Pak Chega

<h2 id="background">Background</h2>
<p>Pak Chega was a famous Silhak scholar in the late Joseon Dynasty. He was a student of another famous Silhak scholar, <a href="/facts/Pak_Chiw%25C5%258Fn_(philosopher)/P60IsNTN">Pak Chiwŏn</a>. Pak Chega was born in 1750 and died in 1815. Pak Chega went to the <a href="/facts/Qing_dynasty/5j6r4p5m">Qing dynasty</a> after becoming a student of Pak Chiwŏn. He learned about China's modern culture, advanced techniques, and its economic system while there. After returning from Qing, Pak Chiwŏn worked in <a href="/facts/Jiphyeonjeon/cSjYnTrB">Jiphyeonjeon</a>, a place where important scholars and scientists worked, during the time of King <a href="/facts/Jeongjo_of_Joseon/MnM81rkm">Jeongjo</a>.
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<h2 id="legacy">Legacy</h2>
<p>Because the Joseon government supported 'Yuhak', a neo-Confucianist conservative ideology, Pak Chega had an important role and his desire was to make <a href="/facts/Joseon/Vv7SVEfL">Joseon</a> rich in science and commerce.
</p><p>He authored several books; the compilation is titled, <i>Jeongyungyp.</i> He wrote about making the commerce system stronger in <i>Umyoungnomchogo</i> and <i>Gunyeonjib</i>. At that time, it was quite shocking to believe in <a href="/facts/Silhak/PHxgGYNc">Silhak</a>, whose ideas opposed Yuhak.
</p><p>Pak Chega developed the way of agriculture, and he also enhanced some of the farming machinery to cultivate plants.
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<h2 id="bukhak-theory">Bukhak theory</h2>
<p>He argued that using the cart to develop local commerce and at the same time develop strong ships to actively enter foreign trade in his book, <Bukhakui>. He called for improving the reality and proactively embracing the culture of the Qing Dynasty. He argued for the abolition of Joseon's status system, and considered commerce and industry important. He said, " If we actively take advantage of the natural environment of Joseon, which is surrounded by the sea on three sides, and develop it into maritime trade, the national power will become strong and the livelihood of the people will be stabilized."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
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<h2 id="books">Books</h2>
<ul><li>Bukhagui (북학의 北學議) :</li>
<li>Jeongyujip (정유집 貞否集)</li>
<li>Myeongnongchogo (명농초고 明農草稿)</li>
<li>Hangaekgeonyeonjip (한객건연집 韓客巾衍集)</li>
<li>Sigo (시고 詩稿)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Muyedobotongji/q6y73RdE">Muyedobotongji</a> (무예도보통지 武藝圖譜通志)</li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Kim Haboush, JaHyun and <a href="/facts/Martina_Deuchler/wpo9qXHL">Martina Deuchler</a> (1999). <i>Culture and the State in Late Chosŏn Korea.</i>  Cambridge: Harvard University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780674179820; <a href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/40926015">OCLC 40926015</a></li>
<li>Lee, Peter H. (1993). <i>Sourcebook of Korean Civilization</i>, Vol.  1. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780231079129; <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780231079143; <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780231104449; <a href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26353271">OCLC 26353271</a></li>
<li>Noh, Daehwan. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614035130/http://www.ekoreajournal.net/upload/html/HTML43412.html">"The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century,"</a> <i>Korea Journal.</i> Winter 2003.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/02/23/2010022302310.html">우린 아직 박제가를 모른다</a> 조선일보 2010.02.23</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722141246/http://www.mtcha.com.ne.kr/korea-term/sosun/term336-jungsanghagpa.htm">중상학파 (重商學派)</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061939/http://nationalculture.mcst.go.kr/person/data/person_view.jsp?cp_seq=75">1997년 08월의 문화인물:초정 박제가(楚亭 朴齊家)</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Pyŏng-man An (2003). Elites and political power in South Korea. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-84064-971-0. <a href="978-1-84064-971-0" target="_blank">978-1-84064-971-0</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>[실학, 조선의 재건을 꿈꾸다] 20. 북학으로 조선을 재건하자_초정 박제가. 경기일보 (in Korean). Retrieved 2018-04-28. <a href="[실학, 조선의 재건을 꿈꾸다] 20. 북학으로 조선을 재건하자_초정 박제가" target="_blank">[실학, 조선의 재건을 꿈꾸다] 20. 북학으로 조선을 재건하자_초정 박제가</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Pak Chega open-in-new

Pak Chega