Nikolai Bugaev

<h2 id="early-life-and-education">Early life and education</h2>
<p>Bugaev was born in <a href="/facts/Georgia_within_the_Russian_Empire/BIRzfcAh">Georgia</a>, <a href="/facts/Russian_Empire/hg1g5SpV">Russian Empire</a> into a somewhat unstable family (his father was an army doctor), and at the age of ten young Nikolai was sent to <a href="/facts/Moscow/XUU6VkdY">Moscow</a> to find his own means of obtaining an education. He graduated in 1859 from <a href="/facts/Moscow_University/xHPG4oau">Moscow University</a>, where he majored in <a href="/facts/Mathematics/pxTouaz4">mathematics</a> and <a href="/facts/Physics/a7aH2y08">physics</a>.
</p><p>Bugaev then studied <a href="/facts/Engineering/RFVg8H3I">engineering</a> and then wrote a master's thesis in 1863 on the <a href="/facts/Convergent_series/DTok170z">convergence</a> of <a href="/facts/Infinite_series/yDnlsgIe">infinite series</a>.  This document was considered sufficiently impressive to win him a place studying under <a href="/facts/Karl_Weierstrass/4U8vdQzL">Karl Weierstrass</a> and <a href="/facts/Ernst_Kummer/dGnaTQyG">Ernst Kummer</a> in <a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a>. He also spent some time in <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a> studying under <a href="/facts/Joseph_Liouville/U22o7wtK">Joseph Liouville</a>. He earned his doctoral degree in 1866.
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<h2 id="career">Career</h2>
<p>After his doctoral degree, Bugaev returned to Moscow and taught there for the remainder of his career. Some of his most influential papers offered proofs of previously unproven assertions of Liouville, but his most original work centered around the development of formal analogies between <a href="/facts/Arithmetic/hvHwkbMV">arithmetic</a> and <a href="/facts/Analytic_number_theory/mrHbWwrx">analytic</a> operations.
</p><p>Bugaev was an active member and president (1891-1903) of the <a href="/facts/Moscow_Mathematical_Society/U5xzsPcr">Moscow Mathematical Society</a>. He also wrote influential philosophical essays in which he trumpeted the virtues of <a href="/facts/Mathematical_analysis/XXeR26Ih">mathematical analysis</a> and decried the influence of <a href="/facts/Geometry/wTQf5ffQ">geometry</a> and <a href="/facts/Probability/fgYvMhwb">probability</a>.  Many[<i>who?</i>] feel he is largely responsible for the pronounced predilection towards "hard analysis" which is characteristic of so much of the best Russian mathematics. Through Bugaev's star student, <a href="/facts/Dmitri_Egorov/memqyNxE">Dmitri Egorov</a>, many famous Russian mathematicians, such as <a href="/facts/Andrei_Kolmogorov/bEKwtrs6">Andrei Kolmogorov</a> and <a href="/facts/Nikolai_Luzin/PhrCxp63">Nikolai Luzin</a>, directly "descend" from Bugaev—and thus from the Prince of Mathematicians, <a href="/facts/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss/f4eSMBD7">Carl Friedrich Gauss</a>.
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<h2 id="personal-life">Personal life</h2>
<p>Bugaev was a talented <a href="/facts/Chess/47ykvkHF">chess</a> player. He defeated <a href="/facts/Wilhelm_Steinitz/zdTzWqRV">William Steinitz</a> in 1896 in a Simul.
</p><p>Bugaev was a memorable "character" whose life was touched by scandal.  He was not, it is said, much admired for his looks, but his wife was considered brilliant, beautiful, and rich, and the Bugaevs were socially prominent. Their mathematically, musically, and artistically talented son, <i>Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev</i> (14 October 1880 O.S.-8 January 1934), went on to adopt the pseudonym <a href="/facts/Andrei_Bely/P8RNVrVI">Andrei Bely</a>, under which name he helped found the <a href="/facts/Russian_Symbolist_movement/JeYFs89B">Symbolist movement</a>. Professor Korobkin, the main character of Bely's innovative novel <i>Moscow</i>, was inspired by Nikolai Bugaev. In view of his father's prejudices, Boris Bugaev was fascinated by probability and particularly by the notion of <a href="/facts/Entropy/s52IXeFz">entropy</a>, which is mentioned in several of his novels and poems.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nikolai Bugaev.

<ul><li><a href="http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=24101">"Nicolai Vasilievich Bugaev"</a>. <i>The Mathematics Genealogy Project</i>. American Mathematical Society. Retrieved August 13, 2005.</li>
<li>O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E.F. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060211144532/http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bugaev.html">"Nicolai Vasilievich Bugaev"</a>. <i>MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</i>. Archived from <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bugaev.html">the original</a> on February 11, 2006. Retrieved August 13, 2005.</li>
<li>Steinberg, Ada (1982). <i>Word and music in the novels of Andrey Bely</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-521-23731-9.</li></ul>

<h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2>
<ul><li>A. Andreev, D. Tsygankov, ed. (2010). <i>Imperial Moscow University: 1755-1917: encyclopedic dictionary</i>. Moscow: Russian political encyclopedia (ROSSPEN). pp. 99–100. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-5-8243-1429-8.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050906132820/http://www.algonet.se/~marek/orangutan-people.htm">Bugaev's chess games</a></li></ul>

Nikolai Bugaev open-in-new

Nikolai Bugaev