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Quercus coccifera
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<h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p><i>Quercus coccifera</i> is usually a <a href="/facts/Shrub/X1gKVxL5">shrub</a> less than 2 metres (6+1⁄2 feet) high, rarely a small <a href="/facts/Tree/HVVn3srN">tree</a>, reaching 1–6 metres (3+1⁄2–19+1⁄2 ft) tall (with 10 m or 33 ft specimens recorded in Kouf, Libya).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2> <h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <h3><i>Quercus coccifera</i></h3> <p><i>Quercus coccifera</i> was first described by <a href="/facts/Carl_Linnaeus/gy5HWkHS">Carl Linnaeus</a> in 1753.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> It is called "chêne des garrigues" (garrigue oak) in French. The term "garrigue" comes from Catalan or Occitan "garric" (meaning "twisted") the name for <i>Q. coccifera</i> in those languages. The common Spanish name of <i>Q. coccifera</i> is <i>chaparro</i>, which refers to its small size, a feature it shares with other oak species in similar habitats in other parts of the world, such as the <a href="/facts/Chaparral/vszyaQlg">chaparral</a> communities from various parts of the Americas. The word <i>chaparro</i> comes from the <a href="/facts/Basque_language/rEMpH97p">Basque</a> <i>txapar</i> meaning "little thicket".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> <i>Quercus coccifera</i> is placed in <a href="/facts/Quercus_sect._Ilex/twkKeMUG">section <i>Ilex</i></a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h3><i>Quercus calliprinos</i></h3> <p>As of February 2023<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quercus_coccifera&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/facts/Plants_of_the_World_Online/2m4CsqY0">Plants of the World Online</a> regards it as a <a href="/facts/Synonym_(taxonomy)/BHLdox7E">synonym</a> of <i>Quercus coccifera</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> but this is widely disputed, with many authors, particularly in the eastern Mediterranean, considering it distinct at least at <a href="/facts/Subspecies/4L9jFacF">subspecies</a> rank, if not as a species.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="conservation">Conservation</h2> <p>It is included as an endangered species in the Red Book of <a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus coccifera. <ul><li><a href="/facts/Mediterranean_forests%2c_woodlands%2c_and_scrub/CKWbzGqF">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Kermes_(dye)/c1VeElIp">Kermes (dye)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Are Quercus calliprinos and Q. coccifera the Same or Distinct Species?". International Oak Society. 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2024-11-11. <a href="https://www.internationaloaksociety.org/content/are-quercus-calliprinos-and-q-coccifera-same-or-distinct-species" target="_blank">https://www.internationaloaksociety.org/content/are-quercus-calliprinos-and-q-coccifera-same-or-distinct-species</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.), "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns" (PDF), Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L., Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2, ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5, retrieved 2022-11-16 <a href="978-3-319-69099-5" target="_blank">978-3-319-69099-5</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Quercus coccifera L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21. <a href="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295963-1" target="_blank">http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295963-1</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Young, Frank N. Jr; Kritsky, Gene (2002). A Survey of Entomology. San Jose: Writers Club Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-595-22143-2. <a href="0-595-22143-2" target="_blank">0-595-22143-2</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Cochineal". <a href="http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cochineal" target="_blank">http://www.thefreedictionary.com/cochineal</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Important bird areas fact sheet: Jabal al Akhdar". BirdLife International. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2013-06-22. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222002630/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6471" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140222002630/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6471</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Quercus coccifera L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21. <a href="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295963-1" target="_blank">http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295963-1</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"chaparral". Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper. Retrieved 2013-06-22. <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=chaparral&searchmode=none" target="_blank">http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=chaparral&searchmode=none</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017). "Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks" (xls). figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5547622.v1. Retrieved 2023-02-18. <a href="https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1" target="_blank">https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Appendix_2_1_________An_updated_infrageneric_classification_of_the_oaks/5547622/1</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Quercus coccifera L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21. <a href="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295963-1" target="_blank">http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295963-1</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Are Quercus calliprinos and Q. coccifera the Same or Distinct Species?". International Oak Society. 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2024-11-11. <a href="https://www.internationaloaksociety.org/content/are-quercus-calliprinos-and-q-coccifera-same-or-distinct-species" target="_blank">https://www.internationaloaksociety.org/content/are-quercus-calliprinos-and-q-coccifera-same-or-distinct-species</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Quercus coccifera". Red Book of Bulgaria, vol. 1. Retrieved 19 January 2017. <a href="http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/en/vol1/Quecocci.html" target="_blank">http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/en/vol1/Quecocci.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>