Pivot language

<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Interlingual_machine_translation/NNCdra1F">Interlingual machine translation</a></p>
<p><a href="/facts/English_language/tpkxGt7b">English</a>, <a href="/facts/French_language/qe1DnaQh">French</a>, <a href="/facts/Russian_language/ETXrTgHV">Russian</a>, and <a href="/facts/Arabic_language/A1e66hVV">Arabic</a> are often used as pivot languages.  <a href="/facts/Interlingua/eKNyxEGI">Interlingua</a> has been used as a pivot language in international conferences and has been proposed as a pivot language for the <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a>  <a href="/facts/Esperanto/5cWPoLuM">Esperanto</a> was proposed as a pivot language in the <a href="/facts/Distributed_Language_Translation/rBsnI89r">Distributed Language Translation</a> project and has been used in this way in the Majstro Tradukvortaro at the Esperanto website <a href="http://www.majstro.com/">Majstro.com</a>.  The <a href="/facts/Universal_Networking_Language/G56NlQkT">Universal Networking Language</a> is an artificial language specifically designed for use as a pivot language.
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<h2 id="in-computing">In computing</h2>
<p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Intermediate_language/s0qRrbfh">Intermediate language</a> and <a href="/facts/Data_conversion/ovcQxA3K">Data conversion § Pivotal conversion</a></p>
<p>Pivot coding is also a common method of translating data for computer systems.  For example, the <a href="/facts/Internet_Protocol/Qq6VeEal">Internet Protocol</a>, <a href="/facts/XML/clNgUfWk">XML</a> and <a href="/facts/High_level_language/smjECUhx">high level languages</a> are pivot codings of computer data which are then often rendered into internal binary formats for particular computer systems.
</p><p><a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Unicode</a> was designed to be usable as a pivot coding between various major existing character encodings, though its widespread adoption as a coding in its own right has made this usage unimportant.
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<ul><li>Hua Wu and Haifeng Wang. 2009. <a href="http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P09-1018">Revisiting Pivot Language Approach for Machine Translation</a>.  ACL-09.</li>
<li>Utiyama, M. & H. Isahara (2006) <a href="http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N07-1061">A comparison of pivot methods for phrase-based statistical machine translation</a>. In Proceedings of NAACL/HLT, 484{491.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Breinstrup, Thomas. "Linguaphobos? Non in le UE". [Linguaphobes? Not in the EU]. Panorama in Interlingua, 2006, Issue 5. <a href="/wiki/Panorama_in_Interlingua" target="_blank">/wiki/Panorama_in_Interlingua</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Pivot language open-in-new

Pivot language