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Xenosaga
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<h2 id="titles">Titles</h2> <h3>Games</h3> <p><i>Xenosaga</i> spans five different games sharing a single continuity; the three mainline games for the <a href="/facts/PlayStation_2/gbFBT7AX">PlayStation 2</a>, a spin-off and prequel for <a href="/facts/Mobile_devices/cNS1Rhvg">mobile devices</a>, and a remake of the first two entries in the trilogy for the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_DS/4uVHPrnp">Nintendo DS</a>. Each title in the trilogy features a subtitle taken from the published work of German philosopher <a href="/facts/Friedrich_Nietzsche/u7VdQ5sg">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> Release timeline<table><tbody><tr><th scope="row">2002</th><td><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_I/JBLJGDGB">Episode I: Der Wille zur Macht</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2003</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2">2004</th><td><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_II/RPurXWAj">Episode II: Jenseits von Gut und Böse</a></i></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga%3a_Pied_Piper/r2T1UzY9">Pied Piper</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2005</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2">2006</th><td><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_I_%2526_II/yM4JTt8R">I & II</a></i></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_III/TLrjKFhH">Episode III: Also sprach Zarathustra</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_I/JBLJGDGB">Xenosaga Episode I</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> was first released in Japan on February 28, 2002, for the <a href="/facts/PlayStation_2/gbFBT7AX">PlayStation 2</a> (PS2).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Its North American release came on February 25, 2003.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> An international version titled <i>Xenosaga Episode I Reloaded</i> was released in Japan on November 20, 2003.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The game's subtitle, <i>Der Wille zur Macht</i>, was taken from the native title of <i><a href="/facts/The_Will_to_Power_(manuscript)/YrasBExo">The Will to Power</a></i>, a posthumously published collection of notes written by <a href="/facts/Friedrich_Nietzsche/u7VdQ5sg">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_II/RPurXWAj">Xenosaga Episode II</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> was released on June 24, 2004, in Japan for the PS2.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The game was released in North America on February 15, 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> In Europe, the game was published by <a href="/facts/Sony_Computer_Entertainment/tnH01NqQ">Sony Computer Entertainment Europe</a> on October 28, 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> It is the only game to have been released in Europe.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> The subtitle, <i>Jenseits von Gut und Böse</i>, is taken from the native title of Nietzsche's philosophical novel <i><a href="/facts/Beyond_Good_and_Evil/79zsyCaQ">Beyond Good and Evil</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga%3a_Pied_Piper/r2T1UzY9">Xenosaga: Pied Piper</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> was released across three episodes between July and October 2004 for <a href="/facts/Vodafone/kjCgcHma">Vodafone</a> <a href="/facts/Mobile_devices/cNS1Rhvg">mobile devices</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> A version for <a href="/facts/NTT_DoCoMo/vW4uaTaj">NTT DoCoMo</a>'s <a href="/facts/I-mode/pLNzMYkP">i-mode</a> service was released on July 5, 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> <i>Pied Piper</i> remains exclusive to Japan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> Its subtitle is inspired by the German fable of the <a href="/facts/Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin/ER6qpLdx">Pied Piper of Hamelin</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_I_%2526_II/yM4JTt8R">Xenosaga I & II</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> was released in Japan on March 30, 2006, for the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_DS/4uVHPrnp">Nintendo DS</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> The game is a remake of <i>Episode I</i> and <i>Episode II</i>, with redrawn artwork, gameplay adjusted for a portable platform, and additional story elements based on cut content from the home console versions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Like <i>Pied Piper</i>, <i>Xenosaga I & II</i> remains exclusive to Japan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_III/TLrjKFhH">Xenosaga Episode III</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> was released in Japan on July 6, 2006, for the PlayStation 2 console.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> It was released in North America on August 29 of the same year, published by the then-rebranded <a href="/facts/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment/59nLvQuM">Namco Bandai Games</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> The game is the last entry to have been released in the <i>Xenosaga</i> series to date.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> The subtitle, <i>Also Sprach Zarathustra</i>, is taken from Nietzsche's novel <i><a href="/facts/Thus_Spoke_Zarathustra/Nrpaj0kh">Thus Spoke Zarathustra</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>Additional media</h3> <p>Following the release of <i>Episode I</i>, a supplementary disc titled <i>Xenosaga Freaks</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> was released on April 28, 2004. The disc features a visual novel segment featuring multiple characters from the game, a minigame dubbed <i>XenoPitten</i>, a dictionary that explains the game's terminology, and a demo for <i>Episode II</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> <i>Freaks</i> was part of a movement with the <i>Xenosaga</i> series to turn it into a multimedia franchise, with the project growing substantially larger than previously planned.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> <i>Xenosaga Episode I</i> was adapted as a manga by Atsushi Baba and published through <i><a href="/facts/Monthly_Comic_Zero_Sum/geIkgkYE">Monthly Comic Zero Sum</a></i>. It was later released in three volumes by publisher <a href="/facts/Ichijinsha/vsbNK2Ku">Ichijinsha</a> between 2004 and 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> Additionally an anime adaptation titled <i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga%3a_The_Animation/G9UehKBD">Xenosaga: The Animation</a></i>, which adapted the events of the first game, was produced by <a href="/facts/Toei_Animation/Tr5JNfPo">Toei Animation</a>. Originally broadcast on <a href="/facts/TV_Asahi/L9n4fxcF">TV Asahi</a> between January and March 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> the anime was later licensed and dubbed for a North American release; originally licensed by <a href="/facts/A.D._Vision/hN9211Jn">A.D. Vision</a>, the North American rights are currently held by <a href="/facts/Funimation_Entertainment/0h645opn">Funimation Entertainment</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> Multiple staff from <i>Xenosaga: The Animation</i> later worked on <i>Xenosaga I & II</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="common-elements">Common elements</h2> <h3>Gameplay</h3> <p>Gameplay in the <i>Xenosaga</i> series feature similar gameplay across its various entries. The core gameplay revolves around the player controlling a party of characters navigating different environments including dungeons, with combat initiated when exploring environments and touching sprites representing enemy groups. Combat makes use of a traditional <a href="/facts/Turns%2c_rounds_and_time-keeping_systems_in_games/1wFkha3F">turn-based</a> battle system, with basic mechanics involving the spending or conserving of Action Points (AP).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> Battles feature combat using both human party members, and in <a href="/facts/Mecha/1uX6xzT8">mecha</a> known under different titles in each game.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> <i>Episode I</i> introduces the basic gameplay and combat systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> <i>Episode II</i> incorporates multiple levels of attack types which different enemies are weak to, combined with alterations to the performance of mechs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> <i>Episode III</i> further expands upon the system, and mechs have expanded functions including dedicated dungeon environments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> <i>Xenosaga I & II</i> reworks the gameplay systems; combat takes place during random encounters while exploring, and characters are arranged and have elements of their combat dictated by their placement on a grid.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> <i>Pied Piper</i> incorporates gameplay systems similar to <i>Episode I</i> adjusted for mobile devices, with navigation separate from battles which take place in a virtual zone tied to the narrative.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> </p> <h3>Setting</h3> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/List_of_Xenosaga_characters/DcATX3Qz">List of Xenosaga characters</a></p> <p>The <i>Xenosaga</i> series takes place within a single <a href="/facts/Science_fiction/d9hE2Lwt">science fiction</a> universe. In the year "20XX", humanity discovers the Zohar—a primordial artifact which connects to the realm of a god-like energy dubbed U-DO—is discovered on <a href="/facts/Earth/HLLmDfj0">Earth</a> and allows travel beyond the <a href="/facts/Solar_System/QIcLSazQ">Solar System</a>. A disaster causes Earth's location to be lost, becoming known as "Lost Jerusalem". By the game's events, humanity has adopted a new calendar system dubbed "Transcend Christ" (T.C.), with the series' events beginning in T.C. 4768—equivalent to A.D. 7278, with humanity forming a Galaxy Federation. Planets are connected through a warp travel network called the Unus Mundus Network (U.M.N.), managed by Vector Industries, which also controls interests in the Federation's military. Existing alongside humans are Realians, synthetic humans who hold equal status with natural humans.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> The Federation is attacked by the Gnosis, an ancient species revealed to be formed of souls who rejected U-DO. Vector develops two different weapon systems to fight the Gnosis: humanoid mecha dubbed AGWS (Anti Gnosis Weapon System), and the similar but more powerful KOS-MOS battle androids. There also exist more advanced AGWS models called E.S., powered by Lost Jerusalem artifacts called Vessels of Anima.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> A key backstory event is the Miltian Conflict, which occurred fourteen years before the events of <i>Episode I</i>. Beginning as a war between the U-TIC Organization and the Federation, it escalated when a group of Realians went berserk when an experiment to suppress U-DO's energies went wrong. Miltia was lost in a space-time anomaly. Key organizations include the Federation government; the Kukai Foundation, a group that acts as a shelter for enhanced humans including U.R.T.V.s; Vector Industries, a megacorporation controlling the U.M.N.; a splinter faction called the U-TIC Organization; religious cult Ormus, which funds U-TIC; and the Testaments, a group of men who have been granted a form of immortality following their original deaths.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> </p><p>The first game follows series protagonists <a href="/facts/Shion_Uzuki/nA5Ke5UY">Shion Uzuki</a> and prototype battle android <a href="/facts/KOS-MOS/PkMcfKfH">KOS-MOS</a> escaping a Gnosis attack and traveling to Second Miltia aboard the passenger freighter <i>Elsa</i>, where they meet a young man called chaos. Together with U.R.T.V. and Kukai co-founder Jr., the group thwart the plans of Albedo Piazzolla, Jr.'s biological brother.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> In <i>Episode II</i>, Albedo uses information gathered during the events of <i>Episode I</i> to open the way to the original planet Miltia, which becomes the focus of a conflict between the Federation and Ormus. Ormus' leader Sergius gains control of a powerful mech called Proto Omega, destroying Miltia in the process. He is then killed by the Testaments, who give Albedo control of Proto Omega, forcing Jr. to kill him.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a> In <i>Episode III</i>, Shion, KOS-MOS, chaos and the rest of their group confront both the Testaments—which includes a resurrected Albedo—and Vector CEO Wilhelm. Wilhelm is revealed to be an immortal being stopping the universe's destruction through <a href="/facts/Eternal_return/LIBWpAFU">eternal recurrence</a>. The group defeats him, then KOS-MOS and chaos help banish the Gnosis to the region of Lost Jerusalem. Shion and Jr. set off to find Lost Jerusalem and save the universe.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a> <i>Pied Piper</i> follows the character Jan Sauer—later known as the cyborg Ziggurat 8 (Ziggy for short)—as he investigates the crimes of a cyberspace-based serial killer a century before the events of <i>Episode I</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Concept and development</h3> <p>The creator of <i>Xenosaga</i> was <a href="/facts/Tetsuya_Takahashi/Hzt4XXLn">Tetsuya Takahashi</a>, who had previously worked at <a href="/facts/Square_(video_game_company)/cR2vkQHf">Square</a> on multiple projects including entries in the <i><a href="/facts/Final_Fantasy/fPy2r0SU">Final Fantasy</a></i> series. Together with his wife <a href="/facts/Soraya_Saga/fHoHMBKl">Soraya Saga</a>, Takahashi created a proposal for <i><a href="/facts/Final_Fantasy_VII/9nbejnjN">Final Fantasy VII</a></i>; while rejected, they were allowed to develop the proposal as its own project, titled <i><a href="/facts/Xenogears/HaHT9MET">Xenogears</a></i>. A sequel to <i>Xenogears</i> was allegedly in the planning stages, but it was never released.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> Wanting to create his own project, unable to get suitable funding from Square, and disagreeing with Square's focus on its major franchises such as <i>Final Fantasy</i>, Takahashi left Square and founded <a href="/facts/Monolith_Soft/ayuFAaon">Monolith Soft</a> with a number of staff from <i>Xenogears</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> Creating the proposal for <i>Xenosaga</i> during 1999 as a six-part series, development began on the first game in 2000 under the codename "Project X", taking two years to develop with a staff of between 60 and 100 people, with around 20 of them being veterans of <i>Xenogears</i>. The team were helped by <a href="/facts/Namco/DA5E3xqv">Namco</a>, who provided funding and acted as the publisher.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a> The scenario was written by Takahashi and Saga. The <i>Xenosaga</i> series, while carrying over thematic and design elements from <i>Xenogears</i>, is an unconnected <a href="/facts/Spiritual_successor/qKjW42FU">spiritual successor</a> to that game.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a> </p><p>Following the release of <i>Episode I</i>, Takahashi and other Monolith Soft staff reassessed the series and the general structure of Monolith Soft. Takahashi, who had acted as the first game's director, stepped down to allow the <i>Xenosaga</i> series to grow. He gave the development of <i>Episode II</i> and future <i>Xenosaga</i> projects to a team of younger developers. The new team decided to shift the game's focus based on player feedback and expand the series into other media. Takahashi continued to act as a supervisor to ensure the series remained true to the original overall plan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a> The draft, created by Takahashi and Saga, was turned into a script by Norihiko Yonesaka, who needed to condense and even cut several events from the original draft to fit it into a single game.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a> Saga later commented that these changes resulted in the planned scenario for <i>Episode III</i> also being changed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a> A portion of the intended narrative of <i>Episode II</i> was turned into the plot of <i>Pied Piper</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a> <i>Pied Piper</i> was co-developed by Monolith Soft, <a href="/facts/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment/59nLvQuM">Namco Mobile</a> and Tom Create.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a> Following the completion of <i>Episode II</i> and <i>Pied Piper</i>, Saga left the series.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a> </p><p>When <i>Episode I</i> and <i>Episode II</i> were remade as <i>Xenosaga I & II</i>, which was Monolith Soft's first portable title and co-developed with Tom Create.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a> Takahashi worked with scenario writer Yuichiro Takeda on the scenario, which was to both include the original games' events and incorporate elements and scenarios cut from the original versions. While doing this, Takahashi and Takeda needed to keep the scenario consistent with the in-development <i>Episode III</i>. The volume of the game's scenario and Takahashi's wish to cut as little story as possible resulted in the game being given a two-dimensional artstyle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a> <i>Episode III</i>, which began development during the last development stages for <i>Episode II</i>, was designed to be the last entry in the <i>Xenosaga</i> series. In addition to up the story of Shion while also leaving room for further entries if there was enough demand, further adjustments were made to both gameplay and graphics based on combined staff comments and fan feedback. Takahashi supervised the project and created the draft, with the script again being written by Yonesaka.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a> </p><p>The <i>Xenosaga</i> series incorporates multiple references to <a href="/facts/Christian_mythology/BJ14Gguo">Biblical mythology</a>, <a href="/facts/Jewish_mysticism/YhAJEld7">Jewish mysticism</a> and <a href="/facts/Gnosticism/gVGVzaAN">Gnosticism</a>; several character, object and place names (such as <a href="/facts/Nephilim/C46e8WMm">Nephilim</a>, <a href="/facts/Zohar/MnuYmUSU">Zohar</a>, <a href="/facts/Gnosis/pgV02FTV">Gnosis</a>, <a href="/facts/Merkabah_mysticism/E1yhrlcG">Merkabah</a>) are taken from sources within these belief systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a> The universal structure incorporates elements of <a href="/facts/Zen/Fvgltk1w">Zen</a>, with the names of central characters KOS-MOS and chaos being deliberate homages to the <a href="/facts/Universe/XbfpnDmM">universal</a> concepts of order and <a href="/facts/Chaos_(cosmogony)/54jIl8oM">chaos</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a> It additionally draws on the philosophy and literature of <a href="/facts/Carl_Jung/k651RvXp">Carl Jung</a> and Nietzsche.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a> Nietzsche in particular is heavily referenced throughout the <i>Xenosaga</i> trilogy, with each entry taking its subtitle from the native title of one of his famous works; for <i>Episode I</i> and <i>Episode II</i>, the subtitles tied directly into the story themes and characters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a> The subtitle of <i>Pied Piper</i> likewise tied to the game's narrative.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a> </p> <h3>Music</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Music_of_Xenosaga/85re0vs7">Music of Xenosaga</a></p> <p>The score for <i>Episode I</i> was composed by <a href="/facts/Yasunori_Mitsuda/y6FdY7B7">Yasunori Mitsuda</a>, who had created the music for <i>Xenogears</i>. Mitsuda worked with Takahashi to create tracks based upon specific locations and scenario elements rather than general recycled tracks for segments of the game.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a> For <i>Episode II</i>, the music was composed by three people: <a href="/facts/Yuki_Kajiura/GeXqheN4">Yuki Kajiura</a>, who had found fame as a composer for anime series; <a href="/facts/Shinji_Hosoe/qlpEzF0f">Shinji Hosoe</a>, who worked on <i><a href="/facts/Street_Fighter_EX/3Shr7kaJ">Street Fighter EX</a></i> and the <i><a href="/facts/Ridge_Racer/5EUcVlmB">Ridge Racer</a></i> series; and Ayako Saso, who had composed for <i><a href="/facts/Galaxian/otCIee8U">Galaxian</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Street_Fighter_EX/3Shr7kaJ">Street Fighter EX</a></i>. Kajiura worked on tracks which played during cinematic cutscenes, while Hosoe and Saso composed other cutscene music and gameplay tracks. Hosoe and Saso worked together as part of the Super Sweep music group, but they did not collaborate with Kajiura on any tracks, or even meet with her during the game's production.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a> Kajiura returned to create the entire score for <i>Episode III</i>, drawing upon the game's concept art and scenario when creating the music.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a> All three games have received album releases, although both <i>Episode II</i> and <i>Episode III</i> saw large portions of their scores go unreleased due to varying factors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="reception">Reception</h2> <p>In an article for <a href="/facts/1UP.com/TG4nKyjN">1UP.com</a> about video game series that had ended prematurely, Scott Sharkey felt that no-one was surprised when the series ended with <i>Episode III</i> as he deemed the series far too ambitious.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a> Jeremy Parish, writing for <a href="/facts/Eurogamer/DjDbSqEj">USGamer</a>, felt that Takahashi managed to "[come] through" despite his planned six-part series being cut down by half, with <i>Episode III</i> being a satisfactory conclusion to the series' storyline. He also noted that <i>Xenosaga</i> showed a trend with Takakashi's work of being ambitious to the point of needing to compromise the original plan due to external limitations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a> Blake Peterson, in a feature on the <i>Xenosaga</i> series, felt that the success of later <i>Xeno</i> titles—which took a different approach and had met with critical and commercial success—meant that the <i>Xenosaga</i> series would not be continued.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a> </p> <h3>Individual titles</h3> Japanese and Western review scores<i>As of July 26, 2017.</i><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Game</th><th scope="col"><i><a href="/facts/Famitsu_scores/oGDCh2bY">Famitsu</a></i></th><th scope="col"><a href="/facts/Metacritic/Wve8EJFd">Metacritic</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_I/JBLJGDGB">Xenosaga Episode I</a> </i></th><td>33/40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a></td><td>83/100 (35 reviews)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_II/RPurXWAj">Xenosaga Episode II</a> </i></th><td>33/40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a></td><td>73/100 (45 reviews)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_I_%2526_II/yM4JTt8R">Xenosaga I & II</a> </i></th><td>31/40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><i><a href="/facts/Xenosaga_Episode_III/TLrjKFhH">Xenosaga Episode III</a> </i></th><td>33/40<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a></td><td>81/100 (34 reviews)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Episode I</i> received positive reviews upon release. The narrative was generally praised for its complex structure and cinematic approach, while its gameplay was seen as enjoyable despite initially being complicated even by genre standards and the mech segments not feeling consequential. The graphics and music were generally praised, although the latter was felt to be too sparse.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a> <i>Episode II</i>, which had seen its gameplay and graphics reworked from <i>Episode I</i>, received praise from critics for both these adjustments and the refocusing of its narrative despite the latter's short length. The replacement of some of the original English voice actors also came in for criticism.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129"><sup>129</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130"><sup>130</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131"><sup>131</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132"><sup>132</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133"><sup>133</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134"><sup>134</sup></a> </p><p><i>Episode III</i> received praise for its narrative and the way it concluded the series' overarching plot, but many felt that there was too much need for knowledge of the original games for it to be enjoyable for newcomers. The battle system and character customization also saw praise, although other gameplay aspects such as side activities divided opinion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135"><sup>135</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136"><sup>136</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137"><sup>137</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138"><sup>138</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139"><sup>139</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140"><sup>140</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141"><sup>141</sup></a> <i>Xenosaga I & II</i> was generally praised by critics; while some more technical elements of the story slowed the pace, the narrative was generally seen as the game's strongest feature, while the general gameplay and battle system were also praised for removing the more convoluted elements from the mainline titles. In import reviews, it was commented that the extensive amount of Japanese text would be the largest barrier for those who wished to import the game from Japan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142"><sup>142</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143"><sup>143</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144"><sup>144</sup></a> </p> <h3>Sales</h3> <p><i>Episode I</i> managed a strong debut, selling over 240,000 units within three days of its release,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145"><sup>145</sup></a> and becoming the seventh best-selling game in Japan during 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146"><sup>146</sup></a> It was also a commercial success internationally,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147"><sup>147</sup></a> going on to sell over one million copies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148"><sup>148</sup></a> <i>Episode II</i> debuted at #2 in sales charts,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149"><sup>149</sup></a> going on to sell 280,000 in Japan during 2004.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150"><sup>150</sup></a> It also saw commercial success in North America, although no sales figures were revealed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151"><sup>151</sup></a> Despite this, <i>Episode II</i> underperformed commercially, reaching just over 50% of Namco's projected sales target.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152"><sup>152</sup></a> <i>Xenosaga I & II</i> met with poor sales, with its debut being seen as disappointing for the still-popular series,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153"><sup>153</sup></a> and going on to sell over 38,000 units during 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154"><sup>154</sup></a> <i>Episode III</i> debuted with sales approaching 124,000, noted as being the lowest debut for the main trilogy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155"><sup>155</sup></a> Selling over 181,000 copies in Japan during 2006,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156"><sup>156</sup></a> it went on to sell 343,000 units across Japan, mainland Asia and North America by February 2007.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157"><sup>157</sup></a> Takahashi later stated that the series as a whole had underperformed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158"><sup>158</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="legacy">Legacy</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Xenoblade_Chronicles/lKResSgx">Xenoblade Chronicles</a></p> <p>The initial success of <i>Xenosaga</i> turned Monolith Soft into a popular developer, with Namco placing the company alongside <a href="/facts/Namco_Tales_Studio/hbpjtEGo">Namco Tales Studio</a> as a valuable development partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159"><sup>159</sup></a> Following the release of <i>Episode III</i>, and the mixed reception received by the series as a whole, the entire development team were in a state of low morale. Partly to boost team morale and create a game players would enjoy, the team developed a new RPG for the <a href="/facts/Wii/BxUgl2da">Wii</a>. Originally titled <i>Monado: Beginning of the World</i>, its title was eventually changed to <i><a href="/facts/Xenoblade_Chronicles_(video_game)/kgyTpJC3">Xenoblade Chronicles</a></i>. During its development, the team moved away from the narrative and design techniques used for the <i>Xenosaga</i> games, which were considered old-fashioned.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160"><sup>160</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161"><sup>161</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162"><sup>162</sup></a> The success of <i>Xenoblade Chronicles</i> led to the development of further <i>Xenoblade Chronicles</i> titles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163"><sup>163</sup></a> In a later interview, Takahashi stated that he would be willing to develop further titles in the <i>Xenosaga</i> series if funding was provided.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164"><sup>164</sup></a> </p><p>The character KOS-MOS was included as part of the playable cast of <i><a href="/facts/Namco_%25C3%2597_Capcom/EJf2a8JS">Namco × Capcom</a></i> for the <a href="/facts/PlayStation_2/gbFBT7AX">PlayStation 2</a>, a crossover title developed by Monolith Soft featuring characters from both Namco and <a href="/facts/Capcom/XBPVAyhV">Capcom</a>-owned game franchises.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165"><sup>165</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166"><sup>166</sup></a> KOS-MOS and her rival from <i>Xenosaga Episode III</i> T-elos appeared in <i><a href="/facts/Super_Robot_Taisen_OG_Saga%3a_Endless_Frontier/d7gtRFgS">Super Robot Taisen OG Saga: Endless Frontier</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167"><sup>167</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168"><sup>168</sup></a> Supporting character MOMO was later introduced alongside KOS-MOS and T-elos in the game's sequel <i><a href="/facts/Super_Robot_Taisen_OG_Saga%3a_Endless_Frontier_Exceed/AgXEg70b">Super Robot Taisen OG Saga: Endless Frontier Exceed</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169"><sup>169</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170"><sup>170</sup></a> Both KOS-MOS and T-elos starred in <i><a href="/facts/Project_X_Zone/atz5cxJy">Project X Zone</a></i> for the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_3DS/nXIxNh1b">Nintendo 3DS</a>, a spiritual successor to <i>Namco × Capcom</i> from the same development team.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171"><sup>171</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172"><sup>172</sup></a> KOS-MOS also appeared in its sequel <i><a href="/facts/Project_X_Zone_2/bz9XVUI1">Project X Zone 2</a></i> alongside <i>Xenoblade Chronicles</i> heroine Fiora.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173"><sup>173</sup></a> KOS-MOS and T-elos made cameo appearances as titular blades in <i><a href="/facts/Xenoblade_Chronicles_2/aA0DYg89">Xenoblade Chronicles 2</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174"><sup>174</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175"><sup>175</sup></a> KOS-MOS's head armor from <i>Xenosaga I</i> makes a late game appearance in <i><a href="/facts/Tales_of_Arise/BuUdNYfa">Tales of Arise</a></i> as part of its artifacts system. KOS-MOS was added as a playable character during a limited-time event in <a href="/facts/Tales_of_the_Rays/akws5YVR">Tales of the Rays</a>, additionally, costumes based on MOMO, T-elos and chaos were added for other playable characters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176"><sup>176</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikiquote has quotations related to <i>Xenosaga</i>. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Zenosāga (Japanese: ゼノサーガ) <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" target="_blank">/wiki/Japanese_language</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Xenosaga.jp -Xenosaga EPISODE III- PRODUCTS (in Japanese). Xenosaga Portal Site. Archived from the original on 17 July 2006. Retrieved 13 August 2017. <a href="Xenosaga.jp -Xenosaga EPISODE III- PRODUCTS" target="_blank">Xenosaga.jp -Xenosaga EPISODE III- PRODUCTS</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Peterson, Blake (3 December 2015). "Monolith Soft and Nintendo: Why We'll Never Get More Xenogears/saga". Game Revolution. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016. <a href="http://www.gamerevolution.com/features/monolith-soft-and-nintendo-why-well-never-get-more-xenogearssaga" target="_blank">http://www.gamerevolution.com/features/monolith-soft-and-nintendo-why-well-never-get-more-xenogearssaga</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Zenosāga Episōdo Wan: Chikara e no Ishi (Japanese: ゼノサーガ エピソードI 力への意志) <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" target="_blank">/wiki/Japanese_language</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>【PS2】人型戦闘兵器も登場！ 『ゼノサーガ エピソードI 力への意志』 (in Japanese). Famitsu. 29 December 2001. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 13 September 2017. <a href="【PS2】人型戦闘兵器も登場！ 『ゼノサーガ エピソードI 力への意志』" target="_blank">【PS2】人型戦闘兵器も登場！ 『ゼノサーガ エピソードI 力への意志』</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Witham, Joseph (21 December 2002). "North American Xenosaga Site Launches". RPGamer. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2017. <a href="https://www.rpgamer.com/news/Q4-2002/122102a.html" target="_blank">https://www.rpgamer.com/news/Q4-2002/122102a.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>ゼノサーガ エピソードI リローディッド 力への意志 (in Japanese). Xenosaga Episode I Reloaded Website. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2017. <a href="ゼノサーガ エピソードI リローディッド 力への意志" target="_blank">ゼノサーガ エピソードI リローディッド 力への意志</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Sato, Ike (8 June 2001). "Xenosaga Preview". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 8 December 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2016. <a href="http://www.gamespot.com/articles/xenosaga-preview/1100-2771884/" target="_blank">http://www.gamespot.com/articles/xenosaga-preview/1100-2771884/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Zenosāga Episōdo Tsū: Zen'aku no Higan (Japanese: ゼノサーガ エピソードII 善悪の彼岸) <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" target="_blank">/wiki/Japanese_language</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Winkler, Chris (30 May 2004). "Huge Xenosaga Episode II Update". RPGFan. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2017. <a href="https://www.rpgfan.com/news/2004/1529.html" target="_blank">https://www.rpgfan.com/news/2004/1529.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Young, Billy (11 December 2004). "Namco Announces Pre-order Campaign for Xenosaga Episode II". RPGamer. Archived from the original on 14 December 2004. Retrieved 13 September 2017. <a href="https://www.rpgamer.com/news/Q4-2004/121104d.html" target="_blank">https://www.rpgamer.com/news/Q4-2004/121104d.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Gibson, Ellie (5 September 2005). "Xenosaga II comes to Europe". Eurogamer. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017. <a href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news050905xenosaga" target="_blank">http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/news050905xenosaga</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Peterson, Blake (3 December 2015). "Monolith Soft and Nintendo: Why We'll Never Get More Xenogears/saga". Game Revolution. Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2016. <a href="http://www.gamerevolution.com/features/monolith-soft-and-nintendo-why-well-never-get-more-xenogearssaga" target="_blank">http://www.gamerevolution.com/features/monolith-soft-and-nintendo-why-well-never-get-more-xenogearssaga</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Preview: Xenosaga Episode II". 1UP.com. 2004. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. 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