Keith Ellison

<h2 id="early-life-education-and-career">Early life, education, and career</h2>
Keith Ellison, the third of five sons, was raised <a href="/facts/Catholic/YpnKqaEL">Catholic</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> in <a href="/facts/Detroit/S84s4PGo">Detroit, Michigan</a>, by his parents, Leonard Ellison, a psychiatrist and Clida (Martinez) Ellison, a social worker.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> Ellison and three of his brothers became lawyers; his other brother became a doctor. One of Ellison's brothers is also the pastor of "Church of the New Covenant Baptist" in Detroit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> Ellison's youth was influenced by the involvement of his family in the <a href="/facts/Civil_rights_movement/llwscvvR">civil rights movement</a>, including his grandfather's work as a member of the <a href="/facts/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People/gXSqUxTo">NAACP</a> in <a href="/facts/Louisiana/2GvfFcKE">Louisiana</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>
Ellison graduated in 1981 from the <a href="/facts/University_of_Detroit_Jesuit_High_School_and_Academy/8pS5g5I7">University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy</a>, where he was active in sports and a senator in the student government.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> At age 19, while attending <a href="/facts/Wayne_State_University/DI8huwcr">Wayne State University</a>, Ellison converted from Catholicism to <a href="/facts/Islam/zDLbL45C">Islam</a>, later explaining: "I can't claim that I was the most observant Catholic at the time. I had begun to really look around and ask myself about the social circumstances of the country, issues of justice, issues of change. When I looked at my spiritual life, and I looked at what might inform social change, justice in society ... I found Islam."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> After graduating with a <a href="/facts/Bachelor_of_Arts/2pa1nwfR">Bachelor of Arts</a> in <a href="/facts/Economics/HYctA2Dn">economics</a> in 1986,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> Ellison married his high-school sweetheart<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> and moved to <a href="/facts/Minneapolis/gEsXsP3d">Minneapolis</a> to attend the <a href="/facts/University_of_Minnesota_Law_School/xfhz0J1d">University of Minnesota Law School</a>. He graduated with a <a href="/facts/Juris_Doctor/IcnGQNTB">Juris Doctor</a> in 1990.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
After graduating from law school, Ellison worked for three years at the firm of <a href="/facts/Lindquist_%2526_Vennum/N9Lo59Er">Lindquist & Vennum</a>, where he was a litigator specializing in civil rights, employment, and criminal defense law.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> He then became executive director of Minneapolis's nonprofit Legal Rights Center, which specializes in defending <a href="/facts/Indigent/hNLtrNmK">indigent</a> clients.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> Upon leaving the Legal Rights Center, Ellison entered private practice with the law firm Hassan & Reed Ltd, specializing in trial practice.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> He was also regularly involved in community service. He served as the unpaid host of a public affairs talk program at <a href="/facts/KMOJ/ofeb6NCp">KMOJ</a> radio,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> and also often volunteered as a <a href="/facts/Track_and_field/UNg97aPX">track</a> coach for several organizations, working with youth between the ages of five and 18. He said, "It's a great community-building device because it's for all ages and all genders. Everyone can find a way to fit in."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>

<h2 id="minnesota-house-of-representatives">Minnesota House of Representatives</h2>
In November 2002, Ellison was elected to his first public office, as a member of the <a href="/facts/Minnesota_House_of_Representatives/tRDWsT6E">Minnesota House of Representatives</a> serving House district 58B. At the time he took his seat, his party was the smallest House minority in Minnesota history.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> During this session Ellison was appointed to the Governmental Operations & Veterans Affairs Policy Committee, the Judiciary Policy & Finance Committee and the Local Government & Metropolitan Affairs Committee. He also spearheaded an <a href="/facts/Lindner_Ethics_Complaint_of_the_83rd_Minnesota_Legislative_Session/S9jH3mxv">ethics complaint against Rep. Arlon Lindner</a> for a speech Lindner made that Ellison alleged amounted to a denial that homosexuals were persecuted during the Holocaust.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>
Ellison was reelected to his seat in 2004 with 84% of the vote. During the 84th session, he served on the Civil Law & Elections Committee and the Public Safety Policy & Finance Committee. Upon his election to Congress, Ellison's seat in the <a href="/facts/Minnesota_House_of_Representatives/tRDWsT6E">Minnesota House of Representatives</a> was filled by <a href="/facts/Augustine_Dominguez/GUjMEWud">Augustine Dominguez</a>, a Latino community activist and fellow member of the DFL.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>

<h2 id="us-house-of-representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h2>
<h3>Elections</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/2006_Minnesota%2527s_5th_congressional_district_election/f3Bvoc50">2006 Minnesota's 5th congressional district election</a>Ellison's House seat was previously held by <a href="/facts/Martin_Olav_Sabo/0FbYKV7o">Martin Olav Sabo</a>, whose announcement of his intention to retire precipitated Ellison's candidacy. At the DFL Convention on May 6, 2006, Ellison won the party endorsement over nine other candidates, leading 2-to-1 on the first ballot, and winning endorsement on the fourth ballot. In the primary, Ellison faced former state senator <a href="/facts/Ember_Reichgott_Junge/ERzwHPXj">Ember Reichgott Junge</a>, Minneapolis city council member Paul Ostrow, and Sabo's chief of staff <a href="/facts/Mike_Erlandson/PHq04VPl">Mike Erlandson</a>, whom Sabo had endorsed. Ellison won the primary on September 12, 2006, with 41% of the vote.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> One issue Ellison's campaign opponents raised was the repeated suspension of his driver's license for failure to pay tickets and fines.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> Ellison had also failed to pay all or part of his income taxes in five separate years between 1992 and 2000, forcing the state and <a href="/facts/Internal_Revenue_Service/GBdRoslU">Internal Revenue Service</a> to put <a href="/facts/Lien/fWM2v7mo">liens</a> on his home. He later paid in excess of $18,000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> In the November 2006 election, Ellison faced <a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(United_States)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a> Alan Fine, the <a href="/facts/Green_Party_of_the_United_States/qG9jzWQR">Green Party</a>'s Jay Pond, and Tammy Lee of the <a href="/facts/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota/IxlxGBfo">Independence Party</a>. Ellison won the seat with 56% of the vote.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
<h4>Campaign finance disclosures</h4>
In early 2006, the Minnesota State Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Board<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> reprimanded Ellison for events alleged in 2002–04, namely

<ul><li>unreported campaign contributions</li>
<li>discrepancies in cash balances, and</li>
<li>misclassified disbursements, during his campaigns for the Minnesota House of Representatives.</li></ul>
In 2005, the board opened an investigation, and Ellison was subpoenaed and fined.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> Ellison was repeatedly fined for late filings,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> was sued twice by the <a href="/facts/Attorney_General_of_Minnesota/ppQYgj9Q">Attorney General of Minnesota</a>, and was warned about absent or incomplete disclosures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a>

<h3>Tenure</h3>

Ellison was elected to the House of Representatives on November 7, 2006, and sworn in on January 4, 2007. He received national attention for his decision to use an <a href="/facts/English_translations_of_the_Quran/QjDNPD6h">English translation of the Qur'an</a>, translated by British scholar <a href="/facts/George_Sale/YaMn0HXu">George Sale</a> in 1734, that once belonged to President <a href="/facts/Thomas_Jefferson/8yxtcjKK">Thomas Jefferson</a> for <a href="/facts/Qur%2527an_oath_controversy_of_the_110th_United_States_Congress/Ahm6jJxc">his reenacted swearing-in ceremony</a>, which generated both praise and criticism from political pundits.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a>
At the time of his swearing in, Ellison said he intended to focus on wages, housing, "relief and justice for the middle class", and ending the U.S. involvement in the <a href="/facts/Iraq_War/dlAgf8at">Iraq War</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> Ellison was also a vocal critic of the <a href="/facts/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush/n3TPjCeF">George W. Bush administration</a>, and sought a position on the House Judiciary Committee for oversight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> In his first week as a member of Congress Ellison voted with the new Democratic majority as part of the <a href="/facts/100-Hour_Plan/lpLIdxg3">100-Hour Plan</a> to raise the <a href="/facts/Minimum_wage/KhbtVClf">minimum wage</a>, for federal funding of <a href="/facts/Stem_cell/qgB9dFrI">stem cell</a> research, and to allow <a href="/facts/Medicare_(United_States)/vLKMBktB">Medicare</a> to negotiate <a href="/facts/Pharmaceutical/h9mhwWP2">pharmaceutical</a> prices.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>
On April 3, 2014, Ellison introduced the <a href="/facts/Money_Remittances_Improvement_Act_of_2014_(H.R._4386%3b_113th_Congress)/UjGp9l2U">Money Remittances Improvement Act of 2014 (H.R. 4386; 113th Congress)</a> into the United States House.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a> The bill would make it easier for <a href="/facts/Non-bank_financial_institution/bgaBAWdI">nonbank financial institutions</a> such as <a href="/facts/Money_services_business/6p85acf5">money service businesses</a> to provide <a href="/facts/Remittance/6dHbprKG">remittance</a> payments internationally.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> Ellison said that "passage of the Money Remittances Improvement Act is cause for celebration for all diaspora communities, including the Somali and Hmong communities I am proud to represent in Minnesota."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a>

<h4>Credit reform</h4>
On May 3, 2007, Ellison introduced a bill to outlaw <a href="/facts/Universal_default/MPa0zDmE">universal default</a>, the practice whereby <a href="/facts/Credit_card/7pKSB5LD">credit card</a> companies raise interest rates on customers who are behind on payments to other creditors. The bill was supported by <a href="/facts/House_Financial_Services_Committee/wxQJ1Ru8">House Financial Services Committee</a> chairman <a href="/facts/Barney_Frank/vpC70KzK">Barney Frank</a>. Ellison, who described the bill as "the beginning of a whole credit reform effort we're going to be pursuing," also announced his interest in limiting high interest rates on credit cards and easing the process for those who have a legitimate need to file <a href="/facts/Bankruptcy/EAztPnMf">bankruptcy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> This provision ultimately became law in 2009 as part of the "Credit Cardholders' Bill of Rights" portion of the <a href="/facts/Credit_CARD_Act_of_2009/GJkGAo1r">Credit CARD Act of 2009</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a>

<h3>Committee assignments</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services/wxQJ1Ru8">Committee on Financial Services</a> (since January 12, 2007)
<ul><li><a href="/facts/United_States_House_Financial_Services_Subcommittee_on_Capital_Markets_and_Government-Sponsored_Enterprises/RE9Ly25y">Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government-Sponsored Enterprises</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/United_States_House_Financial_Services_Subcommittee_on_Oversight_and_Investigations/DASyb38w">Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations</a>
<ul><li>Terms on Committee (and "Thomas" links at the Library of Congress): <a href="/facts/113th_United_States_Congress/t8U7K4RX">113th</a> Congress (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-resolution/7">H.Res. 7</a> – Dem's), <a href="/facts/112th_United_States_Congress/tK8do8z7">112th</a> (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-resolution/39">H.Res. 39</a> – Dem's), <a href="/facts/111th_United_States_Congress/3mMbaeIv">111th</a> (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-resolution/24">H.Res. 24</a>) and <a href="/facts/110th_United_States_Congress/6NkhrMsg">110th</a> (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-resolution/56">H.Res. 56</a>).</li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs/VtDSxaUS">Committee on Foreign Affairs</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/111th_United_States_Congress/3mMbaeIv">111th Congress</a>, 2009–2010 (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-resolution/74">H.Res. 74</a>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/facts/United_States_House_Judiciary_Committee/kS74nW8C">Judiciary Committee</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/110th_United_States_Congress/6NkhrMsg">110th Congress</a>, 2007–2008 (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-resolution/75">H.Res. 75</a>)</li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>Caucus memberships</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus/cBGwMUH5">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a> (Vice-chair)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a></li>
<li>Congressional Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Caucus (Vice-chair)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Congressional_Black_Caucus/geKw9IxK">Congressional Black Caucus</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Congressional_Arts_Caucus/3ajqSuId">Congressional Arts Caucus</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus/lUmTpquC">Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="candidacy-for-chair-of-democratic-national-committee">Candidacy for Chair of Democratic National Committee</h2>
See also: <a href="/facts/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election/uHvqdNbx">2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election</a>

In 2017, after acting chair <a href="/facts/Donna_Brazile/xwqz3jYj">Donna Brazile</a> resigned, Ellison ran for the chairmanship of the Democratic National Committee, along with <a href="/facts/Howard_Dean/Qb573ndb">Howard Dean</a>, <a href="/facts/Martin_O%2527Malley/E1x8yUKW">Martin O'Malley</a>, <a href="/facts/Raymond_Buckley/h3JgLktQ">Raymond Buckley</a>, and <a href="/facts/Jaime_Harrison/5H0utVeI">Jaime R. Harrison</a>, chairman of the <a href="/facts/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party/MuuJASPQ">South Carolina Democratic Party</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> Ellison, who at the time served as chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, emerged as a top contender<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a> and was viewed as a progressive alternative to the more moderate wings of the party.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> The race was viewed by some commentators and analysts as a proxy battle between the Clinton and Sanders factions of the party.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a>

<h3>Support</h3>
In autumn 2016, Ellison was endorsed by both Senator <a href="/facts/Bernie_Sanders/MjDFDSVY">Bernie Sanders</a> and incoming Senate Minority Leader <a href="/facts/Chuck_Schumer/GsrvwB2w">Chuck Schumer</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a> In November 2016, outgoing Senate Minority Leader <a href="/facts/Harry_Reid/wACbpA4P">Harry Reid</a> endorsed Ellison for DNC chair.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> In early December Ellison's endorsements included the <a href="/facts/AFL%25E2%2580%2593CIO/t8AFyWMH">AFL–CIO</a> and several elected officials in Congress, including senators <a href="/facts/Elizabeth_Warren/BWsxg6QM">Elizabeth Warren</a> and <a href="/facts/Martin_Heinrich/ju0avTtY">Martin Heinrich</a>, and Representatives <a href="/facts/John_Lewis/bhpdeCqm">John Lewis</a>, <a href="/facts/Luis_Guti%25C3%25A9rrez/os895TbD">Luis Gutiérrez</a> and <a href="/facts/Tulsi_Gabbard/xeFnYvAt">Tulsi Gabbard</a>, among others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a>

<h3>Opposition</h3>
Obama loyalists were uneasy with Ellison, and began looking for a candidate to oppose him, holding meetings with <a href="/facts/Obama_administration/Fx03UXVV">Obama administration</a> <a href="/facts/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor/twY0XVVP">labor secretary</a> <a href="/facts/Thomas_Perez/VvXPNPvs">Thomas Perez</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a> In November 2016, the <a href="/facts/Investigative_Project_on_Terrorism/b1lSA8UM">Investigative Project on Terrorism</a> published a 2010 speech in which Ellison asked why the United States foreign policy in the Middle East "is governed by what is good or bad through a <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">country of 7 million people</a>. A region of 350 million all turns on a country of 7 million. Does that make sense? Is that logic?" His comments were interpreted as a reference to Israel. The <a href="/facts/Anti-Defamation_League/oSCrg8fy">Anti-Defamation League</a> (ADL) effectively announced its opposition to Ellison's candidacy, issuing a press release saying that his statement "raises serious concerns about whether Ellison faithfully could represent the Democratic Party's traditional support for a strong and secure <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a>."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a> <a href="/facts/CNN/kEYsUQqr">CNN</a> also reported on his past support for antisemitic and radical organizations and individuals, particularly the <a href="/facts/Nation_of_Islam/f3gAVleH">Nation of Islam</a> and <a href="/facts/Louis_Farrakhan/Y6N96Ygc">Louis Farrakhan</a>, but said they had found no antisemitic writings or public statements by Ellison, and cited his public rejection of the group "due to its propagation of bigoted and antisemitic ideas and statements".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a> <a href="/facts/The_New_York_Times/T9marWVX">The New York Times</a> reported that one of the Democratic Party's biggest donors, <a href="/facts/Haim_Saban/PLjH8zsd">Haim Saban</a>, said in his 2016 foreign policy forum that Ellison is "clearly an antisemitic and anti-Israel person."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a> Reporters from <a href="/facts/The_Washington_Post/dRvzvqJc">The Washington Post</a>, <a href="/facts/Slate_(magazine)/wtt6BaeF">Slate</a>, and <a href="/facts/HuffPost/91nLV4zo">The Huffington Post</a> have described this as part of a smear campaign against Ellison, and observed that Ellison's rivals agreed that Saban should apologize for the comments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a> Schumer replied to critics, saying that Ellison has supported pro-Israeli policies within the Democratic Party, telling <a href="/facts/The_Atlantic/zVtl4Lcr">The Atlantic</a> that "while I disagree with some of [Ellison's] past positions, I saw him orchestrate one of the most pro-Israel platforms in decades by successfully persuading other skeptical committee members to adopt such a strong platform."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a>
Opposition arose from Democrats concerned that Ellison, a sitting congressman, would not be able to devote himself to the position full-time. In response, Ellison pledged that he would resign from Congress if he won the election.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a> Others opposed him on ideological grounds, characterized by <a href="/facts/NPR/BohIW9Xg">National Public Radio</a> (NPR) as representing the party's division in the 2016 Democratic presidential primary between centrist supporters of <a href="/facts/Hillary_Clinton/dPzm9ru4">Hillary Clinton</a> and the party's left wing, which backed Bernie Sanders. <a href="/facts/FiveThirtyEight/cRGCPlmk">FiveThirtyEight</a> argued that Perez and Ellison have "essentially identical" ideologies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a>

<h3>Results and creation of deputy chair position</h3>
By February 2017, Perez was perceived as the front-runner according to The New York Times.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a> A member of <a href="/facts/The_Young_Turks/KnSgf2F9">The Young Turks</a> spotted Ellison and Perez dining together a week before the election was held. Upon being elected chair, Perez quickly motioned for Ellison to be elected "deputy chair", saying, "it is a motion that I have discussed with a good friend, and his name is Keith Ellison." The two newly elected chairs worked together when Perez was labor secretary, and he has regarded Ellison as one of his "best allies".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a> The position of "deputy chair" does not exist in the DNC's bylaws.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a> On November 8, 2018, Ellison resigned as deputy chair to focus on his upcoming tenure as <a href="/facts/Attorney_General_of_Minnesota/ppQYgj9Q">Attorney General of Minnesota</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a>

<h2 id="minnesota-attorney-general">Minnesota Attorney General</h2>
<h3>Election</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/2018_Minnesota_Attorney_General_election/Rl2SCHcS">2018 Minnesota Attorney General election</a>
On June 5, 2018, Ellison announced that he would not seek reelection to a seventh term in Congress in 2018, but would instead <a href="/facts/Minnesota_Attorney_General_election%2c_2018/Rl2SCHcS">run for</a> <a href="/facts/Attorney_General_of_Minnesota/ppQYgj9Q">Minnesota Attorney General</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a> On August 14, Ellison won the Democratic primary with 49.8% of the vote, a little more than 30% over his nearest rival.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a> In the general election Ellison faced Republican <a href="/facts/Doug_Wardlow/GBfrMPoy">Doug Wardlow</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a> <a href="/facts/Grassroots%25E2%2580%2593Legalize_Cannabis_Party/wYnEa9J3">Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party</a> candidate Noah Johnson endorsed Ellison, but remained on the general election ballot.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> On November 6, 2018, Ellison won the election for Attorney General by more than 100,000 votes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> This made him the first African American elected to statewide office in Minnesota, as well as the first Muslim elected to a statewide office in the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a>

<h4>Allegations of domestic abuse</h4>
During the campaign, misconduct allegations surfaced that influenced the election. <a href="/facts/Politico/k3kQb621">Politico</a> wrote that Ellison's election would depend on "what voters make of the misconduct allegations he's facing".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a> In 2006, environmental activist Amy Alexander alleged she had been in a romantic relationship with Ellison while he was married and said he had pushed, shoved, and verbally abused her. Ellison denied the accusation and denied they had a romantic relationship. He alleged that Alexander had harassed him and threatened to "destroy" him. A judge granted Ellison's request for a restraining order against Alexander and refused a similar request by Alexander against Ellison.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a>
In August 2018, Ellison's ex-girlfriend Karen Monahan and her son accused him of attempting to drag her off a bed while shouting obscenities. He denied her allegations<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> and said in an interview he did not know how to react because he did not wish to demonize her.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a> A <a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party</a> investigation conducted by attorney Susan Ellingstad concluded that Monahan's accusation was unsubstantiated, as she rejected requests to provide the video she said proved her allegations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a> The report states that Monahan would not allow Ellingstad to view the footage privately.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a> Unsealed Hennepin County Family Court divorce records revealed that Ellison had claimed that Kim Ellison had physically abused him.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a>

<h3>Tenure</h3>
Further information: <a href="/facts/State_v._Chauvin/X3TarRn0">State v. Chauvin</a>
<h4>George Floyd case</h4>
On May 31, 2020, Ellison accepted Minnesota governor <a href="/facts/Tim_Walz/p7oxYefe">Tim Walz</a>'s request that he take over as <a href="/facts/Special_prosecutor/MKuKQQgS">special prosecutor</a> in the <a href="/facts/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin/X3TarRn0">Derek Chauvin case</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a> Three days later, Ellison's office charged <a href="/facts/Derek_Chauvin/qmmIrvKs">Derek Chauvin</a>, the officer who knelt on Floyd's neck, with <a href="/facts/Murder_(United_States_law)/vWfhCfTh">second-degree murder</a>, a more serious charge than Hennepin County attorney <a href="/facts/Michael_O._Freeman/5cccPsLz">Mike Freeman</a>'s original charges of <a href="/facts/Third-degree_murder/vWfhCfTh">third-degree murder</a> and second-degree <a href="/facts/Manslaughter_(United_States_law)/nJsSqN5Q">manslaughter</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> Ellison also charged the other three officers at the scene, whom Freeman's office had not originally charged, with <a href="/facts/Aiding_and_abetting/YXwXu56j">aiding and abetting</a> second-degree murder and manslaughter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a> Freeman and trial lawyers Steve Schleicher, <a href="/facts/Jerry_W._Blackwell/Kv9E3vc7">Jerry Blackwell</a> and Matthew Frank were among those who served on Ellison's prosecution team.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a> Chauvin was convicted on all three counts on April 20, 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a> Ellison's management of the prosecution won him praise from <a href="/facts/Progressivism_in_the_United_States/vjUFVvJv">progressives</a>, and led to speculation that he would seek a higher office.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a>

<h2 id="political-positions">Political positions</h2>
<h3>Economy</h3>
Ellison supports the <a href="/facts/Reward_Work_Act_of_2018/CTlSSRxR">Reward Work Act of 2018</a> to reform <a href="/facts/US_labor_law/xPyc7CXL">US labor law</a> and <a href="/facts/US_corporate_law/Y3IN6zSA">corporate law</a> by guaranteeing the right of employees in listed companies to elect one-third of the <a href="/facts/Board_of_directors/CsTJqgeR">board of directors</a>.

<h3>Abortion</h3>
In 2009 and 2011 Ellison had a 100% rating from <a href="/facts/NARAL_Pro-Choice_America/hCSWdQqw">NARAL Pro-Choice America</a> indicating a <a href="/facts/Pro-choice/KKXDwMMR">pro-choice</a> voting record.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a>

<h3>LGBTQ+ rights</h3>
In a November 12, 2010, interview with the <a href="/facts/BBC/qFateIz8">BBC</a>'s program Outlook, Ellison was asked to describe his constituents. He answered, "The district I represent is the kind of district where you can have a Member of Congress stand up for religious tolerance and against religious bigotry, against anyone, but also stand up for the rights of gays, too."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a> In Congress he served as vice-chair of the Congressional Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Caucus. In 2025, he joined other state attorneys general in a lawsuit against <a href="/facts/Executive_Order_14187/e6M9lzFG">Executive Order 14187</a>, which banned federal funding for gender-affirming care for minors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a>

<h3>Gun rights</h3>
During a March 2014 appearance on <a href="/facts/Real_Time_with_Bill_Maher/kg1otaxL">Real Time with Bill Maher</a>, Ellison said he was "for gun control, but I don't think you have got to eliminate ownership of all guns in order to get some common-sense gun rules." Host <a href="/facts/Bill_Maher/7t3mTc1u">Bill Maher</a> asked him, "Then why doesn't your party come out against the <a href="/facts/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution/RFoxT74w">Second Amendment</a>?" Guest <a href="/facts/Sheila_Bair/hd9C8Pmu">Sheila Bair</a> then interjected, "Fifty-one votes, that's all it takes." Ellison responded, "I sure wish they would. I sure wish they would." Ellison's campaign said he was responding to Bair, not to Maher. Bair said she was referring to President <a href="/facts/Barack_Obama/76wUMgL1">Barack Obama</a>'s nomination of <a href="/facts/Vivek_Murthy/rd99jz2R">Vivek Murthy</a> for U.S. Surgeon General. Murthy supports stronger gun regulations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a>

<h3>Iraq War</h3>
After President <a href="/facts/George_W._Bush/mYSgM515">George W. Bush</a> vetoed HR 1591 that provided military funding for the <a href="/facts/Iraq_War/dlAgf8at">Iraq War</a> because it contained timetables for withdrawal, Ellison and fellow Minnesota Rep. <a href="/facts/Betty_McCollum/bm6IUuE3">Betty McCollum</a>, joined House Speaker <a href="/facts/Nancy_Pelosi/paA48Kjg">Nancy Pelosi</a> and other top House Democrats in voting "no" to HR 2206 that provided the funding without any timetables. The bill passed the House on a 280 to 142 margin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a> Ellison joined fellow Minnesota freshman Democrat <a href="/facts/Tim_Walz/p7oxYefe">Tim Walz</a> in opposing Bush's plan to increase troop levels in <a href="/facts/Iraq/pqYSFJw8">Iraq</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a>
On January 10, 2007, Bush announced his plans for the <a href="/facts/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007/P8e8CJ7R">Iraq War troop surge of 2007</a>. The gist of this announcement had been known around the Capitol for over a week, and when the <a href="/facts/Associated_Press/b4T5P1bT">Associated Press</a> asked Ellison for his reaction to the idea on January 8, 2007, he said that it was "way too late, way too little. ... So rather than do something small and ineffective, why not get about the business of what we're going to have to do eventually, which is to begin to end the occupation?" Ellison called for an immediate withdrawal in Iraq: "We could describe it as a redeployment or withdrawal, but I think we have run the course in terms of our ability to resolve this conflict militarily. I think we need to have a political and economic and diplomatic engagement, and we need to encourage the forces that are in Iraq to begin to resolve the violence in Iraq." When asked if he would support Bush's call for an additional $100 billion to fund the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Ellison said, "I want to see [the request] first, I want to actually look at it, but I'm not inclined to continue to support a war or an occupation that he has no plans to get us out of, and which is so costly in terms of dollars and lives of American soldiers but also Iraqis." When asked for a reaction to the comments, the <a href="/facts/White_House/CJQc7dKF">White House</a> referred to a previous statement by press secretary <a href="/facts/Tony_Snow/j0jvGt9d">Tony Snow</a>: "Democrats will have to decide where they stand on two issues: 'No. 1, do you want Iraq to succeed, and, if so, what does that mean? And, No. 2, do you believe in supporting the troops as you say, and how do you express that support?'"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a>

<h3>Freedom of speech</h3>
In 2019, the city of Bloomington passed an ordinance that forbade filming students of <a href="/facts/Dar_Al-Farooq_Islamic_Center/DN7MrqDD">Dar Al-Farooq Islamic Center</a> in a public park, which led to a successful lawsuit against the city in the <a href="/facts/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit/UmWQlbPL">United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit</a> to reinstate the <a href="/facts/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution/1hNSoIvG">First Amendment</a> rights of the parties involved.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a> Ellison had asked the court to drop the case.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a>

<h3>Iran</h3>
Ellison has supported normalizing <a href="/facts/Iran-United_States_relations/59wJGvqg">Iran-United States relations</a> and reopening an interest section or embassy in Tehran; he was one of only five Democrats in Congress who voted against the 2015 <a href="/facts/Iran_Nuclear_Agreement_Review_Act/hU1V91I7">Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act</a>. In a speech to the <a href="/facts/National_Iranian_American_Council/VRDtnKrL">National Iranian American Council</a>, he said it does not make sense to cut off contact with the Iranian government, because "when we put up an embassy or an interest section in another country, it's not a gift to them ... You're not doing something for the other country by having someone to look after our interests there, and by withdrawing it, it's not a punishment."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a>

<h3>Bush administration</h3>
On June 28, 2007, Ellison cosponsored Representative <a href="/facts/Dennis_Kucinich/ufwGVIBl">Dennis Kucinich</a>'s <a href="/facts/US_House_Resolution_333/5m2Ib9Va">bill to impeach Vice President Dick Cheney</a> for "high crimes and misdemeanors." Ellison's spokesperson, Rick Jauert, said the effort was "largely to send a message" and that Ellison "has no illusions that this is going anywhere and that's fine. We've got more important things to do that affect people's daily lives. He basically signed on out of principle, as an expression of the importance of the rule of law—that nobody is above the law, not even the vice president."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a>
On July 8, 2007, Ellison gave a speech in <a href="/facts/Edina%2c_Minnesota/VFWgb1Mf">Edina, Minnesota</a>, denouncing Bush's commutation of <a href="/facts/Lewis_Libby/XYKKqvLJ">Lewis Libby</a>'s sentence: "If Libby gets pardoned, then he should not have the cover of the <a href="/facts/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution/6ET9uaLU">Fifth Amendment</a>. He's going to have to come clean and tell the truth. Now, he could get Gonzales-itis [referring to U.S. Attorney General <a href="/facts/Alberto_Gonzales/CeEl4arE">Alberto Gonzales</a>], you know, <a href="/facts/Alberto_Gonzales/CeEl4arE">with 71 lapses of memory within a two-hour period</a>." He also criticized Bush's <a href="/facts/White_House_Office_of_Faith-Based_and_Community_Initiatives/HfA9N3xw">White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives</a>, saying, "This is basically the Department of Religious Outreach. ... It's essentially a public-relations outreach arm for the Bush administration to reach out to the far right of the <a href="/facts/Evangelicalism/64I65VDK">evangelical Christian</a> movement. That's really all it is."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a>
On July 25, 2007, Ellison voted in the House Judiciary Committee to issue citations of <a href="/facts/Contempt_of_Congress/1eIuKVvA">contempt of congress</a> to <a href="/facts/White_House_Chief_of_Staff/ISD7eMuo">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="/facts/Joshua_Bolten/3Yd6N33G">Joshua Bolten</a> and former <a href="/facts/White_House_Counsel/dCbKbb91">White House Counsel</a> <a href="/facts/Harriet_Miers/rsBPQneH">Harriet Miers</a> for "failure to comply with subpoenas on <a href="/facts/2006_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys/lULQUSIq">the firings of several federal prosecutors</a>".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a>

<h3>Trump administration</h3>
In 2017, Ellison said he was open to demands to start an <a href="/facts/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States/tIvDAovH">impeachment process</a> against President <a href="/facts/Donald_Trump/pqqKY21P">Donald Trump</a>: "Donald Trump has already done a number of things which legitimately raise the question of impeachment."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a> By the December 2019 <a href="/facts/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump/RpU6tzuw">impeachment of Donald Trump</a>, Ellison was no longer serving in the House of Representatives.

<h3>Human rights</h3>
Ellison issued a statement on March 21, 2008, that criticized the Chinese government for its <a href="/facts/Tibet/NQChzGo9">Tibet</a> policy and for its relationship with Sudan's leaders "as they commit genocide on the citizens of Darfur."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a> Ellison was arrested along with seven other people including U.S. Representatives <a href="/facts/James_P._%2522Jim%2522_McGovern/0K31MwTj">James McGovern</a>, John Lewis, <a href="/facts/Donna_Edwards/6XqJf4V2">Donna Edwards</a>, and <a href="/facts/Lynn_Woolsey/lQMyEvc6">Lynn Woolsey</a> for <a href="/facts/Civil_disobedience/jaNFkCLY">civil disobedience</a> in April 2009 when they spoke at the <a href="/facts/Sudan/yGeaNdvS">Sudanese</a> Embassy in <a href="/facts/Washington%2c_D.C./enXPK156">Washington, D.C.</a>, to protest that the president of Sudan, <a href="/facts/Omar_al-Bashir/VwoqmRVw">Omar al-Bashir</a>, had asked international aid groups bringing food, health care and water, to leave <a href="/facts/Darfur/g6NlXSgc">Darfur</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a>

<h3>Basic income</h3>
On August 17, 2017, Ellison said he supported <a href="/facts/Guaranteed_basic_income/yHnay1za">guaranteed basic income</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a>

<h3>2016 U.S. presidential election endorsements</h3>
Ellison was the second U.S. Representative (after <a href="/facts/Ra%25C3%25BAl_Grijalva/arc20l5m">Raúl Grijalva</a>) to <a href="/facts/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_presidential_campaign_endorsements%2c_2016/oQY0Xc4w">endorse</a> <a href="/facts/Bernie_Sanders/MjDFDSVY">Bernie Sanders</a> <a href="/facts/Bernie_Sanders_presidential_campaign%2c_2016/do1W6q54">for president</a> in the 2016 <a href="/facts/Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries%2c_2016/JlnIBKBX">Democratic primary</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a> He endorsed <a href="/facts/Hillary_Clinton/dPzm9ru4">Hillary Clinton</a> after she secured the party's nomination.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a>

<h3>2020 U.S. presidential election endorsements</h3>
On June 28, 2019, Ellison endorsed <a href="/facts/Bernie_Sanders/MjDFDSVY">Bernie Sanders</a> for president, citing <a href="/facts/Medicare_for_All/vLF537yk">Medicare for All</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a> He endorsed <a href="/facts/Joe_Biden/fe2ThfUp">Joe Biden</a> after Biden won the Democratic nomination.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a>

<h2 id="travels-abroad">Travels abroad</h2>
<h3>Middle East</h3>
In late March and early April 2007, Ellison was a member of a congressional delegation on a "fact-finding trip to the Middle East".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a> The group included Representatives <a href="/facts/Henry_Waxman/Fk1Eh99e">Henry Waxman</a>, <a href="/facts/Tom_Lantos/EPjEqBKc">Tom Lantos</a>, <a href="/facts/Louise_Slaughter/bqYxvP45">Louise Slaughter</a>, <a href="/facts/Nick_Rahall/RY2kU6ws">Nick Rahall</a>, <a href="/facts/Dave_Hobson/VBznXDU9">Dave Hobson</a>, who were led by Speaker <a href="/facts/Nancy_Pelosi/paA48Kjg">Nancy Pelosi</a>. The delegation visited the <a href="/facts/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre/ffdbFYF4">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> and the <a href="/facts/Western_Wall/6CA11mxN">Western Wall</a>. Ellison called his visit to Islam's third-holiest site, the <a href="/facts/Al-Aqsa_Mosque/67UqB7eF">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, as "personally moving".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a> The group met with Israeli prime minister <a href="/facts/Ehud_Olmert/skIkQc7h">Ehud Olmert</a> and discussed the peace plan devised by the Saudis in 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a> The delegation also met with <a href="/facts/Palestinian_Authority/AhB1P7E7">Palestinian Authority</a> President <a href="/facts/Mahmoud_Abbas/FM332kkT">Mahmoud Abbas</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a>
The group's visit to <a href="/facts/Syria/7pDXGzq8">Syria</a> was criticized by the Bush administration, which restated its view that the United States should not have diplomatic relations with state sponsors of terrorism. While there the delegation conveyed a message from Olmert to Syrian president <a href="/facts/Bashar_al-Assad/uFjUSQv6">Bashar al-Assad</a> that "Israel is interested in peace if Damascus stops supporting terrorism".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a> In <a href="/facts/Lebanon/2dReTXyp">Lebanon</a> the group met with Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Fouad_Siniora/aMasJQc8">Fouad Siniora</a> and Speaker <a href="/facts/Nabih_Berri/nyAEVbQA">Nabih Berri</a>. They also visited the grave of <a href="/facts/Rafik_Hariri/htIt4a7T">Rafik Hariri</a> and met with his son <a href="/facts/Saad_Hariri/CIjnunrA">Saad Hariri</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a> In <a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2">Saudi Arabia</a> the group spoke to <a href="/facts/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia/xTKPBCVf">King Abdullah</a> and his <a href="/facts/Shura_Council/eT5vHT5P">Shura Council</a> of advisers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a> They praised his peace plan and advocated a greater role for women in his nation's political process. Ellison's inclusion in the delegation was praised by council member Abdul-Rahman al-Zamel.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a> Ellison called the king a "visionary leader" and said, "Even being in the same country where <a href="/facts/Mecca/udqyuk0k">Mecca</a> and <a href="/facts/Medina/nbDykVmK">Medina</a> are located was personally uplifting for me."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a> Ellison also said he hoped his presence as a Muslim among the delegation conveyed a message to the Israelis and Palestinians that "people can come together. Reconciliation is possible."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a>

<h4>Iraq</h4>
On July 28 and 29, 2007, Ellison was among an "all-freshman bipartisan congressional delegation" visiting Iraq, arranged by Defense Secretary <a href="/facts/Robert_Gates/39P5ptq4">Robert Gates</a> and led by Rep. <a href="/facts/Jerry_McNerney/AsBUSdCu">Jerry McNerney</a>. Before the trip Ellison told reporters that he would be stopping over in Germany to visit wounded U.S. soldiers being treated there.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a> He also said that he respected any politician who visited Iraq, making note of Republican Minnesota governor <a href="/facts/Tim_Pawlenty/SJL17b8q">Tim Pawlenty</a>, who went in February 2007, along with five other governors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a> Ellison said, "If this country is going to ask these young people to stand in a war zone, their political leadership should visit them."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a> In Iraq the delegation met with Iraqi and U.S. military officials, including Gen. <a href="/facts/David_Petraeus/rD52B5MT">David Petraeus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a>

<h4>Israel and Palestine</h4>
Soon after he returned from Iraq, Ellison and 19 other representatives took a week-long trip to Israel sponsored by the <a href="/facts/American_Israel_Education_Foundation/VK9H9c7e">American Israel Education Foundation</a>. House Majority Leader <a href="/facts/Steny_Hoyer/wwAbJMTt">Steny Hoyer</a> led the group and personally invited Ellison to join them for a stay from August 12–18, 2007. The group met with Israeli prime minister <a href="/facts/Ehud_Olmert/skIkQc7h">Ehud Olmert</a> and Palestinian president <a href="/facts/Mahmoud_Abbas/FM332kkT">Mahmoud Abbas</a>. Ellison's spokesperson told reporters that the trip was "a natural extension of his visit to Iraq" and that "the Middle East peace issue is important to the diverse communities of his Minneapolis-area district—from the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Community_Relations_Council/BIjGvmXw">Jewish Community Relations Council</a> to the patrons of the Holy Land Middle Eastern eatery on <a href="/facts/Lake_Street_(Minneapolis)/0dTDIxNC">Lake Street</a> and Central Avenue. He hears about it every time he goes back to his district." The group traveled to <a href="/facts/Jerusalem/PKJ8LT0Y">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/facts/Tel_Aviv/cQ8X3WVd">Tel Aviv</a>, the northern <a href="/facts/Galilee/4qgALq4a">Galilee</a> region, and <a href="/facts/Ramallah/HVPrByBz">Ramallah</a>, and viewed the <a href="/facts/Israel-Lebanon_border/hfGUYr6M">Israeli border with Lebanon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a>
During this trip Ellison said that Israel did not permit him to travel to <a href="/facts/Gaza_City/4mmNgFq6">Gaza</a>, where a conflict was occurring. In a 2009 interview with reporter Shihab Rattansi, Ellison expressed his disappointment at his inability to see <a href="/facts/2008%25E2%2580%25932009_Israel%25E2%2580%2593Gaza_conflict/2CTaAgcT">the humanitarian situation</a> for himself and called for a more open discussion on Gaza, saying: "The people who have a strong sympathy for the Israeli position ... dominate the conversation. And it's really not politically safe to say, look, there are two sides to this, and Israel has not been an angel in this, and certainly there have been people on the Palestinian side who have not contributed to a constructive solution."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a>

During the summer 2014 conflict between Hamas and Israel, Ellison published an editorial in <a href="/facts/The_Washington_Post/dRvzvqJc">The Washington Post</a> that called for an end to the blockade in Gaza. Citing his three trips to Gaza since 2009, Ellison suggested that empowering Gazans by ending the blockade would weaken extremists and help move towards final status peace.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a>

<h4>Gaza and Sderot</h4>
On February 19, 2009, Ellison and fellow Representative <a href="/facts/Brian_Baird/ujdheptx">Brian Baird</a> visited <a href="/facts/Gaza_City/4mmNgFq6">Gaza</a> to view the destruction from the <a href="/facts/Gaza_War_(2008%25E2%2580%259309)/2CTaAgcT">Gaza War</a> and to meet with international and local relief agencies, including the <a href="/facts/UNRWA/kDK1R8Bo">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a>. This visit, which Ellison and Baird say did not have the official sanction of the <a href="/facts/Obama_administration/Fx03UXVV">Obama administration</a>, was the first time any U.S. government official had entered <a href="/facts/Gaza_City/4mmNgFq6">Gaza</a> in more than three years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a> Ellison said: “The stories about the children affected me the most. No parent, or anyone who cares for kids, can remain unmoved by what Brian and I saw here.“<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a>
The following day Ellison and Baird visited the <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israeli</a> towns of <a href="/facts/Sderot/8woYAIz0">Sderot</a> and <a href="/facts/Ashkelon/aLwPHpaK">Ashkelon</a>, which were the targets of numerous <a href="/facts/Qassam_rocket/nJbhY2Sv">Qassam rocket</a> attacks, repeatedly launched from within the <a href="/facts/Gaza_Strip/GodcCxlV">Gaza Strip</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a>

<h3>Norway</h3>
Ellison visited Norway in January 2008 because of Norway's prominent role in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, and because of the Norwegian-American heritage of many of his constituents. While there, Ellison met with former Norwegian prime minister <a href="/facts/Kjell_Magne_Bondevik/U9Pfbq8w">Kjell Magne Bondevik</a>, then president of the <a href="/facts/Oslo_Center_for_Peace_and_Human_Rights/EpcabTBa">Oslo Center for Peace and Human Rights</a>. The Star Tribune reported that the "trip underscores Ellison's desire to play a role in the international peace movement."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a>

<h3>Africa</h3>
In mid-2008, Ellison joined a U.S. House Democracy Assistance Commission delegation that traveled to six African countries, including <a href="/facts/Liberia/U99yfl2k">Liberia</a>, <a href="/facts/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo/E2KmHDdv">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/facts/Malawi/HTj5q7Wc">Malawi</a>, <a href="/facts/Mauritania/JcP8EJku">Mauritania</a> and <a href="/facts/Kenya/Y9Ko9pQu">Kenya</a>. Upon returning, Ellison said: "The people of the 5th congressional district [his own] know that, in this globalized world, to have peace and security relies on other people having a modicum of peace and security." He attended a July 4 reception at the <a href="/facts/U.S._Ambassador_to_Kenya/aqJFf7y7">U.S. ambassador</a>'s residence in Nairobi, Kenya, where Ellison met <a href="/facts/Sarah_Onyango_Obama/ggzBdMFY">Sarah Hussein Onyango Obama</a>, the step-grandmother of then-presidential candidate <a href="/facts/Barack_Obama/76wUMgL1">Barack Obama</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a>

<h2 id="advocacy-for-american-muslims">Advocacy for American Muslims</h2>
With his victory to the <a href="/facts/United_States_House_of_Representatives/cdBPb9pY">United States House of Representatives</a> Ellison became the first Muslim elected to the U.S. Congress and the highest Muslim elected official in the United States, with Congressman <a href="/facts/Andr%25C3%25A9_Carson/yYkJQWNH">André Carson</a> elected in 2008, as the only other Muslim serving in the U.S. Congress.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a> Ellison's election has been seen as inspirational to American Muslims, and he encourages civic empowerment through participation in the political process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a> Ellison generally "downplayed the role of religion in his drive for office",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a> but he has become active in advocacy for Muslim American civic engagement and civil rights causes on a national level since.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a>

<h3>North American Imams Federation</h3>
On November 18, 2006, Ellison gave a speech called "Imams and Politics" to the Fourth Annual Body Meeting of the North American Imams Federation. The Federation's materials presented the issues to be outlined in Ellison's speech as follows: "Many Muslims around the United States are involved in political activities at different levels. Recognizing the sensitivity of political issues and the potential for divisiveness within the communities as a result of divergent political views, <a href="/facts/Imam/BKmjWDg0">Imams</a> must be able to provide Muslims with the proper guidance and educate them on the etiquettes of any political involvement within the Islamic context. Questions also arise on whether Imams and Islamic centers should be involved in politics at all and what the extent of this involvement should be, therefore Imams should have the ability to address these concerns. Overall, it is important that Imams are aware and understand the general political climate of their communities and be especially conversant with the issues that affect Muslims." Ellison also took part in "Community Night" with Imam <a href="/facts/Siraj_Wahhaj/P91k2P7v">Siraj Wahhaj</a>, and Imam Dr. <a href="/facts/Omar_Shahin/lS1XkJm9">Omar Shahin</a>. This was "for Imams to meet and interact with community members."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a> Some of the participants of this meeting became involved in the <a href="/facts/Flying_Imams_controversy/oaeMd2ly">Flying Imams controversy</a> after being removed from an Arizona bound plane for "concerning behavior".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a> Ellison became involved in this controversy shortly after it erupted when he attempted to arrange a meeting between parties including <a href="/facts/US_Airways/qYtuF8Fe">US Airways</a> executives, the <a href="/facts/Metropolitan_Airports_Commission/nYoK5oQv">Metropolitan Airports Commission</a>, and other legislators and community members.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a>

<h3>MOSES interfaith group</h3>
On December 27, 2006, Ellison spoke at a meeting in Holy Redeemer Catholic Church in <a href="/facts/Detroit/S84s4PGo">Detroit</a> for <a href="/facts/Metropolitan_Organizing_Strategy_Enabling_Strength/fWRL5bX4">Metropolitan Organizing Strategy Enabling Strength</a> (MOSES). The meeting was with leaders from the <a href="/facts/Catholic/YpnKqaEL">Catholic</a>, Muslim, and <a href="/facts/Arab-American/zTJwNqlj">Arab-American</a> communities, along with members of the organized labor movement. He told those in attendance that the principles of Islam guide his life, but he has no intention of imposing his faith on others, "I'm not a religious leader, I've never led religious services of any kind. I'm not here to be a preacher, but in terms of political agenda items, my faith informs me."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a> He addressed the Qur'an Oath controversy of the 110th United States Congress and said that he hoped religion could be a uniting, rather than a dividing force: "They've never actually tried to explore how religion should connect us, they're into how religion divides us. ... They haven't really explored ... how my faith connects me to you."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a>

<h2 id="promoting-us-with-the-state-department">Promoting U.S. with the State Department</h2>

Two months after taking office, Ellison met with Secretary of State <a href="/facts/Condoleezza_Rice/bCc6WEnI">Condoleezza Rice</a> and other top State Department officials to talk about "showcasing his story as part of their public diplomacy efforts in the Muslim world." According to the <a href="/facts/Star_Tribune/9dn96gWr">Star Tribune</a>, Ellison was "profiled three times by the State Department's overseas press bureau." He also "did a <a href="/facts/Voice_of_America/PrTjgDn7">Voice of America</a> interview from his office, where an American flag was placed conspicuously behind his desk for the cameras." In the interview which was set to play in the Middle East and South Asia, Ellison stressed global inclusiveness and quoted verse 49:13 of the Qur'an "Oh humanity, We created you from a single pair". Ellison also accepted the Bush administration's request to be part of a "teleconference with <a href="/facts/Karen_Hughes/XQLSMNQr">Karen Hughes</a>, the State Department's undersecretary for public diplomacy. The White House has asked that the teleconference promote American values and confront ideological support for terrorism around the world." The Voice of America applauded Ellison's cooperation saying "He is the most famous freshman congressman in the world."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a>
After he took his oath of office he was surrounded by the foreign press, intrigued in part by the oath controversy, who "had to be ushered out of his office after he took his oath to make room for home-state news crews." Ellison has been "featured in a series of articles written for foreign dissemination by the Department's Bureau of International Information Programs." Including an article that was translated into Persian and Arabic that "highlighted the diversity of his constituents in Minnesota, ranging from Swedes and Norwegians to 'the largest Somali immigrant community in America.'" In his work in cooperation with the state department, Ellison stresses the religious freedom available in the U.S., saying things like "religious tolerance has a much longer pedigree in America than some of the intolerance we've seen lately." Even in his work with the State Department he remained critical of President Bush's Iraq policy saying "he wants people around the world to know that 'there are many Americans who want to relate to the rest of the world in terms of cooperation, not military domination.'" Ellison staffers told reporters that "the State Department has shown no signs of squeamishness about publicizing his criticism of the war." When asked about working with elements of the Bush administration Ellison said "Hey, my country first. We can work out our political differences later. I've said I'm willing to do whatever I can to make some friends for America."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a>

<h2 id="public-profile">Public profile</h2>
<h3>Interview with Glenn Beck</h3>
On November 14, 2006, <a href="/facts/Glenn_Beck/3kpy7jmb">Glenn Beck</a> of <a href="/facts/CNN_Headline_News/0ojr6uKu">CNN Headline News</a> said to Ellison, "I have been nervous about this interview with you, because what I feel like saying is, 'Sir, prove to me that you are not working with our enemies.' And I know you're not. I'm not accusing you of being an enemy, but that's the way I feel, and I think a lot of Americans will feel that way."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a> Ellison replied that his constituents, "know that I have a deep love and affection for my country. There's no one who's more patriotic than I am, and so you know, I don't need to — need to prove my patriotic stripes."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a>
When asked by Beck for his opinion on Muslim extremists, Ellison replied, "They're criminals. But I think that people who commit criminal acts should be treated like criminals, regardless of their faith."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a> He also said, "<a href="/facts/Osama_bin_Laden/BPGsesb9">Osama bin Laden</a> no more represents <a href="/facts/Islam/zDLbL45C">Islam</a> than <a href="/facts/Timothy_McVeigh/vyH7QWs1">Timothy McVeigh</a> represented <a href="/facts/Christianity/nKyJHlqq">Christianity</a>."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a> Asked about the incident later, Ellison dismissed it, saying, "It's just shock TV. Some pundits think they have to ask the most outrageous questions."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a>
On January 2, 2007, Beck said on his <a href="/facts/Glenn_Beck_Program/ePK2FoRN">radio program</a> that Ellison did not take offense at the comments and the two had a friendly chat off the air. On January 9, 2007, at the Television Critics Association's semiannual press tour, Beck said it was "Quite possibly the poorest-worded question of all time." He clarified by saying, "My point to Keith Ellison ... is the same point that I make to my own faith, and that is—you must stand up before things get out of control ... And it's important for people of all faiths, when someone is hijacking their religion, to stand and say, 'That is not what we do. That is not who we are."'<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a>

<h3>Nation of Islam affiliation</h3>
As a law student in 1989 and 1990 Ellison wrote several columns under the name "Keith E. Hakim" in the student newspaper, the <a href="/facts/Minnesota_Daily/MCeWH5Uk">Minnesota Daily</a>. He defended <a href="/facts/Louis_Farrakhan/Y6N96Ygc">Louis Farrakhan</a> against claims of racism,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a> and further wrote that Farrakhan "is also not an <a href="/facts/Anti-Semite/kUpfFkqx">anti-Semite</a>" and called <a href="/facts/Affirmative_action/Jk96592r">affirmative action</a> a "sneaky" form of compensation for <a href="/facts/Slavery/IXX2S92u">slavery</a>, suggesting that white Americans instead pay <a href="/facts/Reparations_for_slavery/ofLgrz9G">reparations</a> to blacks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a> <a href="/facts/Mother_Jones_(magazine)/LkuKRxlj">Mother Jones</a> reported that, under the name "Keith X Ellison," he wrote defenses of Farrakhan against accusations of antisemitism after the 1995 <a href="/facts/Million_Man_March/RcgI0tHQ">Million Man March</a>, and again in 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a> James Muhammad, a former leader of the Nation of Islam's Twin Cities study group, has said that Ellison served for several years as the group's "chief of protocol", in which capacity he acted as a liaison between Muhammad and local communities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a>

<h4>Denunciation of the Nation of Islam in 2006</h4>
During Ellison's 2006 campaign Republican blogger <a href="/facts/Michael_Brodkorb/tYaJzuAt">Michael Brodkorb</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a> unearthed posts about Ellison's Minnesota Daily articles and his involvement with the <a href="/facts/Nation_of_Islam/f3gAVleH">Nation of Islam</a>. In response Ellison wrote a letter to the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Community_Relations_Council_of_Minnesota_and_the_Dakotas/RLGWYegB">Jewish Community Relations Council of Minnesota & the Dakotas</a> stating he had never been a member, and that his connections with the Nation of Islam were limited to an 18-month period during which he helped organize the Minnesota contingent at the 1995 <a href="/facts/Million_Man_March/RcgI0tHQ">Million Man March</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a> In 2016, CNN referred instead to Ellison's "decade-long involvement in the Nation of Islam".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a> Ellison's letter denounced the Nation of Islam and Farrakhan: "I wrongly dismissed concerns that they [Farrakhan's remarks] were anti-Semitic. They were and are anti-Semitic and I should have come to that conclusion earlier than I did".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a> He explained his previous views by saying that he "did not adequately scrutinize the positions and statements of the Nation of Islam, Louis Farrakhan, and Khalid Muhammed." He also wrote, "any kind of discrimination and hate are wrong. This has always been my position". During the 2006 campaign many prominent Jewish DFL activists supported Ellison, including fundraisers <a href="/facts/Samuel_L._Kaplan/VV2ga30n">Samuel and Sylvia Kaplan</a> and State Representative <a href="/facts/Phyllis_Kahn/1xtKRdCF">Phyllis Kahn</a>, who said it was "inconceivable that he could have ever been an antisemite."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a>

<h3>Campaign contributions from members of CAIR</h3>
During the 2006 election <a href="/facts/Nihad_Awad/ThERvgYy">Nihad Awad</a>, executive director of the <a href="/facts/Council_on_American%25E2%2580%2593Islamic_Relations/eBKIJ48a">Council on American–Islamic Relations</a> (CAIR) and <a href="/facts/James_Yee/mazG0BNj">James Yee</a>, the former Muslim chaplain at Guantanamo Bay, spoke at an August 25 fundraiser for Ellison.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a> Awad and Ellison knew each other as they attended the University of Minnesota Law School at the same time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a> According to the Minneapolis Star Tribune, Ellison accepted individual contributions from Nihad Awad and another leader of CAIR; Ellison responded that he had fully disclosed all contributions and said that he had "nothing to hide".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206">206</a> Ellison stressed that he was supported by individuals, and that the <a href="/facts/Non-profit/AmXu2c85">non-profit</a> organization itself did not endorse his candidacy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207">207</a> His Republican opponent in the race, Alan Fine, criticized Ellison for accepting these contributions, saying that CAIR was "a group that Democrats say has deep ties to terrorism".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208">208</a> In response to Ellison's opponents, CAIR leaders Parvez Ahmed and Nihad Awad wrote, "We are proud of our personal donations to Ellison's campaign" and derided any 'guilt by association' arguments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209">209</a>

<h3>Reichstag fire and 9/11</h3>
On July 8, 2007, Ellison discussed the power of the executive branch in a speech before the organization Atheists for Human Rights. He said that <a href="/facts/Dick_Cheney/7EUs9oQV">Dick Cheney</a> said it was "beneath his dignity in order for him to answer any questions from the citizens of the United States. That is the very definition of <a href="/facts/Totalitarianism/Txc6sJvM">totalitarianism</a>, <a href="/facts/Authoritarianism/88Kfm2gU">authoritarianism</a> and <a href="/facts/Dictatorship/vEL0Nk45">dictatorship</a>."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210">210</a> He went on to say, "It's almost like the <a href="/facts/Reichstag_fire/5jHgnM44">Reichstag fire</a>, kind of reminds me of that. After the Reichstag was burned, they blamed the <a href="/facts/Communists/PkUwa9xK">Communists</a> for it and it put the leader of that country, <a href="/facts/Hitler/3zyXG1L8">Hitler</a>, in a position where he could basically have authority to do whatever he wanted. The fact is that I'm not saying <a href="/facts/September_11_attacks/PfWQcQNx">September 11</a> was a U.S. plan or anything like that because, you know, that's how they put you in the nut-ball box — dismiss you."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211">211</a>
<a href="/facts/Fox_News/jyP1hm2q">Fox News</a> picked up the story<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212">212</a> and their commentator <a href="/facts/John_Gibson_(media_host)/2kxAGFw2">John Gibson</a> categorized Ellison's comments as accusing President <a href="/facts/George_W._Bush/mYSgM515">George W. Bush</a> "of planning and executing the 9/11 attacks".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213">213</a> In Congress, Representatives <a href="/facts/Eric_Cantor/8F0sA7MT">Eric Cantor</a> and <a href="/facts/Zach_Wamp/nWqkmy3a">Zach Wamp</a> wrote House Speaker <a href="/facts/Nancy_Pelosi/paA48Kjg">Nancy Pelosi</a> demanding she "swiftly and immediately" reprimand Ellison for his remarks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214">214</a> The letter said, "Even if Ellison asserts that he was not implying that 9/11 was orchestrated by the administration, the comparison he draws between Hitler and the President of United States is disgraceful. These comments inflame hatred and division at a time when we should be promoting our unity and reconciliation."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215">215</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216">216</a> The <a href="/facts/Anti-Defamation_League/oSCrg8fy">Anti-Defamation League</a> also said: "Whatever his views may be on the administration's response to 9/11 and the conduct of the <a href="/facts/War_on_terrorism/CTGl4eto">war on terrorism</a>, likening it to <a href="/facts/Hitler%2527s_rise_to_power/RfSN8I82">Hitler's rise to power</a> and <a href="/facts/Nazism/JjsMI4lE">Nazism</a> is odious and demeans the victims of 9/11 and the brave American men and women engaged in the <a href="/facts/War_on_terror/CTGl4eto">war on terror</a>. Furthermore, it demonstrates a profound lack of understanding about the horrors that Hitler and his Nazi regime perpetrated."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217">217</a>
When later questioned about his comments, Ellison told a reporter that Osama bin Laden, and not the Bush administration, was responsible for the attacks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218">218</a> He added, "In the aftermath of a tragedy, space is opened up for governments to take action that they could not have achieved before that." He pointed to the <a href="/facts/Iraq_War/dlAgf8at">Iraq War</a> and provisions granting greater arrest and surveillance powers within the <a href="/facts/USA_PATRIOT_Act/EuM6gPJ6">USA PATRIOT Act</a> as examples.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219">219</a> Ellison also said:

<blockquote>In response to a question, I stated that the Bush Administration exploited post-9/11 fears to advance a policy agenda that has undermined our civil liberties. I stand by this statement. ... I want to be clear that the murderous Nazi regime is historically distinct and the horror of the <a href="/facts/Holocaust/vGQsAb2y">Holocaust</a> must be acknowledged as a unique event in human history. I did not intend any direct comparison between the totalitarian state of Nazi Germany and the current administration. I have taken consistent and strong stands against <a href="/facts/Holocaust_denial/PLP99orD">Holocaust denial</a> throughout my life in public service.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220">220</a></blockquote>
<h3>Sali remarks</h3>
Representative <a href="/facts/Bill_Sali/I9YfPmH6">Bill Sali</a> of Idaho drew criticism for his comments in an August 8, 2007, interview with the conservative <a href="/facts/Christianity/nKyJHlqq">Christian</a>-based American Family News Network. Sali, an outspoken <a href="/facts/Evangelical_Christian/64I65VDK">Evangelical Christian</a>, denounced the <a href="/facts/US_Senate/VyzXHE01">Senate</a> leadership for allowing a <a href="/facts/Hindu/D7TFhcg1">Hindu</a> to lead the opening prayer, claiming that the non-Christian invocation threatened to endanger America by removing "the protective hand of God."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221">221</a> Former Democratic Idaho congressman <a href="/facts/Richard_H._Stallings/EoAnqhjh">Richard Stallings</a>, among others, demanded that Sali either apologize or resign. In response, Sali sent Ellison an email saying he "meant no offense".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222">222</a> Ellison was in <a href="/facts/Iraq/pqYSFJw8">Iraq</a> with a congressional delegation, but his spokesperson, Micah Clemens, said, "The congressman just doesn't respond to comments like that."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223">223</a> A <a href="/facts/New_York_Sun/pPBnusu5">New York Sun</a> editorial wrote that claims that the founders did not anticipate Muslim legislators are incorrect.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224">224</a> The specific subject was brought up in several state conventions to ratify the <a href="/facts/Constitution_of_the_United_States/AJlEWNR3">Constitution</a>; William Lancaster opposed the prospect during <a href="/facts/North_Carolina/VhKNTULI">North Carolina</a>'s 1788 <a href="/facts/Hillsborough_Convention/2u9nFsqA">Hillsborough Convention</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225">225</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226">226</a>

<h2 id="personal-life">Personal life</h2>
Ellison has been married to Mónica Hurtado since December 1, 2018. Ellison and his former wife, Kim, a high school mathematics teacher,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227">227</a> had four children between 1989 and 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228">228</a> Keith Ellison is a <a href="/facts/Muslim/W2ukq4pg">Muslim</a>, and although Kim Ellison is not, the Ellisons' four children were raised in the Muslim faith.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229">229</a> One of their sons, <a href="/facts/Jeremiah_Ellison/t4safIgh">Jeremiah</a>, was elected to the <a href="/facts/Minneapolis_City_Council/LqWQgVg0">Minneapolis City Council</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230">230</a> During Ellison's 2006 campaign Kim Ellison revealed that she had been living with moderate <a href="/facts/Multiple_sclerosis/vghXl0IQ">multiple sclerosis</a> for several years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231">231</a> Keith Ellison filed for legal separation from Kim Ellison in 2010,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232">232</a> and their divorce was finalized on May 2, 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233">233</a> Kim Ellison was elected to the <a href="/facts/Minneapolis_School_Board/tGdgcUrd">Minneapolis School Board</a> in 2012 as vice-chair and in November 2016 as an at-large member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234">234</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235">235</a>

<h2 id="awards">Awards</h2>
The <a href="/facts/American-Arab_Anti-Discrimination_Committee/61VmYjK7">American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee</a> gave Ellison its Trailblazer Award.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236">236</a> He was named an <a href="/facts/Utne_Reader/TXc6karQ">Utne Reader</a> visionary in 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237">237</a>

<h2 id="memoirs">Memoirs</h2>
Ellison's book My Country 'Tis of Thee was published in 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238">238</a> His personal account of the events surrounding the <a href="/facts/Murder_of_George_Floyd/xKSGNay8">murder of George Floyd</a> and <a href="/facts/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin/X3TarRn0">trial of Derek Chauvin</a> for that murder appear in his book Break the Wheel: Ending the Cycle of Police Violence.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239">239</a>

<h2 id="electoral-history">Electoral history</h2>
<h3>Minnesota House of Representatives</h3>
Minnesota House of Representatives – District 58B, 2002<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240">240</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>5,714 </td><td>66.54 </td><td>− </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(US)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Larissa Presho</th><td>1,212</td><td>14.11</td><td>−</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Independent_(politician)/Pzzvg0CC">Independent</a></td><th scope="row">Duane K. Reed</th><td>726</td><td>8.45</td><td>−</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Green_Party_of_the_United_States/qG9jzWQR">Green</a></td><th scope="row">Bonnie J. Smith</th><td>480</td><td>5.59</td><td>−</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota/IxlxGBfo">Independence</a></td><th scope="row">Jay Ceril Mastrud</th><td>440</td><td>5.12</td><td>−</td></tr></tbody></table>
Minnesota House of Representatives – District 58B, 2004<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241">241</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>10,796 </td><td>84.1 </td><td>+17.6 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(US)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Jay Ceril Mastrud</th><td>1,988</td><td>15.5</td><td>+1.49</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>U.S. House of Representatives</h3>
<a href="/facts/Minnesota%2527s_5th_congressional_district_election%2c_2006/f3Bvoc50">Minnesota 5th congressional district election, 2006</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>136,060 </td><td>55.56 </td><td>− </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(US)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Alan Fine</th><td>52,263</td><td>21.34</td><td>−</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota/IxlxGBfo">Independence</a></td><th scope="row">Tammy Lee</th><td>51,456</td><td>21.01</td><td>−</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Green_Party_of_the_United_States/qG9jzWQR">Green</a></td><th scope="row">Jay Pond</th><td>4,792</td><td>1.96</td><td>–</td></tr></tbody></table>
Minnesota 5th congressional district election, 2008<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>228,753 </td><td>70.9 </td><td>+14.9 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(US)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Barb Davis White</th><td>71,013</td><td>22.0</td><td>+.66</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota/IxlxGBfo">Independence</a></td><th scope="row">Bill McGaughey</th><td>22,315</td><td>6.9</td><td>−14.11</td></tr></tbody></table>
Minnesota 5th congressional district election, 2010<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>154,833 </td><td>67.7 </td><td>−3.2 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(US)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Joel Demos</th><td>55,222</td><td>24.1</td><td>+2.1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Independent_(politician)/Pzzvg0CC">Independent</a></td><th scope="row">Lynn Torgerson</th><td>8,548</td><td>3.7</td><td>−</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota/IxlxGBfo">Independence</a></td><th scope="row">Tom Schrunk</th><td>7,446</td><td>3.3</td><td>−3.6</td></tr></tbody></table>
Minnesota 5th congressional district election, 2012<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242">242</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>262,101 </td><td>74.5 </td><td>+6.8 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(US)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Chris Fields</th><td>88,753</td><td>25.2</td><td>+1.1</td></tr></tbody></table>
Minnesota 5th congressional district election, 2014<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243">243</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>167,079 </td><td>70.8 </td><td>−3.7 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(US)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Doug Daggett</th><td>56,577</td><td>24.0</td><td>−1.2</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota/IxlxGBfo">Independence</a></td><th scope="row">Lee Bauer</th><td>12,001</td><td>5.1</td><td>−</td></tr></tbody></table>
Minnesota 5th congressional district election, 2016<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244">244</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>249,597 </td><td>69.2 </td><td>−1.6 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(US)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Frank Drake</th><td>80,660</td><td>22.3</td><td>−1.7</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Independent_(politician)/Pzzvg0CC">Independent</a></td><th scope="row">Dennis Schuller</th><td>30,759</td><td>8.5</td><td>−</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>Minnesota Attorney General</h3>
<a href="/facts/Minnesota_Attorney_General_election%2c_2018/Rl2SCHcS">Minnesota Attorney General election, 2018</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="colgroup" colspan="5">Primary election</th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>281,142 </td><td>49.8 </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/Debra_Hilstrom/mntyMNc8">Debra Hilstrom</a></th><td>108,048</td><td>19.1</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Tom Foley</th><td>70,786</td><td>12.5</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Matt Pelikan</th><td>59,876</td><td>10.6</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Mike Rothman</th><td>44,522</td><td>7.9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" colspan="3">Total votes</th><td>564,374 </td><td>100.0 </td></tr></tbody></table>
<a href="/facts/Minnesota_Attorney_General_election%2c_2018/Rl2SCHcS">Minnesota Attorney General election, 2018</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245">245</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison </th><td>1,249,407 </td><td>48.96% </td><td>−3.64% </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_of_Minnesota/NVbvCDSj">Republican</a></td><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/Doug_Wardlow/GBfrMPoy">Doug Wardlow</a></th><td>1,150,459</td><td>45.08%</td><td>+6.07%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Grassroots_Party/UvkdPcpu">Grassroots</a></td><th scope="row">Noah Johnson</th><td>145,748</td><td>5.71%</td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/N%2fa/hRcpf8rK">n/a</a></td><th scope="row">Write-ins</th><td>6,158</td><td>0.24%</td><td>+0.20%</td></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="3">Total votes</th><td>2,551,772 </td><td>100.0% </td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td></td><th scope="row" colspan="5"><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a> hold</th></tr></tbody></table>
<a href="/facts/2022_Minnesota_Attorney_General_election/KV5fD5SM"> Minnesota Attorney General election, 2022</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246">246</a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">±%</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a></td><th scope="row">Keith Ellison (incumbent) </th><td>1,254,370 </td><td>50.37% </td><td>+1.41% </td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Republican_Party_of_Minnesota/NVbvCDSj">Republican</a></td><th scope="row">Jim Schultz</th><td>1,233,563</td><td>49.53%</td><td>+4.45%</td></tr><tr><td></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Write-in_candidate/rkjHLH4g">Write-in</a></td><td>2,374</td><td>0.10%</td><td>-0.14%</td></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="3">Total votes</th><td>2,490,307 </td><td>100.0% </td><td>N/A</td></tr><tr><td></td><th scope="row" colspan="5"><a href="/facts/Minnesota_Democratic%25E2%2580%2593Farmer%25E2%2580%2593Labor_Party/D4XolSJ0">Democratic (DFL)</a> hold</th></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Minnesota portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives/K57HfQxM">List of African-American United States representatives</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_Muslim_members_of_the_United_States_Congress/mmkQ203u">List of Muslim members of the United States Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Minnesota/luqezUtc">United States congressional delegations from Minnesota</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Minnesota/vLnpmokg">List of United States representatives from Minnesota</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements/Rk5XsesV">List of Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign endorsements</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

<ul><li><a href="http://www.ag.state.mn.us/">Minnesota Attorney General website</a></li>
<li><a href="https://keithellison.org/">Campaign website</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=e000288">Biography</a> at the <a href="/facts/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress/1cJ5cXGr">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H6MN05183">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/facts/Federal_Election_Commission/0uc3QnkN">Federal Election Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.congress.gov/member/keith-ellison/1857">Legislation sponsored</a> at the <a href="/facts/Library_of_Congress/TfB6dEN5">Library of Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/38982">Profile</a> at <a href="/facts/Vote_Smart/0coBwf4q">Vote Smart</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1022556">Appearances</a> on <a href="/facts/C-SPAN/MdgMU5eM">C-SPAN</a></li>
<li><a href="https://soundcloud.com/repellison/">We The Podcast</a> hosted by Ellison.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"How Keith Ellison made the Congressional Progressive Caucus into a political force that matters". MinnPost. July 21, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2023. <a href="https://www.minnpost.com/dc-dispatches/2015/07/how-keith-ellison-made-congressional-progressive-caucus-political-force-matter/" target="_blank">https://www.minnpost.com/dc-dispatches/2015/07/how-keith-ellison-made-congressional-progressive-caucus-political-force-matter/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Isikoff, Michael (January 4, 2007). "'I'm a Sunni Muslim'". Newsweek. New York City: Newsweek Media Group. Archived from the original on January 6, 2007 – via MSNBC. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106003610/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16474497/site/newsweek/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070106003610/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16474497/site/newsweek/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">MacFarquhar, Neil (October 11, 2006). "Muslim's Election Is Celebrated Here and in Mideast". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved October 11, 2006. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/10/us/politics/10muslims.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/10/us/politics/10muslims.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Cunningham, Vinson (February 27, 2017). "The Protest Candidate: Is Keith Ellison's D.N.C. Run Uniting Democrats, or Deepening Their Divisions?". The Political Scene. The New Yorker. Vol. 93, no. 2. pp. 34–39. <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/02/27/will-keith-ellison-move-the-democrats-left" target="_blank">https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/02/27/will-keith-ellison-move-the-democrats-left</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Bradner, Eric (February 26, 2017). "Perez wins DNC chairmanship". CNN. <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/25/politics/dnc-chair-election/" target="_blank">http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/25/politics/dnc-chair-election/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Ellison [@keithellison] (June 5, 2018). "Today I am announcing my candidacy to be the People's Lawyer, and to protect and defend all Minnesotans as your next Attorney General" (Tweet). Retrieved June 5, 2018 – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/keithellison/status/1004055826896687104" target="_blank">https://x.com/keithellison/status/1004055826896687104</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Bierschbach, Briana; Bakst, Brian; Pugmire, Tim (June 5, 2018). "Filing deadline drama: Rep. Omar jumps into race for Congress". Minnesota Public Radio. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Public Media Group. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/06/05/minnesota-filing-deadline-politics" target="_blank">https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/06/05/minnesota-filing-deadline-politics</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"Keith: The value system that's behind my candidacy". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. July 19, 2006. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2007 – via keithellison.org. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070103224726/http://www.keithellison.org/StribOpEd.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070103224726/http://www.keithellison.org/StribOpEd.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Robson, Britt (August 30, 2006). "Running Man". City Pages. Minneapolis, Minnesota: The Star Tribune Company. Retrieved August 3, 2016. <a href="http://www.citypages.com/news/running-man-6689842" target="_blank">http://www.citypages.com/news/running-man-6689842</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Montgomery, David (July 16, 2009). "Profile of Rep. Keith Ellison (D-Minn.), the First Muslim Elected to Congress". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071503902.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071503902.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Smiley, Travis (October 2, 2006). "Keith Ellison". PBS.org. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2010. <a href="https://archive.today/20080209112411/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200610/20061002_ellison.html" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20080209112411/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200610/20061002_ellison.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Montgomery, David (July 16, 2009). "Profile of Rep. Keith Ellison (D-Minn.), the First Muslim Elected to Congress". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071503902.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071503902.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Robson, Britt (August 30, 2006). "Running Man". City Pages. Minneapolis, Minnesota: The Star Tribune Company. Retrieved August 3, 2016. <a href="http://www.citypages.com/news/running-man-6689842" target="_blank">http://www.citypages.com/news/running-man-6689842</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Montgomery, David (July 16, 2009). "Profile of Rep. Keith Ellison (D-Minn.), the First Muslim Elected to Congress". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071503902.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071503902.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Parent Newsletter for the Week of December 4, 2006 — Congratulations to all Our Newly Elected Cubs". University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy. December 4, 2005. <a href="http://www.uofdjesuit.org/" target="_blank">http://www.uofdjesuit.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Lohn, Martiga (September 14, 2006). "Islamic Convert Wins House Nomination". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Associated Press. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/13/AR2006091302297.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/13/AR2006091302297.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"Members of Congress: Religious Affiliations". Pew Research Center. January 5, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2016. <a href="https://www.pewforum.org/2015/01/05/members-of-congress-religious-affiliations/" target="_blank">https://www.pewforum.org/2015/01/05/members-of-congress-religious-affiliations/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Wayne State University Commencement Programs, Box 4, Folder 43, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University. <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"Keith: The value system that's behind my candidacy". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. July 19, 2006. Archived from the original on January 3, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2007 – via keithellison.org. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070103224726/http://www.keithellison.org/StribOpEd.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070103224726/http://www.keithellison.org/StribOpEd.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"Keith Ellison (DFL) 58B". Minnesota House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924213222/http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/members.asp?district=58B" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060924213222/http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/members.asp?district=58B</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Condon, Patrick (July 6, 2006). "Muslim seeks both House seat and a place in history". The Bay State Banner. Boston, Massachusetts: Next Street Financial LLC. Associated Press. Retrieved April 25, 2009. <a href="http://www.baystate-banner.com/archives/stories/2006/07/070606-09.htm" target="_blank">http://www.baystate-banner.com/archives/stories/2006/07/070606-09.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Keith Ellison (DFL) 58B". Minnesota House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924213222/http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/members.asp?district=58B" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060924213222/http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/members/members.asp?district=58B</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"Making the choice" (PDF). Session Weekly — Minnesota House of Representatives. January 24, 2003. p. 16. Retrieved December 14, 2006. <a href="https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Making the choice" (PDF). Session Weekly — Minnesota House of Representatives. January 24, 2003. p. 16. Retrieved December 14, 2006. <a href="https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">"About Keith:bio, Keith Ellison for Congress". Archived from the original on January 4, 2007. Retrieved January 7, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070104173250/http://www.keithellison.org/about-bio.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070104173250/http://www.keithellison.org/about-bio.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">"Making the choice" (PDF). Session Weekly — Minnesota House of Representatives. January 24, 2003. p. 16. Retrieved December 14, 2006. <a href="https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Making the choice" (PDF). Session Weekly — Minnesota House of Representatives. January 24, 2003. p. 16. Retrieved December 14, 2006. <a href="https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Khoo, Michael (August 10, 2003). "A conservative sweep". Minnesota Public Radio. Minneapolis, Minnesota: American Public Media Group. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2003/08/11_khoom_rightturnagenda/" target="_blank">http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2003/08/11_khoom_rightturnagenda/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Robson, Britt (August 30, 2006). "Running Man". City Pages. Minneapolis, Minnesota: The Star Tribune Company. Retrieved August 3, 2016. <a href="http://www.citypages.com/news/running-man-6689842" target="_blank">http://www.citypages.com/news/running-man-6689842</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Minnesota Public Radio". Electionresults.publicradio.org. November 8, 2006. Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="http://electionresults.publicradio.org/display/web/2006/11/08/5dist/" target="_blank">http://electionresults.publicradio.org/display/web/2006/11/08/5dist/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Unofficial Results Primary". Minnesota Secretary of State. December 25, 2006. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924220510/http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/20060912/ElecRslts.asp?M=CG&CD=05" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060924220510/http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/20060912/ElecRslts.asp?M=CG&CD=05</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Kersten, Katherine (September 17, 2006). "The excuses keep on coming for Ellison's behavior". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144643/http://www.startribune.com/191/story/683044.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144643/http://www.startribune.com/191/story/683044.html</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Robson, Britt (August 30, 2006). "Running Man". City Pages. Minneapolis, Minnesota: The Star Tribune Company. Retrieved August 3, 2016. <a href="http://www.citypages.com/news/running-man-6689842" target="_blank">http://www.citypages.com/news/running-man-6689842</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"KSTP Report August 16th, 2006 (Microsoft ActiveX)". Kstp.dayport.com. Archived from the original on December 10, 2007. Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071210020400/http://kstp.dayport.com/viewer/viewerpage.php?Art_ID=168557" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071210020400/http://kstp.dayport.com/viewer/viewerpage.php?Art_ID=168557</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Kahn, Aron (November 8, 2006). "Ellison breaks ground as Muslim, black". St. Paul Pioneer Press. St. Paul, Minnesota: Digital First Media. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="http://www.twincities.com/mld/pioneerpress/news/local/15957666.htm" target="_blank">http://www.twincities.com/mld/pioneerpress/news/local/15957666.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">"Unofficial Results General Election". Minnesota Secretary of State. November 7, 2006. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved November 8, 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613080441/http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/20061107/ElecRslts.asp?M=CG&R=ALL&PN=0000" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070613080441/http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/20061107/ElecRslts.asp?M=CG&R=ALL&PN=0000</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">"Minnesota State Campaign Finance and Public Disclosure Board". state.mn.us. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="http://www.cfboard.state.mn.us/" target="_blank">http://www.cfboard.state.mn.us/</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">"Findings and Order in the Matter of the Committee to Elect Keith Ellison" (PDF). Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="http://www.cfboard.state.mn.us/bdinfo/investigation/Ellison_Keith_022406.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.cfboard.state.mn.us/bdinfo/investigation/Ellison_Keith_022406.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">"Campaign Finance and Disclosure Board Conciliation Agreement" (PDF). Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="http://www.cfboard.state.mn.us/bdinfo/Con_Agr/Ellison_Keith_022406.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.cfboard.state.mn.us/bdinfo/Con_Agr/Ellison_Keith_022406.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">"Compilation of Board Minutes in which Ellison was fined". Cfbreport.state.mn.us. Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116070706/http://www.cfbreport.state.mn.us/WebSearch_Servlet/processDirect.do?start=1&nr=25&i=global&q=Ellison%20AND%20board%20AND%20minutes" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160116070706/http://www.cfbreport.state.mn.us/WebSearch_Servlet/processDirect.do?start=1&nr=25&i=global&q=Ellison%20AND%20board%20AND%20minutes</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">Kersten, Katherine (September 17, 2006). "The excuses keep on coming for Ellison's behavior". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144643/http://www.startribune.com/191/story/683044.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144643/http://www.startribune.com/191/story/683044.html</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Cooperman, Alan (September 11, 2006). "Muslim Candidate Plays Defense". The Washington Post. p. A03. Retrieved September 11, 2006. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Lopez, Patricia; Kaszuba, Mike (July 15, 2006). "Late campaign reports were her doing, Ellison's wife says". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. <a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" target="_blank">/wiki/Star_Tribune</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Smith, Dane; Doyle, Pat (July 8, 2006). "Late filings a pattern for Ellison". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/Star_Tribune" target="_blank">/wiki/Star_Tribune</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">"Thomas Jefferson's Copy of the Koran To Be Used in Congressional Swearing-in Ceremony". loc.gov. U.S. Library of Congress. January 3, 2007. Retrieved March 23, 2017. When Rep.-elect Keith Ellison (D-Minn.) takes his individual ceremonial oath of office on Jan. 4, it is to be with one hand upon Thomas Jefferson's copy of the Koran ... Ellison, the first Muslim elected to Congress, requested to take the oath upon Jefferson's personal copy of George Sale's 1734 translation of the Koran, commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed (London: Hawes, Clarke, Collins and Wilcox, 1764). The two-volume work, which resides in the Library of Congress' Rare Book and Special Collections Division, is one of nearly 6,500 titles sold to Congress by Jefferson in 1815 to replace the Congressional Library that had been destroyed when the British burned the Capitol during the War of 1812. <a href="https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-07-001/" target="_blank">https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-07-001/</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">"Ellison, on verge of historic first term, unruffled by critics". Associated Press. January 3, 2007. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2007. <a href="https://archive.today/20130127093849/http://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=145716" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130127093849/http://www.kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=145716</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">Hotakainen, Rob (January 26, 2007). "Ellison says he won't pursue impeaching President Bush—for now". McClatchy DC Bureau. Minneapolis, Minnesota: McClatchy. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/latest-news/article24461086.html" target="_blank">https://www.mcclatchydc.com/latest-news/article24461086.html</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">"U.S. House of Representatives Roll Call Votes 110th Congress — 1st Session (2007)". The Clerk of the House. Retrieved January 16, 2007. <a href="http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2007/index.asp" target="_blank">http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2007/index.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">"H.R. 4386 – All Actions". United States Congress. Retrieved May 4, 2014. <a href="http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4386/all-actions/" target="_blank">http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4386/all-actions/</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">Radio, Dalsan (May 7, 2014). "Somalia: Congressman Ellison's Money Remittances Improvement Act Passed". All Africa. Retrieved May 8, 2014. <a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201405071137.html" target="_blank">http://allafrica.com/stories/201405071137.html</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">"Ellison, Paulsen, Duffy Applaud Passage of Money Remittances Improvement Act". House Office of Keith Ellison. May 6, 2014. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224135/http://ellison.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/ellison-paulsen-duffy-applaud-passage-of-money-remittances-improvement" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224135/http://ellison.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/ellison-paulsen-duffy-applaud-passage-of-money-remittances-improvement</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">"Ellison's 1st Bill To End Bad Credit Card Practice". Associated Press. May 2, 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved May 4, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004648/http://wcco.com/local/local_story_122152004.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004648/http://wcco.com/local/local_story_122152004.html</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">Norris, Floyd (November 7, 2013). "Card Act Cleared Up Credit Cards' Hidden Costs". The New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/08/business/economy/a-credit-card-rule-that-worked-for-consumers.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/08/business/economy/a-credit-card-rule-that-worked-for-consumers.html</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">Agarwal, Sumit; Chomsisengphet, Souphala; Mahoney, Neale; Stroebel, Johannes (November 25, 2014). "Regulating Consumer Financial Products: Evidence from Credit Cards" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of Economics. 130. Oxfordshire, England: Oxford University Press: 111–164. doi:10.1093/qje/qju037. <a href="https://economicdynamics.org/meetpapers/2014/paper_126.pdf" target="_blank">https://economicdynamics.org/meetpapers/2014/paper_126.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">Anderson, Mitch (January 21, 2009). "Ellison gets Foreign Affairs seat". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Retrieved October 19, 2012. <a href="http://www.startribune.com/politics/37745864.html" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/politics/37745864.html</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">"Congressman Keith Ellison". Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090807010645/https://ellison.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=207:press-release-ellison-accepts-appointment-to-foreign-affairs-committee&catid=1:latest&Itemid=16" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090807010645/https://ellison.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=207:press-release-ellison-accepts-appointment-to-foreign-affairs-committee&catid=1:latest&Itemid=16</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">"Connecting with Government with Representative Keith Ellison Event Information". Archived from the original on September 18, 2015. Retrieved October 26, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918153642/http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/cspg/events/2012/0409.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150918153642/http://www.hhh.umn.edu/centers/cspg/events/2012/0409.html</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">"Caucus Members". Congressional Progressive Caucus. Retrieved January 30, 2018. <a href="https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=71§iontree=2,71" target="_blank">https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=71§iontree=2,71</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">"Rep. Pramila Jayapal Elected as CPC First Vice Chair and Rep. Keith Ellison Elected as Vice Chair and Liaison to Labor". Archived from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029121101/https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/press-releases/rep-pramila-jayapal-elected-as-cpc-first-vice-chair-and-rep-keith-ellison-elected-as-vice-chair-and-liaison-to-labor/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20171029121101/https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/press-releases/rep-pramila-jayapal-elected-as-cpc-first-vice-chair-and-rep-keith-ellison-elected-as-vice-chair-and-liaison-to-labor/</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">"Keith Ellison home » Issues » Civil And Human Rights » Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Equality". Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203081819/https://ellison.house.gov/issues/civil-and-human-rights/gay-lesbian-bisexual-and-transgender-equality" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170203081819/https://ellison.house.gov/issues/civil-and-human-rights/gay-lesbian-bisexual-and-transgender-equality</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">"Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7, 2018. <a href="https://cbc.house.gov/membership/" target="_blank">https://cbc.house.gov/membership/</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">"Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140644/https://artscaucus-slaughter.house.gov/membership" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140644/https://artscaucus-slaughter.house.gov/membership</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">"Members". Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus. Retrieved May 17, 2018. <a href="https://capac-chu.house.gov/members" target="_blank">https://capac-chu.house.gov/members</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">Steinhauer, Jennifer (November 11, 2016). "Chuck Schumer Backs Minnesota Liberal for Democratic Party Chairman". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 2, 2019. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/12/us/politics/chuck-schumer-keith-ellison-dnc.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/12/us/politics/chuck-schumer-keith-ellison-dnc.html</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">Strauss, Daniel (November 20, 2016). "Foes pile on Ellison in DNC chair fight". Politico. Retrieved March 2, 2019. <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/keith-ellison-dnc-resistance-231575" target="_blank">https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/keith-ellison-dnc-resistance-231575</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:66">Stein, Jeff (December 30, 2016). "The DNC race has become another fight over Bernie Sanders when Dems need it least". Vox. Retrieved March 2, 2019. <a href="https://www.vox.com/2016/12/30/14062696/dnc-ellison-sanders" target="_blank">https://www.vox.com/2016/12/30/14062696/dnc-ellison-sanders</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">Debenedetti, Gabriel (January 16, 2017). "Democrats sweat Clinton vs. Sanders rift". Politico. Retrieved March 2, 2019. <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/democrats-clinton-sanders-dnc-233648" target="_blank">https://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/democrats-clinton-sanders-dnc-233648</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">Detrow, Scott (December 2, 2016). "Keith Ellison's Bid To Lead The DNC Faces Increasing Resistance". National Public Radio. Retrieved December 6, 2016. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504166336/keith-ellisons-bid-to-lead-the-dnc-faces-increasing-resistance" target="_blank">https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504166336/keith-ellisons-bid-to-lead-the-dnc-faces-increasing-resistance</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">Strauss, Daniel (November 13, 2016). "Reid endorses Ellison for DNC chairman". Politico. Retrieved December 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/harry-reid-keith-ellison-231297" target="_blank">http://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/harry-reid-keith-ellison-231297</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:70">Strauss, Daniel (December 9, 2016). "Ellison adds more congressional endorsements in DNC bid". Politico. Retrieved December 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/keith-ellison-dnc-endorsements-232420" target="_blank">http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/keith-ellison-dnc-endorsements-232420</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:71">Martin, Jonathan (November 22, 2016). "Democrats' Leadership Fight Pits West Wing Against Left Wing". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/us/politics/democrats-leadership-fight-pits-west-wing-against-left-wing.html?rref=collection%2Fbyline%2Fjonathan-martin&action=click&contentCollection=undefined®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection&_r=1" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/us/politics/democrats-leadership-fight-pits-west-wing-against-left-wing.html?rref=collection%2Fbyline%2Fjonathan-martin&action=click&contentCollection=undefined®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection&_r=1</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:72">Detrow, Scott (December 2, 2016). "Keith Ellison's Bid To Lead The DNC Faces Increasing Resistance". National Public Radio. Retrieved December 6, 2016. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504166336/keith-ellisons-bid-to-lead-the-dnc-faces-increasing-resistance" target="_blank">https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504166336/keith-ellisons-bid-to-lead-the-dnc-faces-increasing-resistance</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:73">Martin, Jonathon (December 1, 2016). "Jewish Groups and Unions Grow Uneasy With Keith Ellison". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved February 23, 2017. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/01/us/jewish-groups-and-unions-grow-uneasy-with-keith-ellison.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/01/us/jewish-groups-and-unions-grow-uneasy-with-keith-ellison.html</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:74">Detrow, Scott (December 2, 2016). "Keith Ellison's Bid To Lead The DNC Faces Increasing Resistance". National Public Radio. Retrieved December 6, 2016. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504166336/keith-ellisons-bid-to-lead-the-dnc-faces-increasing-resistance" target="_blank">https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504166336/keith-ellisons-bid-to-lead-the-dnc-faces-increasing-resistance</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:75">Kaczynski, Andrew (December 1, 2016). "Rep. Keith Ellison faces renewed scrutiny over past ties to Nation of Islam, defense of anti-Semitic figures". CNN. Retrieved December 6, 2016. <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/01/politics/kfile-keith-ellison-nation-of-islam/" target="_blank">http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/01/politics/kfile-keith-ellison-nation-of-islam/</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:76">Martin, Jonathon (December 3, 2016). "Question Facing Keith Ellison: Could He Lead D.N.C. as Part-Timer?". The New York Times. Retrieved December 8, 2016. Haim Saban, one of the biggest donors in the Democratic Party, called Mr. Ellison, the first Muslim elected to Congress, "clearly an anti-Semitic and anti-Israel person." <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/03/us/politics/new-question-for-keith-ellison-could-he-lead-dnc-as-part-timer.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/03/us/politics/new-question-for-keith-ellison-could-he-lead-dnc-as-part-timer.html?_r=0</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:77">Wiegel, David (February 26, 2017). "Why did Keith Ellison lose the DNC race?". Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="/wiki/David_Weigel" target="_blank">/wiki/David_Weigel</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:78">Marans, Daniel (December 4, 2016). "Journalists Are Enabling A Smear Campaign Against Keith Ellison". The Huffington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved December 16, 2016. <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/journalists-keith-ellison-smear-campaign_us_58435707e4b0c68e0481543a" target="_blank">https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/journalists-keith-ellison-smear-campaign_us_58435707e4b0c68e0481543a</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:79">Goldberg, Michelle (December 6, 2016). "The Smearing of Keith Ellison Reveals the Warped Priorities of the Israel Lobby". Slate. Los Angeles, California: The Slate Group. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved December 16, 2016. <a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2016/12/the_israel_lobby_is_smearing_keith_ellison.html" target="_blank">http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2016/12/the_israel_lobby_is_smearing_keith_ellison.html</a> <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:80">Graham, David A. (December 2, 2016). "Keith Ellison and the Battle for the Democratic Party". The Atlantic Monthly. Boston, Massachusetts: Emerson Collective. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/12/keith-ellison-and-the-battle-for-the-soul-of-the-democratic-party/509336/" target="_blank">https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/12/keith-ellison-and-the-battle-for-the-soul-of-the-democratic-party/509336/</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:81">Strauss, Daniel (December 7, 2016). "Keith Ellison pledges to leave House if he wins DNC race". Politico. Retrieved December 16, 2016. <a href="http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/keith-ellison-congress-seat-dnc-chair-232313" target="_blank">http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/keith-ellison-congress-seat-dnc-chair-232313</a> <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:82">Detrow, Scott (December 2, 2016). "Keith Ellison's Bid To Lead The DNC Faces Increasing Resistance". National Public Radio. Retrieved December 6, 2016. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504166336/keith-ellisons-bid-to-lead-the-dnc-faces-increasing-resistance" target="_blank">https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504166336/keith-ellisons-bid-to-lead-the-dnc-faces-increasing-resistance</a> <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:83">Martin, Jonathan (November 22, 2016). "Democrats' Leadership Fight Pits West Wing Against Left Wing". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/us/politics/democrats-leadership-fight-pits-west-wing-against-left-wing.html?rref=collection%2Fbyline%2Fjonathan-martin&action=click&contentCollection=undefined®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection&_r=1" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/22/us/politics/democrats-leadership-fight-pits-west-wing-against-left-wing.html?rref=collection%2Fbyline%2Fjonathan-martin&action=click&contentCollection=undefined®ion=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=collection&_r=1</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:84">Malone, Clare (February 25, 2017). "Tom Perez Isn't As Liberal As Keith Ellison, But He's Still Pretty Progressive". FiveThirtyEight.com. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/tom-perez-isnt-as-liberal-as-keith-ellison-but-hes-still-pretty-progressive/" target="_blank">https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/tom-perez-isnt-as-liberal-as-keith-ellison-but-hes-still-pretty-progressive/</a> <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:85">Martin, Jonathan; Burns, Alexander (February 23, 2017). "Weakened Democrats Bow to Voters, Opting for Total War on Trump". The New York Times. New York City. Retrieved August 18, 2018. In the race for the chairmanship of the Democratic National Committee, which concludes with a vote in Atlanta on Saturday, the restive mood of liberal activists has buoyed a pair of insurgents, Representative Keith Ellison of Minnesota and Mayor Pete Buttigieg of South Bend, Ind., against the perceived front-runner, Thomas E. Perez. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/23/us/democrats-dnc-chairman-trump-keith-ellison-tom-perez.html?_r=0" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/23/us/democrats-dnc-chairman-trump-keith-ellison-tom-perez.html?_r=0</a> <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:86">Kamisar, Ben (February 16, 2017). "Ellison, Perez dine in DC days before Dem Party elections". The Hill. Washington DC: Capitol Hill Publishing Corp. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/319840-ellison-perez-dine-in-dc-days-before-dnc-elections/" target="_blank">https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/319840-ellison-perez-dine-in-dc-days-before-dnc-elections/</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:87">Byrnes, Jesse (February 25, 2017). "Perez appoints Ellison deputy DNC chair". The Hill. Washington DC: capitol Hill Publishing. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/321191-perez-appoints-ellison-deputy-dnc-chair/" target="_blank">https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/321191-perez-appoints-ellison-deputy-dnc-chair/</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:88">"Democrats Live". live.Democrats.org. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="https://live.democrats.org/" target="_blank">https://live.democrats.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:89">Jilani, Zaid (February 25, 2017). "Keith Ellison Loses DNC Race After Heated Campaign Targeting Him for His Views on Palestine". The Intercept. New York City: First Look Media. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/02/25/keith-ellison-loses-dnc-race-after-heated-campaign-targeting-him-for-his-views-on-palestine/" target="_blank">https://theintercept.com/2017/02/25/keith-ellison-loses-dnc-race-after-heated-campaign-targeting-him-for-his-views-on-palestine/</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:90">Sherman, Jake [@JakeSherman] (November 8, 2018). "NEW... Tom Perez just emailed this note, saying Keith Ellison has stepped down from DNC to focus on his new job as atty gen of Minnesota" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/JakeSherman/status/1060670709041643522" target="_blank">https://x.com/JakeSherman/status/1060670709041643522</a> <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:91">Ellison [@keithellison] (June 5, 2018). "Today I am announcing my candidacy to be the People's Lawyer, and to protect and defend all Minnesotans as your next Attorney General" (Tweet). Retrieved June 5, 2018 – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/keithellison/status/1004055826896687104" target="_blank">https://x.com/keithellison/status/1004055826896687104</a> <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:92">Bierschbach, Briana; Bakst, Brian; Pugmire, Tim (June 5, 2018). "Filing deadline drama: Rep. Omar jumps into race for Congress". Minnesota Public Radio. St. Paul, Minnesota: American Public Media Group. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/06/05/minnesota-filing-deadline-politics" target="_blank">https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/06/05/minnesota-filing-deadline-politics</a> <a href="#fnref:92" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:93">"Unofficial results of the 2018 Minnesota Attorney General Primary Election". Minnesota Secretary of State. Retrieved November 9, 2021. <a href="https://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/Results/AttorneyGeneral/114?id=st&officeInElectionId=17118" target="_blank">https://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/Results/AttorneyGeneral/114?id=st&officeInElectionId=17118</a> <a href="#fnref:93" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:94">Bierschbach, Briana (January 10, 2018). "The campaign to become Minnesota's next attorney general is crowded, intense — and very much under the radar". MinnPost. Retrieved January 17, 2018. <a href="https://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2018/01/campaign-become-minnesotas-next-attorney-general-crowded-intense-and-very-mu" target="_blank">https://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2018/01/campaign-become-minnesotas-next-attorney-general-crowded-intense-and-very-mu</a> <a href="#fnref:94" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:95">Featherly, Kevin (July 20, 2018). "As attorney general, Doug Wardlow would insist on 'rule of law'". Minnesota Lawyer. BridgeTower Media. Retrieved July 26, 2018. <a href="https://minnlawyer.com/2018/07/20/wardlow-would-insist-on-rule-of-law/" target="_blank">https://minnlawyer.com/2018/07/20/wardlow-would-insist-on-rule-of-law/</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:96">Van Berkel, Jessie (October 15, 2018). "Legalize Cannabis candidate endorses Keith Ellison for attorney general". Star Tribune. Retrieved October 19, 2018. <a href="http://www.startribune.com/legal-marijuana-now-candidate-endorses-keith-ellison-for-attorney-general/497572521/" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/legal-marijuana-now-candidate-endorses-keith-ellison-for-attorney-general/497572521/</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:97">Wiegel, David (November 6, 2018). "Keith Ellison wins attorney general race in Minnesota". Washington Post. Retrieved November 7, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/live-updates/midterms/midterm-election-updates/keith-ellison-wins-attorney-general-race-in-minnesota/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/live-updates/midterms/midterm-election-updates/keith-ellison-wins-attorney-general-race-in-minnesota/</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:98">Naomi Lim (November 7, 2018). "Keith Ellison succeeds in Minnesota attorney general bid amid abuse allegations". The Washington Examiner. Retrieved November 18, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/keith-ellison-succeeds-in-minnesota-attorney-general-bid-amid-abuse-allegations" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/keith-ellison-succeeds-in-minnesota-attorney-general-bid-amid-abuse-allegations</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:99">Choi, Matthew (October 27, 2018). "Keith Ellison reeling after abuse allegations". Politico. Archived from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 29, 2018. <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/10/27/keith-ellison-abuse-allegations-minnesota-ag-2018-943086" target="_blank">https://www.politico.com/story/2018/10/27/keith-ellison-abuse-allegations-minnesota-ag-2018-943086</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:100">Rao, Maya; Smith, Kelly; Van Berkel, Jesse (August 17, 2018). "Keith Ellison faces mounting pressure over domestic violence claim". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Retrieved October 1, 2018. <a href="http://www.startribune.com/top-dflers-back-ellison-as-candidates-but-say-allegations-need-scrutiny/491049271/" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/top-dflers-back-ellison-as-candidates-but-say-allegations-need-scrutiny/491049271/</a> <a href="#fnref:100" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:101">Turkewitz, Julie; Stockman, Farah (August 30, 2018). "A Broken Relationship and Accusations of Emotional Abuse: The Case of Keith Ellison". The New York Times. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/30/us/keith-elllison-karen-monahan.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/30/us/keith-elllison-karen-monahan.html</a> <a href="#fnref:101" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:102">Haag, Matthew (August 13, 2018). "Representative Keith Ellison Denies Domestic Abuse Allegations". The New York Times. Retrieved September 23, 2018. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/13/us/politics/keith-ellison-abuse-karen-monahan.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/13/us/politics/keith-ellison-abuse-karen-monahan.html</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:103">Stockman, Farah (October 15, 2018). "Keith Ellison's Campaign Overshadowed by Ex-Girlfriend's Allegations". The New York Times. Retrieved August 12, 2020. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/us/keith-ellison-abuse-allegations-metoo.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/us/keith-ellison-abuse-allegations-metoo.html</a> <a href="#fnref:103" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:104">Ellingstad, Susan E. "Investigation Report Prepared for Ken Martin, Chair, Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party" (PDF). Retrieved October 3, 2018. <a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4952674/Keith-Ellison-Investigation-Report.pdf" target="_blank">https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4952674/Keith-Ellison-Investigation-Report.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:104" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:105">Potter, Kyle (October 2, 2018). "Attorney: Ellison abuse claim unsubstantiated". Associated Press. Retrieved August 12, 2020. <a href="https://apnews.com/b83b844f551b4fd999c0013784abe51d/APNewsBreak:-Attorney:-Ellison-abuse-claim-unsubstantiated" target="_blank">https://apnews.com/b83b844f551b4fd999c0013784abe51d/APNewsBreak:-Attorney:-Ellison-abuse-claim-unsubstantiated</a> <a href="#fnref:105" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:106">"Keith Ellison abuse claim unsubstantiated, attorney concludes". NBC News. October 2018. Retrieved April 27, 2021. <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/keith-ellison-abuse-claim-unsubstantiated-attorney-concludes-n915491" target="_blank">https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/keith-ellison-abuse-claim-unsubstantiated-attorney-concludes-n915491</a> <a href="#fnref:106" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:107">Paul, Deanna (October 17, 2018). "In unsealed divorce records, Rep. Keith Ellison says ex-wife abused him". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved April 27, 2021. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/10/17/unsealed-divorce-records-rep-keith-ellison-says-ex-wife-abused-him/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/10/17/unsealed-divorce-records-rep-keith-ellison-says-ex-wife-abused-him/</a> <a href="#fnref:107" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:108">"Attorney General Keith Ellison to lead prosecution of George Floyd's death". CBS Minnesota. May 31, 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020. <a href="https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/31/attorney-general-keith-ellison-to-take-over-george-floyd-case/" target="_blank">https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/05/31/attorney-general-keith-ellison-to-take-over-george-floyd-case/</a> <a href="#fnref:108" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:109">Torres, Ella; Mansell, William; Pereira, Ivan (May 29, 2020). "Minnesota protest live updates: Derek Chauvin charged with murder in connection with George Floyd's death". ABC News. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/dangerous-protests-erupt-overnight-george-floyds-death-minneapolis/story?id=70924047" target="_blank">https://abcnews.go.com/US/dangerous-protests-erupt-overnight-george-floyds-death-minneapolis/story?id=70924047</a> <a href="#fnref:109" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:110">Campbell, Josh; Sidner, Sara; Levenson, Eric (June 3, 2020). "All four former officers involved in George Floyd's killing now face charges". CNN. Retrieved June 5, 2020. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/us/george-floyd-officers-charges/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/us/george-floyd-officers-charges/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:110" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:111">Torres, Ella; Mansell, William; Pereira, Ivan (May 29, 2020). "Minnesota protest live updates: Derek Chauvin charged with murder in connection with George Floyd's death". ABC News. Archived from the original on May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/dangerous-protests-erupt-overnight-george-floyds-death-minneapolis/story?id=70924047" target="_blank">https://abcnews.go.com/US/dangerous-protests-erupt-overnight-george-floyds-death-minneapolis/story?id=70924047</a> <a href="#fnref:111" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:112">Campbell, Josh; Sidner, Sara; Levenson, Eric (June 3, 2020). "All four former officers involved in George Floyd's killing now face charges". CNN. Retrieved June 5, 2020. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/us/george-floyd-officers-charges/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/us/george-floyd-officers-charges/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:112" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:113">"Minnesota Attorney General Ellison News Conference on Chauvin Verdict". C-SPAN. April 20, 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2021. <a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?511112-1/minnesota-attorney-general-ellison-news-conference-chauvin-verdict" target="_blank">https://www.c-span.org/video/?511112-1/minnesota-attorney-general-ellison-news-conference-chauvin-verdict</a> <a href="#fnref:113" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:114">"Minnesota AG comments on Chauvin verdict". April 20, 2021. <a href="https://fox11online.com/news/nation-world/minnesota-ag-comments-on-chauvin-verdict" target="_blank">https://fox11online.com/news/nation-world/minnesota-ag-comments-on-chauvin-verdict</a> <a href="#fnref:114" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:115">"Minnesota AG comments on Chauvin verdict". April 20, 2021. <a href="https://local21news.com/news/nation-world/minnesota-ag-comments-on-chauvin-verdict" target="_blank">https://local21news.com/news/nation-world/minnesota-ag-comments-on-chauvin-verdict</a> <a href="#fnref:115" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:116">Otterbein, Holly; Payne, Daniel (April 22, 2021). "Progressives swoon over Ellison role in Chauvin trial". Politico. Retrieved April 23, 2021. <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/22/keith-ellison-derek-chauvin-484362" target="_blank">https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/22/keith-ellison-derek-chauvin-484362</a> <a href="#fnref:116" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:117">Cillizza, Chris (April 26, 2021). "Analysis: The Chauvin trial produced a new liberal icon". CNN. Retrieved April 27, 2021. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/26/politics/keith-ellison-chauvin-trial/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/26/politics/keith-ellison-chauvin-trial/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:117" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:118">"NARAL 2011 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ON CHOICE MINNESOTA". Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504232441/http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/government-and-you/us-government/congressional-record-on-choice/2011/state-page.html?state=MN" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120504232441/http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/government-and-you/us-government/congressional-record-on-choice/2011/state-page.html?state=MN</a> <a href="#fnref:118" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:119">"MINNESOTA DISTRICT 05 Rep. Keith Ellison (D) is pro-choice". Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723063001/http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/elections/pro-choice-voter-guide/race/mn-05.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120723063001/http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/elections/pro-choice-voter-guide/race/mn-05.html</a> <a href="#fnref:119" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:120">"BBC World Service – Programmes – America's first Muslim Congressman". BBC. November 12, 2010. Retrieved May 13, 2011. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2010/11/101112_outlook_keith.shtml" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2010/11/101112_outlook_keith.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:120" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:121">Zurek, Erica (February 7, 2025). "Minnesota joins lawsuit against Trump's move to restrict gender-affirming care". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved February 10, 2025. <a href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2025/02/07/minnesota-joins-lawsuit-against-trumps-move-to-restrict-gender-affirming-care" target="_blank">https://www.mprnews.org/story/2025/02/07/minnesota-joins-lawsuit-against-trumps-move-to-restrict-gender-affirming-care</a> <a href="#fnref:121" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:122">Ye Hee Lee, Michelle (February 24, 2017). "Keith Ellison's comments on the Second Amendment: For the record". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved February 24, 2017. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/02/24/keith-ellisons-comments-on-the-second-amendment-for-the-record/?noredirect=on" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/02/24/keith-ellisons-comments-on-the-second-amendment-for-the-record/?noredirect=on</a> <a href="#fnref:122" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:123">Voerding, Brian (May 25, 2007). "Walz breaks rank, supports war funds". Winona Daily News. Winona, Minnesota: Lee Enterprises. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928134054/http://www.winonadailynews.com/articles/2007/05/25/news/04walz25.txt" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070928134054/http://www.winonadailynews.com/articles/2007/05/25/news/04walz25.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:123" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:124">Diaz, Kevin (January 5, 2007). "Minnesota delegation cool to use of more troops in Iraq". The Current. Washington DC: The Current Newspapers. Archived from the original on August 19, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180819051152/https://www.thecurrent.org/feature/2007/01/05/washpol" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180819051152/https://www.thecurrent.org/feature/2007/01/05/washpol</a> <a href="#fnref:124" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:125">Frommer, Frederic J. (January 10, 2007). "Rep. Ellison Wants Forces Out of Iraq". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Associated Press. Retrieved January 13, 2007. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011000458.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011000458.html</a> <a href="#fnref:125" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:126">"Fight over filming kids outside mosque heads to court". MPR News. December 11, 2019. <a href="https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/12/11/fight-over-filming-kids-outside-bloomington-mosque-heads-to-court" target="_blank">https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/12/11/fight-over-filming-kids-outside-bloomington-mosque-heads-to-court</a> <a href="#fnref:126" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:127">"Federal Court Strikes Down Local Law in Minnesota That Forbade a Woman from Photographing Kids Near Mosque and Park". September 3, 2021. <a href="https://lawandcrime.com/first-amendment/federal-court-strikes-down-local-law-in-minnesota-that-forbade-a-woman-from-photographing-kids-near-mosque-and-park/" target="_blank">https://lawandcrime.com/first-amendment/federal-court-strikes-down-local-law-in-minnesota-that-forbade-a-woman-from-photographing-kids-near-mosque-and-park/</a> <a href="#fnref:127" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:128">Rosen, Amir (December 6, 2016). "Keith Ellison's Life as NIAC Cheerleader". Tablet. New York City: Nextbook. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/219330/keith-ellisons-life-as-niac-cheerleader" target="_blank">http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/219330/keith-ellisons-life-as-niac-cheerleader</a> <a href="#fnref:128" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:129">"Ellison signs as cosponsor of bill to impeach Cheney". Associated Press. June 29, 2007. Archived from the original on July 2, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702002330/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1276950.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070702002330/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1276950.html</a> <a href="#fnref:129" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:130">Kaszuba, Mike. "Atheists applaud Ellison's views on Cheney, Libby, 9/11". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Star Tribune.[dead link] <a href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19668590/" target="_blank">https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19668590/</a> <a href="#fnref:130" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:131">"Ellison votes with majority on contempt citations against White House aides". Associated Press. July 25, 2007. <a href="http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/07/25/contemptellison/" target="_blank">http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2007/07/25/contemptellison/</a> <a href="#fnref:131" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:132">"Keith Ellison supportive of impeachment against Trump". CNN. February 23, 2017. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYGCZtZMKCc/" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYGCZtZMKCc/</a> <a href="#fnref:132" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:133">Wiener, Jay (March 24, 2008). "Ellison becomes first Minnesota official to link Summer Olympics and China policies". MinnPost. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120214023559/http://www.minnpost.com/jayweiner/2008/03/24/1244/ellison_becomes_first_minnesota_official_to_link_summer_olympics_and_china_policies" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120214023559/http://www.minnpost.com/jayweiner/2008/03/24/1244/ellison_becomes_first_minnesota_official_to_link_summer_olympics_and_china_policies</a> <a href="#fnref:133" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:134">Rhee, Foon (April 26, 2009). "McGovern, other lawmakers arrested at Darfur protest". Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Globe Media Partners LLC. Retrieved April 26, 2009. <a href="http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2009/04/mcgovern_other.html" target="_blank">http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2009/04/mcgovern_other.html</a> <a href="#fnref:134" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:135">"Member of Congress from Minnesota Keith Ellison endorses Basic Income". Basic Income News. August 26, 2017. Retrieved March 26, 2018. <a href="http://basicincome.org/news/2017/08/united-states-member-congress-minnesota-keith-ellison-endorses-basic-income/" target="_blank">http://basicincome.org/news/2017/08/united-states-member-congress-minnesota-keith-ellison-endorses-basic-income/</a> <a href="#fnref:135" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:136">Seitz-Wald, Alex (October 12, 2015). "Keith Ellison hands Bernie Sanders his second congressional endorsement". MSNBC. <a href="https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/keith-ellison-hands-bernie-sanders-his-second-congressional-endorsment" target="_blank">https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/keith-ellison-hands-bernie-sanders-his-second-congressional-endorsment</a> <a href="#fnref:136" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:137">"Rep. Keith Ellison endorses Hillary Clinton". MinnPost.com. July 2016. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="https://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2016/07/rep-keith-ellison-endorses-hillary-clinton" target="_blank">https://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2016/07/rep-keith-ellison-endorses-hillary-clinton</a> <a href="#fnref:137" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:138">Condon, Patrick (June 28, 2019). "Keith Ellison endorses Bernie Sanders for president — again". Star Tribune. Retrieved April 27, 2021. <a href="https://www.startribune.com/keith-ellison-endorses-bernie-sanders-for-president-again/511959892/" target="_blank">https://www.startribune.com/keith-ellison-endorses-bernie-sanders-for-president-again/511959892/</a> <a href="#fnref:138" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:139">"Ilhan Omar, Keith Ellison Among Muslim American Officials To Endorse Joe Biden". July 20, 2020. Retrieved April 27, 2021. <a href="https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/07/20/ilhan-omar-keith-ellison-among-muslim-american-officials-to-endorse-joe-biden/" target="_blank">https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2020/07/20/ilhan-omar-keith-ellison-among-muslim-american-officials-to-endorse-joe-biden/</a> <a href="#fnref:139" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:140">"House Speaker Pelosi, Ellison, Tour Jerusalem". Associated Press. March 31, 2007.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366303.html" target="_blank">http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366303.html</a> <a href="#fnref:140" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:141">"Ellison, Pelosi Meet with Israeli Officials". Associated Press. April 1, 2007.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366286.html" target="_blank">http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366286.html</a> <a href="#fnref:141" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:142">Frederic Frommer (April 8, 2007). "Rep.: Israel Said No Syria Attack Plan". Associated Press. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3019285" target="_blank">https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3019285</a> <a href="#fnref:142" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:143">"Ellison, Pelosi Meet with Israeli Officials". Associated Press. April 1, 2007.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366286.html" target="_blank">http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366286.html</a> <a href="#fnref:143" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:144">"Minnesota / Delegation tours holy sites". St. Paul Pioneer Press. St. Paul, Minnesota: MediaNews Group. March 31, 2007. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://www.twincities.com/2007/03/31/minnesota-delegation-tours-holy-sites/" target="_blank">https://www.twincities.com/2007/03/31/minnesota-delegation-tours-holy-sites/</a> <a href="#fnref:144" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:145">"Ellison, Pelosi Meet with Israeli Officials". Associated Press. April 1, 2007.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366286.html" target="_blank">http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366286.html</a> <a href="#fnref:145" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:146">"Congressional Delegation Statement on Middle East Trip". April 5, 2007. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011172147/http://speaker.gov/newsroom/pressreleases?id=0135" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071011172147/http://speaker.gov/newsroom/pressreleases?id=0135</a> <a href="#fnref:146" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:147">"Pelosi raises issue of female politicians in Saudi Arabia". Associated Press. April 5, 2001. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114165444/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1102239.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071114165444/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1102239.html</a> <a href="#fnref:147" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:148">"Congressional Delegation Statement on Middle East Trip". April 5, 2007. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011172147/http://speaker.gov/newsroom/pressreleases?id=0135" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071011172147/http://speaker.gov/newsroom/pressreleases?id=0135</a> <a href="#fnref:148" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:149">"Pelosi raises issue of female politicians in Saudi Arabia". Associated Press. April 5, 2001. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved October 25, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114165444/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1102239.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071114165444/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1102239.html</a> <a href="#fnref:149" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:150">Frederic Frommer (April 8, 2007). "Rep.: Israel Said No Syria Attack Plan". Associated Press. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3019285" target="_blank">https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=3019285</a> <a href="#fnref:150" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:151">"House Speaker Pelosi, Ellison, Tour Jerusalem". Associated Press. March 31, 2007.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366303.html" target="_blank">http://wcco.com/politics/Keith.Ellison.5th.2.366303.html</a> <a href="#fnref:151" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:152">Jake Sherman (July 29, 2007). "Ellison is part of Iraq trip arranged by Defense chief". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on August 21, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070821064627/http://www.startribune.com/587/v-print/story/1331665.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070821064627/http://www.startribune.com/587/v-print/story/1331665.html</a> <a href="#fnref:152" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:153">"Ellison returns from trip to Iraq". USA Today. Associated Press. July 30, 2007. <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-07-30-ellison-iraq_N.htm" target="_blank">https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-07-30-ellison-iraq_N.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:153" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:154">Jake Sherman (July 29, 2007). "Ellison is part of Iraq trip arranged by Defense chief". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on August 21, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070821064627/http://www.startribune.com/587/v-print/story/1331665.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070821064627/http://www.startribune.com/587/v-print/story/1331665.html</a> <a href="#fnref:154" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:155">"Pawlenty makes surprise trip to Iraq". MPR. February 10, 2004. <a href="http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2004/02/10_mccalluml_pawlentyiraq/" target="_blank">http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/2004/02/10_mccalluml_pawlentyiraq/</a> <a href="#fnref:155" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:156">Jake Sherman (July 29, 2007). "Ellison is part of Iraq trip arranged by Defense chief". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on August 21, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070821064627/http://www.startribune.com/587/v-print/story/1331665.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070821064627/http://www.startribune.com/587/v-print/story/1331665.html</a> <a href="#fnref:156" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:157">Olsen, Dan (July 30, 2007). "Congress' only Muslim hears from sheiks on trip to Iraq". The Current. Washington DC: Current Newspapers. Archived from the original on September 24, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924112603/https://www.thecurrent.org/feature/2007/07/30/ellisoniraq" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180924112603/https://www.thecurrent.org/feature/2007/07/30/ellisoniraq</a> <a href="#fnref:157" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:158">Diaz, Kevin; Sherman, Jake (August 1, 2007). "Ellison to take weeklong trip to Israel". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved October 26, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114145548/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1338153.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071114145548/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1338153.html</a> <a href="#fnref:158" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:159">"US congressman Keith Ellison on Gaza". Al Jazeera. January 6, 2009. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWb2rnOJBOA" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWb2rnOJBOA</a> <a href="#fnref:159" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:160">Ellison, Keith. "End the Gaza blockade to achieve peace". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 29, 2014. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/keith-ellison-end-the-gaza-blockade-to-achieve-peace/2014/07/29/e5e707c4-16a1-11e4-85b6-c1451e622637_story.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/keith-ellison-end-the-gaza-blockade-to-achieve-peace/2014/07/29/e5e707c4-16a1-11e4-85b6-c1451e622637_story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:160" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:161">"Brian Views Destruction in Gaza – Calls for Immediate Relief and Change in Policy". House.gov. February 19, 2009. Archived from the original on February 23, 2009. Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090223104735/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/wa03_baird/morenews1/GazaTrip.shtml" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090223104735/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/wa03_baird/morenews1/GazaTrip.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:161" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:162">"Congressmen view destruction in Gaza, Call for immediate relief and change in policy". Archived from the original on November 30, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130014957/http://southsidepride.com/2009/03/articles/congressmen.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101130014957/http://southsidepride.com/2009/03/articles/congressmen.html</a> <a href="#fnref:162" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:163">"Congressmen view destruction in Gaza, Call for immediate relief and change in policy". Archived from the original on November 30, 2010. Retrieved June 6, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130014957/http://southsidepride.com/2009/03/articles/congressmen.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101130014957/http://southsidepride.com/2009/03/articles/congressmen.html</a> <a href="#fnref:163" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:164">Schonheyder, Caroline. "Lessons From Peace Diplomacy Inspire Representative Keith Ellison On Visit To Norway". Embassy of Norway. <a href="http://www.norway.org/ARCHIVE/policy/news/keithellisoninnorway/" target="_blank">http://www.norway.org/ARCHIVE/policy/news/keithellisoninnorway/</a> <a href="#fnref:164" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:165">Diaz, Kevin (December 27, 2007). "Ellison going to Norway to study peace and justice". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Retrieved August 18, 2018. <a href="http://www.startribune.com/politics/12840961.html?refer=y" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/politics/12840961.html?refer=y</a> <a href="#fnref:165" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:166">Diaz, Kevin (July 9, 2008). "Ellison upbeat after visit to Africa". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Star Tribune Media Partners LLC. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120726183256/http://www.startribune.com/templates/Print_This_Story?sid=24284064" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120726183256/http://www.startribune.com/templates/Print_This_Story?sid=24284064</a> <a href="#fnref:166" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:167">Guttman, Nathan (March 16, 2011). "The 'Other Muslim' in Congress". The Forward. <a href="https://forward.com/articles/136248/the-other-muslim-in-congress/" target="_blank">https://forward.com/articles/136248/the-other-muslim-in-congress/</a> <a href="#fnref:167" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:168">"Local Muslims Aim for Greater Political Involvement". December 10, 2006. <a href="http://kcbs.com/pages/145612.php?contentType=4&contentId=255950" target="_blank">http://kcbs.com/pages/145612.php?contentType=4&contentId=255950</a> <a href="#fnref:168" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:169">Michelle Boorstein (November 30, 2006). "More Muslims Gaining Political Ground". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 10, 2006. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/29/AR2006112901576.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/29/AR2006112901576.html</a> <a href="#fnref:169" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:170">Rob Hotakainen (November 30, 2006). "Oath on Qur'an: Activism or an act of faith?". Star Tribune. <a href="#fnref:170" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:171">"North American Imams Federation conference booklet" (PDF). Imamsofamerica.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713013620/http://www.imamsofamerica.com/NAIF2006.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110713013620/http://www.imamsofamerica.com/NAIF2006.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:171" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:172">"North American Imams Federation Web site". Imamsofamerica.com. Retrieved May 13, 2011. <a href="http://www.imamsofamerica.com/" target="_blank">http://www.imamsofamerica.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:172" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:173">Francie Grace (November 21, 2006). "6 Muslim Imams Removed From Plane". CBS News. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008. Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/6-muslim-imams-removed-from-plane/" target="_blank">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/6-muslim-imams-removed-from-plane/</a> <a href="#fnref:173" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:174">"Ellison seeks meeting on removal of clerics". Star Tribune. November 24, 2006. Archived from the original on November 30, 2006. Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061130064604/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/833707.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20061130064604/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/833707.html</a> <a href="#fnref:174" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:175">"North American Imams' Federation conference booklet" (PDF). North American Imams Federation. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713013620/http://www.imamsofamerica.com/NAIF2006.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110713013620/http://www.imamsofamerica.com/NAIF2006.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:175" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:176">"6 Muslim Imams Removed From Plane". Star and Tribune. November 21, 2006. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008. Retrieved December 11, 2006. <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/6-muslim-imams-removed-from-plane/" target="_blank">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/6-muslim-imams-removed-from-plane/</a> <a href="#fnref:176" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:177">Rochelle Olson (November 24, 2006). "Ellison seeks meeting on removal of clerics". Star Tribune. <a href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MN&p_theme=mn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=(%22Ellison%20seeks%20meeting%20on%20removal%20of%20clerics%22)&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=(%22Ellison%20seeks%20meeting%20on%20removal%20of%20clerics%22)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no" target="_blank">http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MN&p_theme=mn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=(%22Ellison%20seeks%20meeting%20on%20removal%20of%20clerics%22)&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=(%22Ellison%20seeks%20meeting%20on%20removal%20of%20clerics%22)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no</a> <a href="#fnref:177" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:178">Niraj Warikoo (December 27, 2006). "Ellison says faith won't be exploited". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 28, 2006.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://www.sanluisobispo.com/mld/sanluisobispo/news/nation/16330890.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sanluisobispo.com/mld/sanluisobispo/news/nation/16330890.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:178" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:179">Niraj Warikoo (December 27, 2006). "Ellison says faith won't be exploited". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved December 28, 2006.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://www.sanluisobispo.com/mld/sanluisobispo/news/nation/16330890.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sanluisobispo.com/mld/sanluisobispo/news/nation/16330890.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:179" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:180">Kevin Diaz (March 7, 2007). "Ellison taking on role in U.S. image building". McClatchy News Service. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313175807/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1036906.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070313175807/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1036906.html</a> <a href="#fnref:180" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:181">Kevin Diaz (March 7, 2007). "Ellison taking on role in U.S. image building". McClatchy News Service. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313175807/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1036906.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070313175807/http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1036906.html</a> <a href="#fnref:181" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:182">Glenn Beck (November 14, 2006). "First Muslim Congressman Speaks Out". CNN. Retrieved December 11, 2006. <a href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0611/14/gb.01.html" target="_blank">http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0611/14/gb.01.html</a> <a href="#fnref:182" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:183">Beck, Glenn (2007). An Inconvenient Book. Simon and Schuster. p. 146. ISBN 9781416580041. Retrieved November 4, 2016. <a href="9781416580041" target="_blank">9781416580041</a> <a href="#fnref:183" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:184">Glenn Beck (November 14, 2006). "First Muslim Congressman Speaks Out". CNN. Retrieved December 11, 2006. <a href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0611/14/gb.01.html" target="_blank">http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0611/14/gb.01.html</a> <a href="#fnref:184" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:185">"Keith Ellison first Muslim congressman". Spokesman Review. Associated Press. November 11, 2006. Retrieved November 16, 2006. <a href="http://www.spokesmanreview.com/features/story.asp?ID=159034" target="_blank">http://www.spokesmanreview.com/features/story.asp?ID=159034</a> <a href="#fnref:185" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:186">Averill, Brady (November 17, 2006). "For freshmen on Capitol Hill, it's the luck of the draw". Star Tribune. Retrieved November 19, 2006.[dead link] <a href="http://www.startribune.com/587/story/819861.html" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/587/story/819861.html</a> <a href="#fnref:186" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:187">Pierce, Scott D. (January 11, 2007). "Beck is in a Catch-22". Deseret News. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. <a href="https://archive.today/20130121204304/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/650221878/Scott-Pierce-Beck-is-in-a-Catch-22.html" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130121204304/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/650221878/Scott-Pierce-Beck-is-in-a-Catch-22.html</a> <a href="#fnref:187" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:188">Kaczynski, Andrew (December 1, 2016). "Rep. Keith Ellison faces renewed scrutiny over past ties to Nation of Islam, defense of anti-Semitic figures". CNN. Retrieved December 2, 2016. Ellison wrote other columns in law school defending Farrakhan against charges of racism ... <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/01/politics/kfile-keith-ellison-nation-of-islam/index.html" target="_blank">http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/01/politics/kfile-keith-ellison-nation-of-islam/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:188" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:189">Jeff Ballabon (November 21, 2016). "Keith Ellison Supported the BDS Movement and Admired Louis Farrakhan". Tablet. Retrieved November 22, 2016. <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Ballabon" target="_blank">/wiki/Jeff_Ballabon</a> <a href="#fnref:189" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:190">Cooperman, Alan (September 11, 2006). "Muslim Candidate Plays Defense". The Washington Post. p. A03. Retrieved September 11, 2006. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html</a> <a href="#fnref:190" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:191">"Minnesota Daily archive". Mndaily.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515231040/http://www.mndaily.com/archive/download.php?archives%2F1989%2F11271989.tif" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110515231040/http://www.mndaily.com/archive/download.php?archives%2F1989%2F11271989.tif</a> <a href="#fnref:191" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:192">"Minnesota Daily archive". Mndaily.com. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613182445/http://www.mndaily.com/archive/download.php?archives%2F1990%2F02021990.tif" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110613182445/http://www.mndaily.com/archive/download.php?archives%2F1990%2F02021990.tif</a> <a href="#fnref:192" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:193">Murphy, Tim (March–April 2017). "Keith Ellison Is Everything Republicans Thought Obama Was. Maybe He's Just What Democrats Need". Mother Jones. Retrieved February 8, 2017. Under the byline Keith X Ellison, months after the march that he described as an epiphany, he penned an op-ed in the Twin Cities black weekly Insight News, pushing back against charges of anti-Semitism directed at Farrakhan. In 1997, nearly two years later, he endorsed a statement again defending Farrakhan. <a href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/02/keith-ellison-democratic-national-committee-chair" target="_blank">https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/02/keith-ellison-democratic-national-committee-chair</a> <a href="#fnref:193" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:194">Murphy, Tim (March–April 2017). "Keith Ellison Is Everything Republicans Thought Obama Was. Maybe He's Just What Democrats Need". Mother Jones. Retrieved February 8, 2017. Under the byline Keith X Ellison, months after the march that he described as an epiphany, he penned an op-ed in the Twin Cities black weekly Insight News, pushing back against charges of anti-Semitism directed at Farrakhan. In 1997, nearly two years later, he endorsed a statement again defending Farrakhan. <a href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/02/keith-ellison-democratic-national-committee-chair" target="_blank">https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/02/keith-ellison-democratic-national-committee-chair</a> <a href="#fnref:194" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:195">Cooperman, Alan (September 11, 2006). "Muslim Candidate Plays Defense Lead Shrinks as Minnesota Democrat Repudiates Association With Farrakhan". Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2006/09/11/muslim-candidate-plays-defense-span-classbankheadlead-shrinks-as-minnesota-democrat-repudiates-association-with-farrakhan-span/79546ad0-a175-48e9-b610-717846e0b99b/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2006/09/11/muslim-candidate-plays-defense-span-classbankheadlead-shrinks-as-minnesota-democrat-repudiates-association-with-farrakhan-span/79546ad0-a175-48e9-b610-717846e0b99b/</a> <a href="#fnref:195" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:196">Kersten, Katherine (September 17, 2006). "The excuses keep on coming for Ellison's behavior". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on October 4, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144643/http://www.startribune.com/191/story/683044.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20061004144643/http://www.startribune.com/191/story/683044.html</a> <a href="#fnref:196" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:197">Cooperman, Alan (September 11, 2006). "Muslim Candidate Plays Defense". The Washington Post. p. A03. Retrieved September 11, 2006. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html</a> <a href="#fnref:197" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:198">Johnson, Scott W. (October 9, 2006). "Louis Farrakhan's First Congressman". The Weekly Standard. News America Incorporated. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2006. <a href="https://archive.today/20120919133205/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/764obcsx.asp" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20120919133205/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/012/764obcsx.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:198" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:199">Diaz, Daniella (December 1, 2016). "Keith Ellison defends comments about Middle East in open letter to ADL". CNN. Retrieved December 2, 2016. CNN's KFile reviewed Ellison's past writings and public statements during the late 1980s through the 1990s, which revealed his decade-long involvement in the Nation of Islam. <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/01/politics/keith-ellison-anti-defamation-league-middle-east/" target="_blank">http://edition.cnn.com/2016/12/01/politics/keith-ellison-anti-defamation-league-middle-east/</a> <a href="#fnref:199" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:200">Jones, Tim (June 30, 2006). "Candidate finds past ties a real bind". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois: Tronc. p. 7. <a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2006/06/30/candidate-finds-past-ties-a-real-bind/" target="_blank">https://www.chicagotribune.com/2006/06/30/candidate-finds-past-ties-a-real-bind/</a> <a href="#fnref:200" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:201">Cooperman, Alan (September 11, 2006). "Muslim Candidate Plays Defense". The Washington Post. p. A03. Retrieved September 11, 2006. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html</a> <a href="#fnref:201" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:202">Cooperman, Alan (September 11, 2006). "Muslim Candidate Plays Defense". The Washington Post. p. A03. Retrieved September 11, 2006. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/10/AR2006091000951.html</a> <a href="#fnref:202" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:203">Lee Hudson Teslik (September 13, 2006). "A Muslim for the Hill?". Newsweek. Archived from the original on January 4, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070104033247/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14786303/site/newsweek/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070104033247/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14786303/site/newsweek/</a> <a href="#fnref:203" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:204">Montgomery, David (July 16, 2009). "Profile of Rep. Keith Ellison (D-Minn.), the First Muslim Elected to Congress". The Washington Post. Washington DC: Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071503902.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/15/AR2009071503902.html</a> <a href="#fnref:204" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:205">Rochelle Olson (October 24, 2006). "Minnesotan campaigns to be the first Muslim elected to Congress". McClatchy Newspapers. Archived from the original on November 14, 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061114123548/http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/montereyherald/news/nation/15839259.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20061114123548/http://www.montereyherald.com/mld/montereyherald/news/nation/15839259.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:205" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:206">"GOP's attack on Ellison focuses on U.S. Muslim". Minneapolis Star and Tribune. September 17, 2006. <a href="#fnref:206" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:207">Brandt Williams (October 18, 2006). "Sparks fly at 5th District debate". Minnesota Public Radio. <a href="http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2006/10/17/debate/" target="_blank">http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2006/10/17/debate/</a> <a href="#fnref:207" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:208">Rochelle, Olson (October 11, 2006). "Lee posts photo with Sabo; Fine ad attacks Ellison". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved November 4, 2006. At the same time, Republican Alan Fine on Thursday pressed on with attacks against Ellison, sending a mailing to 100,000 voters criticizing Ellison for accepting campaign contributions from leaders of the Council for American Islamic Relations (CAIR). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071023110829/http://www.startribune.com/10120/story/724880.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071023110829/http://www.startribune.com/10120/story/724880.html</a> <a href="#fnref:208" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:209">"Parvez Ahmed and Nihad Awad: Reject the political Muslim-bashing smears". Star Tribune. October 20, 2006. Retrieved November 4, 2006. There has been much sound and fury in certain circles about the American Muslim community's support for Keith Ellison and his campaign to represent Minnesota's Fifth Congressional District.[dead link] <a href="http://www.startribune.com/562/story/754239.html" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/562/story/754239.html</a> <a href="#fnref:209" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:210">Harnden, Toby (July 14, 2007). "Bush like Hitler, says first Muslim in Congress". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1557447/Bush-like-Hitler-says-first-Muslim-in-Congress.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1557447/Bush-like-Hitler-says-first-Muslim-in-Congress.html</a> <a href="#fnref:210" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:211">Harnden, Toby (July 14, 2007). "Bush like Hitler, says first Muslim in Congress". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1557447/Bush-like-Hitler-says-first-Muslim-in-Congress.html" target="_blank">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1557447/Bush-like-Hitler-says-first-Muslim-in-Congress.html</a> <a href="#fnref:211" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:212">Hume, Brit (July 12, 2007). "Wait Until You Hear Who's Comparing the Bush Administration to Nazi Germany". Fox News Channel. <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/wait-until-you-hear-whos-comparing-the-bush-administration-to-nazi-germany" target="_blank">https://www.foxnews.com/story/wait-until-you-hear-whos-comparing-the-bush-administration-to-nazi-germany</a> <a href="#fnref:212" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:213">John Gibson (July 16, 2007). "What I Think About Rep. Keith Ellison Comparing Bush to Hitler". Fox News Channel. <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/what-i-think-about-rep-keith-ellison-comparing-bush-to-hitler" target="_blank">https://www.foxnews.com/story/what-i-think-about-rep-keith-ellison-comparing-bush-to-hitler</a> <a href="#fnref:213" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:214">Sherman, Jake (July 17, 2007). "Ellison's remarks draw fresh complaints". Star Tribune.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1309051.html" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1309051.html</a> <a href="#fnref:214" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:215">Sherman, Jake (July 17, 2007). "Ellison's remarks draw fresh complaints". Star Tribune.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1309051.html" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1309051.html</a> <a href="#fnref:215" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:216">Jackie Kucinich (July 18, 2007). "Reps. Cantor, Wamp blast Ellison for 9/11 comments". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080906181847/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/reps.-cantor-wamp-blast-ellison-for-9/11-comments-2007-07-18.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080906181847/http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/reps.-cantor-wamp-blast-ellison-for-9/11-comments-2007-07-18.html</a> <a href="#fnref:216" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:217">Sherman, Jake (July 17, 2007). "Ellison's remarks draw fresh complaints". Star Tribune.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1309051.html" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1309051.html</a> <a href="#fnref:217" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:218">Kersten, Katherine (July 12, 2007). "Ellison's use of Reichstag fire goes overboard". Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN). <a href="#fnref:218" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:219">"Ellison cites Reichstag burning in attacking Bush policies". July 13, 2007. Archived from the original on July 17, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070717183435/http://www2.jta.org/cgi-bin/iowa/breaking/103009.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070717183435/http://www2.jta.org/cgi-bin/iowa/breaking/103009.html</a> <a href="#fnref:219" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:220">Sherman, Jake (July 17, 2007). "Ellison's remarks draw fresh complaints". Star Tribune.[permanent dead link] <a href="http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1309051.html" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/587/story/1309051.html</a> <a href="#fnref:220" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:221">Jim Brown (August 8, 2007). "Idaho congressman disturbed by Hindu prayer in Senate, election of Muslim to House". OneNewsNow.com. Archived from the original on August 22, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070822060601/http://www.onenewsnow.com/2007/08/Idaho_congressman_disturbed_by.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070822060601/http://www.onenewsnow.com/2007/08/Idaho_congressman_disturbed_by.php</a> <a href="#fnref:221" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:222">Dvorak, Todd (August 18, 2007). "Lawmaker Apologizes for Muslim Remarks". Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210606/http://www.wtop.com/?nid=104&sid=1224387" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210606/http://www.wtop.com/?nid=104&sid=1224387</a> <a href="#fnref:222" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:223">Admins, IP. "CAIR in the News". www.CAIR.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070600/http://www.cair.com/press-center/cair-in-the-news/9807-id-rep-s-comments-on-muslim-congressman-stir-debate.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070600/http://www.cair.com/press-center/cair-in-the-news/9807-id-rep-s-comments-on-muslim-congressman-stir-debate.html</a> <a href="#fnref:223" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:224">"Binding Ellison". The New York Sun (Editorial). December 6, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. <a href="https://www.nysun.com/article/editorials-binding-ellison" target="_blank">https://www.nysun.com/article/editorials-binding-ellison</a> <a href="#fnref:224" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:225">"Binding Ellison". The New York Sun (Editorial). December 6, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. <a href="https://www.nysun.com/article/editorials-binding-ellison" target="_blank">https://www.nysun.com/article/editorials-binding-ellison</a> <a href="#fnref:225" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:226">"Amendment I (Religion): Debate in North Carolina Ratifying Convention". press-pubs.uchicago.edu. <a href="https://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions52.html" target="_blank">https://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/amendI_religions52.html</a> <a href="#fnref:226" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:227">"Official Bio". keithellison.org. Archived from the original on February 19, 2009. Retrieved September 24, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219191150/http://keithellison.org/about.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090219191150/http://keithellison.org/about.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:227" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:228">"Making the choice" (PDF). Session Weekly — Minnesota House of Representatives. January 24, 2003. p. 16. Retrieved December 14, 2006. <a href="https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/2003-04/sw303.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:228" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:229">"Ellison may become the first Muslim in US Congress". American Muslim Perspective Online Magazine. September 13, 2006. Archived from the original on April 12, 2017. Retrieved April 11, 2017. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170412061627/http://www.archives2007.ghazali.net/html/ellison_may_become.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170412061627/http://www.archives2007.ghazali.net/html/ellison_may_become.html</a> <a href="#fnref:229" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:230">"From activist to authority, Jeremiah Ellison navigates Minneapolis' civil rights fight". Star Tribune. August 21, 2019. <a href="https://www.startribune.com/from-activist-to-authority-jeremiah-ellison-navigates-minneapolis-civil-rights-fight/557218002/" target="_blank">https://www.startribune.com/from-activist-to-authority-jeremiah-ellison-navigates-minneapolis-civil-rights-fight/557218002/</a> <a href="#fnref:230" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:231">Lopez, Patricia; Kaszuba, Mike (July 15, 2006). "Late campaign reports were her doing, Ellison's wife says". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Star Tribune Media Company, LLC. Archived from the original on June 10, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610183207/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-148286613.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140610183207/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-148286613.html</a> <a href="#fnref:231" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:232">"Keith Ellison and wife, Kim, file for legal separation". Archived from the original on March 2, 2013. Retrieved June 5, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302221732/http://blogs.citypages.com/blotter/2010/06/keith_ellison_f.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130302221732/http://blogs.citypages.com/blotter/2010/06/keith_ellison_f.php</a> <a href="#fnref:232" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:233">"Register of Actions Case No. 27-FA-11-7451: In the Marriage of Keith Maurice Ellison vs Kim Dore Ellison". <a href="http://pa.courts.state.mn.us/" target="_blank">http://pa.courts.state.mn.us/</a> <a href="#fnref:233" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:234">"Editorial Board endorsement: Our picks for Minneapolis and St. Paul school boards". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Star Tribune Media Company, LLC. October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="http://www.startribune.com/editorial-board-endorsement-our-picks-for-minneapolis-and-st-paul-school-boards/398567851/" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/editorial-board-endorsement-our-picks-for-minneapolis-and-st-paul-school-boards/398567851/</a> <a href="#fnref:234" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:235">Raghavendran, Beena (November 8, 2016). "New Minneapolis school board members promise change". Star Tribune. Retrieved October 15, 2017. <a href="http://www.startribune.com/school-board-candidates-promise-change/400485061/" target="_blank">http://www.startribune.com/school-board-candidates-promise-change/400485061/</a> <a href="#fnref:235" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:236">"Congressman Ellison to Receive ADC Trailblazer Award During ADC Convention" (Press release). Washington DC: American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. May 18, 2007. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="http://www.adc.org/congressman-ellison-to-receive-adc-trailblazer-award-during-adc-convention/" target="_blank">http://www.adc.org/congressman-ellison-to-receive-adc-trailblazer-award-during-adc-convention/</a> <a href="#fnref:236" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:237">"Representative Keith Ellison: Muslim Patriot". Utne Reader. Topeka, Kansas: Ogden Publications. November–December 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2011. <a href="https://www.utne.com/politics/utne-reader-visionaries-keith-ellison-muslim-patriot" target="_blank">https://www.utne.com/politics/utne-reader-visionaries-keith-ellison-muslim-patriot</a> <a href="#fnref:237" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:238">"An excerpt from Keith Ellison's "My Country 'Tis of Thee'". MSNBC. January 7, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2018. <a href="https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/excerpt-keith-ellisons-new-book" target="_blank">https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/excerpt-keith-ellisons-new-book</a> <a href="#fnref:238" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:239">Ellison, Keith (May 2023), Break the Wheel: Ending the Cycle of Police Violence, New York: Hachette Book Group, ISBN 978-1-5387-2563-4 <a href="978-1-5387-2563-4" target="_blank">978-1-5387-2563-4</a> <a href="#fnref:239" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:240">"2002 General Election Results – Minnesota Secretary of State". May 23, 2003. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. Retrieved December 14, 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060924220449/http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/20021105/ElecRslts.asp?M=LG&LD=A&R=ALLREPS" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060924220449/http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/20021105/ElecRslts.asp?M=LG&LD=A&R=ALLREPS</a> <a href="#fnref:240" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:241">"Election results: Minnesota: State Legislative". Minnesota Public Radio. 2004. Retrieved December 16, 2006. <a href="http://minnesota.publicradio.org/collections/special/2004/campaign/results/data/html/ld/ld_58Bdata.html" target="_blank">http://minnesota.publicradio.org/collections/special/2004/campaign/results/data/html/ld/ld_58Bdata.html</a> <a href="#fnref:241" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:242">"2012 General Election Results – Minnesota Secretary of State". November 6, 2012. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106033336/http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/ENR/Results/CongressionalResults/1?id=560" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121106033336/http://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/ENR/Results/CongressionalResults/1?id=560</a> <a href="#fnref:242" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:243">"Ballotpedia: Minnesota's 5th Congressional District elections, 2014". Retrieved October 12, 2014. <a href="http://ballotpedia.org/Minnesota's_5th_Congressional_District_elections,_2014#General_election_results" target="_blank">http://ballotpedia.org/Minnesota's_5th_Congressional_District_elections,_2014#General_election_results</a> <a href="#fnref:243" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:244">"Minnesota U.S. House 5th District Results: Keith Ellison Wins". The New York Times. November 13, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/minnesota-house-district-5-ellison-drake" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/elections/results/minnesota-house-district-5-ellison-drake</a> <a href="#fnref:244" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:245">"Statewide Results for Attorney General". Minnesota Secretary of State. Retrieved November 18, 2018. <a href="https://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/Results/AttorneyGeneral/115?id=st&officeInElectionId=17118" target="_blank">https://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/Results/AttorneyGeneral/115?id=st&officeInElectionId=17118</a> <a href="#fnref:245" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:246">"2022 GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS". Minnesota Secretary of State. <a href="https://www.sos.state.mn.us/elections-voting/election-results/2022/2022-general-election-results/" target="_blank">https://www.sos.state.mn.us/elections-voting/election-results/2022/2022-general-election-results/</a> <a href="#fnref:246" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Keith Ellison open-in-new

Keith Ellison