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RAD51L1
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<h2 id="function">Function</h2> <p>The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are evolutionarily conserved proteins essential for DNA repair by homologous recombination. This protein has been shown to form a stable heterodimer with the family member RAD51C, which further interacts with the other family members, such as RAD51, XRCC2, and XRCC3. Overexpression of this gene was found to cause cell cycle G1 delay and cell apoptosis, which suggested a role of this protein in sensing DNA damage. At least three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>RAD51L1 is employed in the repair of <a href="/facts/DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)/CjGTLKGl">DNA double-strand breaks</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Different <a href="/facts/Polymorphism_(biology)/lf32kgfV">polymorphisms</a> of the RAD51L1 gene modulate sensitivity to <a href="/facts/Gamma_ray/5Drf913J">gamma rays</a> and also <a href="/facts/Glioma/I2gN3x11">glioma</a> risk.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="interactions">Interactions</h2> <p>RAD51L1 has been shown to <a href="/facts/Protein-protein_interaction/etvm9Wmg">interact</a> with <a href="/facts/RAD51C/f3tKLJFC">RAD51C</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Dreikorn K, Röhl L (1974). "Preservation and transplantation of human cadaver kidneys. Experiences with the Gamgro perfusion unit". <i>Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol</i>. 8 (1): 19–26. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3109%2F00365597409132812">10.3109/00365597409132812</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4595808">4595808</a>.</li> <li>Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1996). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.6.9.791">"Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery"</a>. <i>Genome Res</i>. 6 (9): 791–806. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.6.9.791">10.1101/gr.6.9.791</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8889548">8889548</a>.</li> <li>Albala JS, Thelen MP, Prange C, Fan W, Christensen M, Thompson LH, Lennon GG (1997). "Identification of a novel human RAD51 homolog, RAD51B". <i>Genomics</i>. 46 (3): 476–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1997.5062">10.1006/geno.1997.5062</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9441753">9441753</a>.</li> <li>Cartwright R, Dunn AM, Simpson PJ, Tambini CE, Thacker J (1998). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC147465">"Isolation of novel human and mouse genes of the recA/RAD51 recombination-repair gene family"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Res</i>. 26 (7): 1653–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F26.7.1653">10.1093/nar/26.7.1653</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC147465">147465</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9512535">9512535</a>.</li> <li>Havre PA, Rice MC, Noe M, Kmiec EB (1998). "The human REC2/RAD51B gene acts as a DNA damage sensor by inducing G1 delay and hypersensitivity to ultraviolet irradiation". <i>Cancer Res</i>. 58 (20): 4733–9. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9788630">9788630</a>.</li> <li>Peng L, Rice MC, Kmiec EB (1998). "Analysis of the human RAD51L1 promoter region and its activation by UV light". <i>Genomics</i>. 54 (3): 529–41. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1998.5536">10.1006/geno.1998.5536</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9878257">9878257</a>.</li> <li>Schoenmakers EF, Huysmans C, Van de Ven WJ (1999). "Allelic knockout of novel splice variants of human recombination repair gene RAD51B in t(12;14) uterine leiomyomas". <i>Cancer Res</i>. 59 (1): 19–23. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9892177">9892177</a>.</li> <li>Ingraham SE, Lynch RA, Kathiresan S, Buckler AJ, Menon AG (1999). "hREC2, a RAD51-like gene, is disrupted by t(12;14) (q15;q24.1) in a uterine leiomyoma". <i>Cancer Genet. Cytogenet</i>. 115 (1): 56–61. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0165-4608%2899%2900070-9">10.1016/S0165-4608(99)00070-9</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10565301">10565301</a>.</li> <li>Takata M, Sasaki MS, Sonoda E, Fukushima T, Morrison C, Albala JS, Swagemakers SM, Kanaar R, Thompson LH, Takeda S (2000). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86122">"The Rad51 paralog Rad51B promotes homologous recombinational repair"</a>. <i>Mol. Cell. Biol</i>. 20 (17): 6476–82. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.20.17.6476-6482.2000">10.1128/MCB.20.17.6476-6482.2000</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86122">86122</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10938124">10938124</a>.</li> <li>Masson JY, Tarsounas MC, Stasiak AZ, Stasiak A, Shah R, McIlwraith MJ, Benson FE, West SC (2001). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC312846">"Identification and purification of two distinct complexes containing the five RAD51 paralogs"</a>. <i>Genes Dev</i>. 15 (24): 3296–307. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.947001">10.1101/gad.947001</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC312846">312846</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11751635">11751635</a>.</li> <li>Wiese C, Collins DW, Albala JS, Thompson LH, Kronenberg A, Schild D (2002). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100332">"Interactions involving the Rad51 paralogs Rad51C and XRCC3 in human cells"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Res</i>. 30 (4): 1001–8. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F30.4.1001">10.1093/nar/30.4.1001</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100332">100332</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11842112">11842112</a>.</li> <li>Liu N, Schild D, Thelen MP, Thompson LH (2002). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100342">"Involvement of Rad51C in two distinct protein complexes of Rad51 paralogs in human cells"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Res</i>. 30 (4): 1009–15. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2F30.4.1009">10.1093/nar/30.4.1009</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC100342">100342</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11842113">11842113</a>.</li> <li>Blank C, Schoenmakers EF, Rogalla P, Huys EH, van Rijk AA, Drieschner N, Bullerdiek J (2001). "Intragenic breakpoint within RAD51L1 in a t(6;14)(p21.3;q24) of a pulmonary chondroid hamartoma". <i>Cytogenet. Cell Genet</i>. 95 (1–2): 17–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000057011">10.1159/000057011</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11978964">11978964</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6715664">6715664</a>.</li> <li>Godthelp BC, Artwert F, Joenje H, Zdzienicka MZ (2002). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1205656">"Impaired DNA damage-induced nuclear Rad51 foci formation uniquely characterizes Fanconi anemia group D1"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. 21 (32): 5002–5. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1205656">10.1038/sj.onc.1205656</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12118380">12118380</a>.</li> <li>Lio YC, Mazin AV, Kowalczykowski SC, Chen DJ (2003). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M211038200">"Complex formation by the human Rad51B and Rad51C DNA repair proteins and their activities in vitro"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. 278 (4): 2469–78. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M211038200">10.1074/jbc.M211038200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12427746">12427746</a>.</li> <li>Yokoyama H, Kurumizaka H, Ikawa S, Yokoyama S, Shibata T (2003). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M210899200">"Holliday junction binding activity of the human Rad51B protein"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. 278 (4): 2767–72. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M210899200">10.1074/jbc.M210899200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12441335">12441335</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Rapp UR, Marshall TH (1980). "Cell surface receptors for endogenous mouse type C viral glycoproteins and epidermal growth factor: tissue distribution in vivo and possible participation in specific cell-cell interaction". J. Supramol. Struct. 14 (3): 343–52. doi:10.1002/jss.400140308. PMID 6261043. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Rice MC, Smith ST, Bullrich F, Havre P, Kmiec EB (August 1997). "Isolation of human and mouse genes based on homology to REC2, a recombinational repair gene from the fungus Ustilago maydis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (14): 7417–22. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.7417R. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.14.7417. PMC 23836. PMID 9207106. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC23836" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC23836</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Entrez Gene: RAD51L1 RAD51-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5890" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5890</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Entrez Gene: RAD51L1 RAD51-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5890" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5890</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Liu Y, Shete S, Wang LE, El-Zein R, Etzel CJ, Liang FW, Armstrong G, Tsavachidis S, Gilbert MR, Aldape KD, Xing J, Wu X, Wei Q, Bondy ML (October 2010). "Gamma-radiation sensitivity and polymorphisms in RAD51L1 modulate glioma risk". Carcinogenesis. 31 (10): 1762–9. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgq141. PMC 2981459. PMID 20610542. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981459" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981459</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Liu Y, Shete S, Wang LE, El-Zein R, Etzel CJ, Liang FW, Armstrong G, Tsavachidis S, Gilbert MR, Aldape KD, Xing J, Wu X, Wei Q, Bondy ML (October 2010). "Gamma-radiation sensitivity and polymorphisms in RAD51L1 modulate glioma risk". Carcinogenesis. 31 (10): 1762–9. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgq141. PMC 2981459. PMID 20610542. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981459" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981459</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hussain S, Wilson JB, Medhurst AL, Hejna J, Witt E, Ananth S, Davies A, Masson JY, Moses R, West SC, de Winter JP, Ashworth A, Jones NJ, Mathew CG (June 2004). "Direct interaction of FANCD2 with BRCA2 in DNA damage response pathways". Hum. Mol. Genet. 13 (12): 1241–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh135. PMID 15115758. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddh135" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddh135</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Sigurdsson S, Van Komen S, Bussen W, Schild D, Albala JS, Sung P (Dec 2001). "Mediator function of the human Rad51B-Rad51C complex in Rad51/RPA-catalyzed DNA strand exchange". Genes Dev. 15 (24): 3308–18. doi:10.1101/gad.935501. PMC 312844. PMID 11751636. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC312844" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC312844</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Miller KA, Yoshikawa DM, McConnell IR, Clark R, Schild D, Albala JS (March 2002). "RAD51C interacts with RAD51B and is central to a larger protein complex in vivo exclusive of RAD51". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8406–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108306200. PMID 11744692. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M108306200" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M108306200</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>