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GNU Core Utilities
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>In 1990, David MacKenzie announced <i>GNU fileutils</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>In 1991, MacKenzie announced <i>GNU shellutils</i> and <i>GNU textutils</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Moreover, Jim Meyering became the maintainer of the packages (known now as coreutils) and has remained so since.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>In September 2002, the <i>GNU coreutils</i> were created by merging the earlier packages <i>textutils</i>, <i>shellutils</i>, and <i>fileutils</i>, along with some other miscellaneous utilities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>In July 2007, the license of the GNU coreutils was updated from <a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GPL-2.0-or-later</a> to <a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GPL-3.0-or-later</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/GNU_Binutils/J44lMK6U">GNU Binutils</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities_commands/pQlS09fd">List of GNU Core Utilities commands</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_POSIX_commands/EEuIsUx9">List of POSIX commands</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Toybox/aLGYht2Q">Toybox</a>, a 0BSD licensed, all-in-one Linux command-line utility used in Android.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Util-linux/vPHnV2Iy">util-linux</a>, a set of approximately 100 basic Linux system utilities not included in GNU Core Utilities, such as <a href="/facts/Mount_(Unix)/VlDPf1Hm">mount</a>, <a href="/facts/Fdisk/S6hru6n4">fdisk</a>, <a href="/facts/More_(command)/emnMr8xz">more</a>, and <a href="/facts/Kill_(command)/PjqmLTUR">kill</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/">Official website</a></li> <li><a href="https://heirloom.sourceforge.net/tools.html">The Heirloom Toolchest</a> - An alternative set of utilities</li> <li><a href="https://opensource.com/article/18/4/gnu-core-utilities">opensource.com article: gnu-core-utilities on 4 Apr 2018 by David Both (Correspondent) </a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"GNU file utilities release 1.0". groups.google.com. <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/gnu.utils.bug/c/CviP42X_hCY/m/YssXFn-JrX4J" target="_blank">https://groups.google.com/g/gnu.utils.bug/c/CviP42X_hCY/m/YssXFn-JrX4J</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"GNU shell programming utilities released". groups.google.com. <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/gnu.utils.bug/c/xpTRtuFpNQc/m/mRc_7JWZ0BYJ" target="_blank">https://groups.google.com/g/gnu.utils.bug/c/xpTRtuFpNQc/m/mRc_7JWZ0BYJ</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"new GNU file and text utilities released". groups.google.com. <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/gnu.utils.bug/c/iN5KuoJYRhU/m/V_6oiBAWF0EJ" target="_blank">https://groups.google.com/g/gnu.utils.bug/c/iN5KuoJYRhU/m/V_6oiBAWF0EJ</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"GNU's Who". <a href="https://www.gnu.org/people/people.html#j" target="_blank">https://www.gnu.org/people/people.html#j</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Meyering, Jim (2003-01-13). "README-package-renamed-to-coreutils". Archived from the original on 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2018-08-15. <a href="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/tree/README-package-renamed-to-coreutils" target="_blank">https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/tree/README-package-renamed-to-coreutils</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Meyering, Jim (2007-07-23). "COPYING: Update to Version 3". Archived from the original on 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2018-08-15. <a href="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/commit/COPYING?id=5f606e6f1f0552c8af7b9cfbbafe3aad048bb99e" target="_blank">https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/commit/COPYING?id=5f606e6f1f0552c8af7b9cfbbafe3aad048bb99e</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>