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Transmission-based train control
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<h2 id="background">Background</h2> <p>Transmission-based train control (TBTC) uses <a href="/facts/Induction_loop/Q2KPs6VX">induction loop</a> technology to facilitate communication between onboard systems and trackside systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="types-of-transmission-based-train-control">Types of transmission-based train control</h2> <h3>Positive train control</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Positive_train_control/8cCQMDsA">Positive Train control</a> is a type of <a href="/facts/Train_protection_system/hqLBHFJk">automatic train protection system</a> that prevents train-to-train collision, over speeding and unauthorized train movements.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> It used GPS technology and wireless radio to calculate safe distances between trains to transmit movement authority from the onboard controllers on the following train, to the wayside controllers to prevent collision with the leading train. <a href="/facts/Positive_train_control/8cCQMDsA">Positive Train Control</a> calculates train stopping distances and prompts <a href="/facts/Locomotive/C9YV7wrQ">locomotive</a> engineers to slow down based on each train’s weight, length, speed and track terrain. The sophisticated safety system automatically stops trains if engineers do not respond in a timely manner, preventing certain accidents caused by human error including train-to-train collisions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h3>Communication-based train control</h3> <p>According to the IEEE 1474 (1999), <a href="/facts/Communications-based_train_control/wqrfxbpg">communications-based train control</a> (CBTC) is a continuous, <a href="/facts/Automatic_train_control/TdAWGAmG">automatic train control</a> system utilizing high-resolution train location determination, independent of track circuits and continuous communication between train onboard systems and wayside systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> They rely on Wi-Fi or LTE radio technology to establish this bi-directional communication between the train and wayside controllers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Farooq, Jahanzeb; Soler, José (2017). "Radio Communication for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC): A Tutorial and Survey". IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 19 (3): 1377–1402. doi:10.1109/comst.2017.2661384. S2CID 20403360. Retrieved 2024-02-05. <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7836324" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7836324</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Zhu, Li; Yu, Fei Richard; Ning, Bin; Tang, Tao (2012-07-09). "Handoff management in communication-based train control networks using stream control transmission protocol and IEEE 802.11p WLANs". EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2012 (1): 211. doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2012-211. ISSN 1687-1499. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1687-1499-2012-211" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1687-1499-2012-211</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Tan, B. T. G. (March 2019). "The Physics of Railway Signalling". The Physics Educator. 01 (1): 1950001. doi:10.1142/S266133951950001X. ISSN 2661-3395. <a href="https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S266133951950001X" target="_blank">https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S266133951950001X</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"An Introduction to Positive Train Control | Metrolink". metrolinktrains.com. Retrieved 2024-04-16. <a href="https://metrolinktrains.com/rider-info/safety--security/positive-train-control/" target="_blank">https://metrolinktrains.com/rider-info/safety--security/positive-train-control/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Cole, Rachel. "Research Guides: Rail Transportation: Positive Train Control". libguides.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2024-04-16. <a href="https://libguides.northwestern.edu/c.php?g=114812&p=5515581" target="_blank">https://libguides.northwestern.edu/c.php?g=114812&p=5515581</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Ogunsola, Ade; Reggiani, Ugo; Sandrolini, Leonardo (September 2007). "Demonstrating signalling compatibility between two train control systems". 2007 18th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE. pp. 361–364. doi:10.1109/emczur.2007.4388270. ISBN 978-3-9523286-1-3. <a href="978-3-9523286-1-3" target="_blank">978-3-9523286-1-3</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Zhu, Li; Yu, Fei Richard; Ning, Bin; Tang, Tao (2012-07-09). "Handoff management in communication-based train control networks using stream control transmission protocol and IEEE 802.11p WLANs". EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2012 (1): 211. doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2012-211. ISSN 1687-1499. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1687-1499-2012-211" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1687-1499-2012-211</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>