Ethnomedicine

<h2 id="ethnopharmacology">Ethnopharmacology</h2>

<p>Ethnopharmacology is a related field which studies ethnic groups and their use of plant compounds. It is linked to <a href="/facts/Pharmacognosy/X3rrkkA9">pharmacognosy</a>, <a href="/facts/Phytotherapy/aFHY8zCD">phytotherapy</a> (study of <a href="/facts/Medicinal_plant/KUvkVQ8q">medicinal plants</a>) use and <a href="/facts/Ethnobotany/VRLwdGea">ethnobotany</a>, as this is a source of <a href="/facts/Lead_compound/5wFoEqmS">lead compounds</a> for <a href="/facts/Drug_discovery/LLdDNvjy">drug discovery</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Emphasis has long been on <a href="/facts/Traditional_medicine/WLUmXCHz">traditional medicines</a>, although the approach also has proven useful to the study of <a href="/facts/Pharmaceutical_drug/h9mhwWP2">modern pharmaceuticals</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> 
</p><p>It involves studies of the:
</p>
<ol><li>identification and ethnotaxonomy (cognitive categorisation) of the (eventual) natural material, from which the candidate compound will be produced</li>
<li>traditional preparation of the pharmaceutical forms</li>
<li>bio-evaluation of the possible pharmacological action of such preparations (ethnopharmacology)</li>
<li>their potential for clinical effectiveness</li>
<li>socio-medical aspects implied in the uses of these compounds (<a href="/facts/Medical_anthropology/pqVmAtXx">medical anthropology</a>).</li></ol>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Ayurveda/XCgFAdb3">Ayurveda</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ethnobotany/VRLwdGea">Ethnobotany</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Herbalism/aFHY8zCD">Herbalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Pharmacognosy/X3rrkkA9">Pharmacognosy</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Shamanism/Kq60HV3J">Shamanism</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Traditional_medicine/WLUmXCHz">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Lee, Roberta; Balick, Michael J. (2001). <a href="http://www.nybg.org/files/scientists/mbalick/Ethnomedicine_Ancient%20Wisdom%20for%20Contemporary%20Healing.pdf">"Ethnomedicine: Ancient Wisdom for Contemporary Healing"</a> (PDF). <i>Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine</i>. 7 (3): 28–30. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11347282">11347282</a>. Retrieved 12 June 2013.</li>
<li><a href="http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft1j49n6b2/">Fábrega, Horacio, Jr. Evolution of Sickness and Healing. Berkeley:  University of California Press, 1997.</a> Access Apr. 2015</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jean-Pierre_Willem/9amhKFlR">Willem, Jean-Pierre</a> (2006). <i>L'Ethnomédecine, une alliance entre science et tradition</i> [<i>Ethnomedicine: An Alliance Between Science and Tradition</i>] (in French). Paris: Jouvence & Biocontact. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-2-88353-472-8.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jean-Pierre_Willem/9amhKFlR">Willem, Jean-Pierre</a> (2009). <i>Mémoires d'un médecin aux pieds nus</i> [<i>Memoires of a Barefoot Doctor</i>] (in French). Paris: <a href="/facts/%25C3%2589ditions_Albin_Michel/2vrkKhqT">Éditions Albin Michel</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-2-226-18987-5.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Acharya, Deepak and Shrivastava Anshu: Indigenous Herbal Medicines: Tribal Formulations and Traditional Herbal Practices. Aavishkar Publishers Distributor, Jaipur / India 2008, ISBN 978-81-7910-252-7, p. 440. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Acharya, Deepak and Shrivastava Anshu: Indigenous Herbal Medicines: Tribal Formulations and Traditional Herbal Practices. Aavishkar Publishers Distributor, Jaipur / India 2008, ISBN 978-81-7910-252-7, p. 440. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Mozhui, Lobeno; Kakati, L. N.; Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (2021-03-22). "Entomotherapy: a study of medicinal insects of seven ethnic groups in Nagaland, North-East India". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 17 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s13002-021-00444-1. ISSN 1746-4269. PMC 7986042. PMID 33752694. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7986042" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7986042</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Wilsanand, V; Varghese, P; Rajitha, P (October 2007). "Therapeutics of insects and insect products in South Indian traditional medicine". Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 6 (4): 563–568. ISSN 0972-5938. <a href="http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/1001" target="_blank">http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/1001</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Kai Lamottke, Christophe Ripoll, Robert Walczak (2011), "The roots of innovation", European Biopharmaceutical Review, vol. 15, pp. 52-56 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260943788_The_Roots_of_Innovation{{citation}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260943788_The_Roots_of_Innovation" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260943788_The_Roots_of_Innovation</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Guido François, Tania Steenackers, Laurent Aké Assi, Wolfgang Steglich, Kai Lamottke, Jörg Holenz, Gerhard Bringmann (1999), "Vismione H and structurally related anthranoid compounds of natural and synthetic origin as promising drugs against the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum: structure-activity relationships", Parasitology Research, vol. 85, no. 7, pp. 582–588 https://doi.org/10.1007/s004360050598{{citation}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s004360050598" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007/s004360050598</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Thomas M. Johnson; Carolyn F. Sargent (1996). "Ethnopharmacology: The Conjunction of Medical Ethnography and the Biology of Therapeutic Action". Medical Anthropology: Contemporary Theory and Method. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. pp. 132–133, 151. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>Buer, Jonas Kure (2015). "A history of the term "DMARD"". Inflammopharmacology. 23 (4): 163–171. doi:10.1007/s10787-015-0232-5. PMC 4508364. PMID 26002695. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508364" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508364</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>Buer JK (Oct 2014). "Origins and impact of the term 'NSAID'". Inflammopharmacology. 22 (5): 263–7. doi:10.1007/s10787-014-0211-2. hdl:10852/45403. PMID 25064056. S2CID 16777111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Ethnomedicine open-in-new

Ethnomedicine