facts/Jeff_Briggs/PgD8tLAF">Jeff Briggs</a>, three <a href="/facts/Video_game_designer/WtMVx2lq">video game designers</a> formerly employed by <a href="/facts/MicroProse/PfVMUsIV">MicroProse</a>, a video game venture founded by Meier and partner <a href="/facts/Bill_Stealey/9AgvrTaU">Bill Stealey</a> in 1982.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The name "Firaxis", a <a href="/facts/Portmanteau/d124JEbz">portmanteau</a> of "fiery" and "axis", was derived from the name of a piece of music created by Briggs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Briggs explained that they decided to stay in the <a href="/facts/Baltimore_metropolitan_area/X9abxn19">Baltimore area</a>, rather than moving to <a href="/facts/Silicon_Valley/gdot9J7e">Silicon Valley</a>, because it was "just a great place to be".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>Unlike MicroProse, Firaxis Software aimed at being a "design house", leaving manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of their games to outside contractors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> As such, the company talked to six potential <a href="/facts/Video_game_publisher/VIhF1r4J">video game publishers</a> for their games,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> and finally signed an agreement with <a href="/facts/Electronic_Arts/fy7Ppdem">Electronic Arts</a>, through which their games would be distributed under Electronic Arts' <a href="/facts/Origin_Systems/J5EoyA3I">Origin Systems</a> label.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>The studio's opening was announced on June 24, 1996.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Firaxis Software was originally located in a 2,500-square-foot office on Gilroy Road in <a href="/facts/Hunt_Valley%2c_Maryland/G9mpEJR4">Hunt Valley, Maryland</a>, temporarily sharing office space.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> To accommodate their growth, in February 1997, they announced that they were moving their corporate headquarters to a 7,200-square-foot office suite in Executive Plaza III, an office building at 11350 McCormick Road and part of the Hunt Valley Business Community.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> The deal, assisted by broker William W. Whitty Jr. of MacKenzie/O'Conor, Piper & Flynn Commercial Real Estate Services, was expected to be completed by March that year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> The company had 13 employees at the time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p><p>Firaxis Software announced their first title, <i><a href="/facts/Sid_Meier%2527s_Gettysburg!/763vjBDb">Sid Meier's Gettysburg!</a></i>, in June 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Interimly, on July 24, 1997, the company was legally renamed Firaxis Games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> Electronic Arts announced they had acquired a <a href="/facts/Minority_interest/rEvdXKcI">minority interest</a> in Firaxis Games, at undisclosed terms, in August 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> By September 1997, Firaxis Games signed <a href="/facts/Life_insurance/WEtqgGoj">life insurances</a> for its three founders.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> <i>Gettysburg!</i> was released in October 1997 to critical and commercial success, scoring near-perfect reviews from critics,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> and selling 200,000 copies by August 1999.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Starting with <i>Gettysburg!</i>, Firaxis Games prefixed all games designed by Meier with "<i>Sid Meier's</i>", a trend the three founders carried over from MicroProse, as they believed that Meier's name added more recognizability to their games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> For his works on many MicroProse games, as well as <i>Gettysburg!</i> and Firaxis Games' second title, <i><a href="/facts/Sid_Meier%2527s_Alpha_Centauri/S0YFUmyq">Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri</a></i>, Meier became the second-ever person in the <a href="/facts/Academy_of_Interactive_Arts_%2526_Sciences/lKYgW59L">Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences</a>'s Hall of Fame, following <a href="/facts/Shigeru_Miyamoto/xYoBgNnb">Shigeru Miyamoto</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> Co-founder Reynolds left Firaxis Games to pursue his personal interests in February 2000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> To compensate his departure, the company started hiring various industry veterans by March 2000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> For his executive engagement at Firaxis Games, co-founder and <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a> Briggs was named "CEO of the Year" by <i>Smart CEO Magazine</i> in October 2004.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> Briggs later left the company in November 2006, and was succeeded by Steve Martin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> Also for his executive work at Firaxis Games, Martin was awarded the "Maryland International Business Leadership Award" by the <a href="/facts/World_Trade_Center_Institute/DPE7E8eY">World Trade Center Institute</a> in March 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p>In November 2004, <a href="/facts/Infogrames/HhLc12L2">Infogrames</a>, at the time owner of the <i>Civilization</i> franchise and parent to the series' publisher, sold all <a href="/facts/Intellectual_property/PqHW9mVP">intellectual property</a> (IP) to an undisclosed buyer for <a href="/facts/United_States_dollar/naEEDUhC">US$</a>22.3 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> The buyer was announced to be <a href="/facts/Take-Two_Interactive/j7GR2lIr">Take-Two Interactive</a> on January 26, 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> The publisher announced that the franchise would be managed by their <a href="/facts/2K_(company)/N4hE8Kg7">2K</a> label, which was founded the day before, and that Firaxis Games would stay in charge of the series' development.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> In March 2005, NDL announced a partnership with Firaxis Games, wherein their <a href="/facts/Gamebryo/PS16NnC2">Gamebryo</a> engine would be used for the development of <i><a href="/facts/Civilization_IV/n9QapXdX">Civilization IV</a></i>, which was to be released later that year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> On November 7, 2005, Take-Two Interactive announced that they had acquired Firaxis Games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> Through the deal, Firaxis Games became part of 2K, although its present management and development plans would stay intact.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> Meier and Briggs both expressed that the acquisition saw a great opportunity for Firaxis Games in terms of creative development and marketing capabilities, and were fortunate to have re-gained full control over the <i>Civilization</i> franchise.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> In April 2007, <a href="/facts/Soren_Johnson/szdorGaa">Soren Johnson</a>, lead designer on <i>Civilization IV</i>, left the company to move to <a href="/facts/Maxis/B6tdv7c2">Maxis</a> and work on <i><a href="/facts/Spore_(2008_video_game)/ELCcHo0b">Spore</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> Similarly, <i><a href="/facts/Civilization_V/BbsV2T6P">Civilization V</a></i>'s lead designer <a href="/facts/Jon_Shafer/c05SJkfI">Jon Shafer</a> departed following the game's release, in December 2010.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p><p>In August 2014, Firaxis Games announced Firaxicon, a convention dedicated to Firaxis games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> The event was held from September 27 to 28, 2014, at a hotel in Hunt Valley, and included <a href="/facts/Meet_and_greet/mQJUIuWQ">meet and greets</a> with the company's staff, a presentation titled "An Evening with Sid Meier", and early <a href="/facts/Playtest/Uze2tezE">playtests</a> of <i><a href="/facts/Civilization%3a_Beyond_Earth/xpvBIvhd">Civilization: Beyond Earth</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> A tour of Firaxis Games' offices was also held at the event.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> The event was renewed for a second edition in July 2015, and held on October 3, 2015, at the <a href="/facts/Baltimore_Convention_Center/y1RwpJFE">Baltimore Convention Center</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> Events were similar to that of the 2014 event, with <i><a href="/facts/XCOM_2/UDweXSTo">XCOM 2</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Civilization%3a_Beyond_Earth_%25E2%2580%2593_Rising_Tide/76wzECN2">Civilization: Beyond Earth – Rising Tide</a></i> up for early testing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> </p><p>By December 2015, Firaxis Games expanded their Sparks headquarters, which they moved to in 2009, to 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2), and employed 40 new staff, totaling to 180 employees present at the company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> In June 2016, at the <a href="/facts/Games_for_Change/6RK2NcwX">Games for Change</a> festival, Firaxis Games announced that they had partnered with GlassLab to develop <i>CivilizationEDU</i>, an educational derivative of <i>Civilization V</i> optimized for classrooms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> On July 23, 2018, David Ismailer of 2K confirmed that Firaxis Games was working on a new IP.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> </p><p>On February 17, 2023, it was announced that <a href="/facts/Marvel%2527s_Midnight_Suns/uH4fT6w0">Midnight Suns</a> creative director Jake Solomon and longtime Firaxis boss Steve Martin were exiting the company. COO Heather Hazen was promoted to replace Martin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> On May 30, 30 employees were laid off from Firaxis as part of cost-saving measures implemented by parent company Take-Two Interactive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="games-developed">Games developed</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/List_of_games_by_Firaxis_Games/69ysnqhJ">List of games by Firaxis Games</a></p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Gamespot Staff (December 15, 2004). <a href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/an-interview-with-brian-reynolds/1100-2564268/">"An Interview with Brian Reynolds"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/GameSpot/nknHJf2D">GameSpot</a></i>.</li> <li>Donlan, Christian (July 6, 2014). <a href="https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2014-07-06-the-grand-strategies-of-firaxis">"The grand strategies of Firaxis"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Eurogamer/DjDbSqEj">Eurogamer</a></i>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://firaxis.com/">Official website</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"FIRAXIS GAMES, INC.: D04399861". Maryland Business Express. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://egov.maryland.gov/BusinessExpress/EntitySearch/BusinessInformation/D04399861" target="_blank">https://egov.maryland.gov/BusinessExpress/EntitySearch/BusinessInformation/D04399861</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Ey, Craig S. (June 24, 1996). "Designer starts new game firm". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on April 15, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Keefer, John (March 31, 2006). "GameSpy Retro: Developer Origins, Page 2 of 19". GameSpy. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609133045/http://www.gamespy.com/articles/697/697083p2.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070609133045/http://www.gamespy.com/articles/697/697083p2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"In Hunt Valley, games are a serious business". The Business Journals. April 28, 1997. Archived from the original on July 8, 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/04/28/editorial2.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/04/28/editorial2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Ey, Craig S. (June 24, 1996). "Designer starts new game firm". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on April 15, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Games Are Going to Take Over the World". Next Generation. No. 31. Imagine Media. July 1997. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" target="_blank">/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Mullaney, Timothy J. (June 23, 1997). "A young business with a game plan Firaxis: The year-old company just unveiled its first product and expects in a year 'have two successful products on the market and be working on the next two.'". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/06/23/a-young-business-with-a-game-plan-firaxis-the-year-old-company-just-unveiled-its-first-product-and-expects-in-a-year-have-two-successful-products-on-the-market-and-be-working-on-the-next-two/" target="_blank">https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/06/23/a-young-business-with-a-game-plan-firaxis-the-year-old-company-just-unveiled-its-first-product-and-expects-in-a-year-have-two-successful-products-on-the-market-and-be-working-on-the-next-two/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ey, Craig S. (June 24, 1996). "Designer starts new game firm". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on April 15, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Noer, Michael (July 25, 1997). "Sid starts up. Again". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/1997/07/25/sid.html" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/1997/07/25/sid.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Ey, Craig S. (February 17, 1997). "Game maker opening new HQ in Hunt Valley". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on November 28, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Ey, Craig S. (June 24, 1996). "Designer starts new game firm". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on April 15, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1996/06/24/story1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Ey, Craig S. (February 17, 1997). "Game maker opening new HQ in Hunt Valley". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on November 28, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Ey, Craig S. (February 17, 1997). "Game maker opening new HQ in Hunt Valley". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on November 28, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Ey, Craig S. (February 17, 1997). "Game maker opening new HQ in Hunt Valley". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on November 28, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Ey, Craig S. (February 17, 1997). "Game maker opening new HQ in Hunt Valley". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on November 28, 2003. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/02/17/story8.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Mullaney, Timothy J. (June 23, 1997). "A young business with a game plan Firaxis: The year-old company just unveiled its first product and expects in a year 'have two successful products on the market and be working on the next two.'". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/06/23/a-young-business-with-a-game-plan-firaxis-the-year-old-company-just-unveiled-its-first-product-and-expects-in-a-year-have-two-successful-products-on-the-market-and-be-working-on-the-next-two/" target="_blank">https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/06/23/a-young-business-with-a-game-plan-firaxis-the-year-old-company-just-unveiled-its-first-product-and-expects-in-a-year-have-two-successful-products-on-the-market-and-be-working-on-the-next-two/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"FIRAXIS GAMES, INC.: D04399861". Maryland Business Express. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://egov.maryland.gov/BusinessExpress/EntitySearch/BusinessInformation/D04399861" target="_blank">https://egov.maryland.gov/BusinessExpress/EntitySearch/BusinessInformation/D04399861</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Ey, Craig S. (September 1, 1997). "Valley of the games". The Business Journals. Archived from the original on July 1, 2004. Retrieved February 11, 2018. <a href="https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/09/01/story3.html" target="_blank">https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/1997/09/01/story3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"COMPANY BRIEFS". The New York Times. August 22, 1996. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. 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