Simple Features

<h2 id="details">Details</h2>
<h3>Part 1</h3>

The geometries are associated with <a href="/facts/Spatial_reference_system/PC86sqsr">spatial reference systems</a>. The standard also specifies <a href="/facts/Attribute_(computing)/EpQSmn02">attributes</a>, <a href="/facts/Method_(computer_programming)/8kAXxVYs">methods</a> and <a href="/facts/Assertion_(computing)/lxSfLdLY">assertions</a> with the geometries, in the <a href="/facts/Object-oriented/TxNMEcao">object-oriented</a> style. In general, a 2D geometry is simple if it contains no self-intersection. The specification defines <a href="/facts/DE-9IM/Ha6Mm78o">DE-9IM</a> spatial predicates and several spatial operators that can be used to generate new geometries from existing geometries.

<h3>Part 2</h3>
Part 2 is a SQL binding to Part 1, providing a translation of the interface to non-object-oriented environments. For example, instead of a someGeometryObject.isEmpty() as in Part 1, SQL/MM uses a ST_IsEmpty(...) function in SQL.

<h3>Spatial</h3>
The spatial extension adds the datatypes "Circularstring", "CompoundCurve", "CurvePolygon", "PolyhedralSurface", the last of which is also included into the OGC standard. It also defines the SQL/MM versions of these types and operations on them.

<h2 id="implementations">Implementations</h2>

Direct implementations of Part 2 (SQL/MM) include:

<ul><li><a href="/facts/MySQL/QEEDNBDP">MySQL</a> Spatial Extensions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> Up to MySQL 5.5, all of the functions that calculate relations between geometries are implemented using <a href="/facts/Bounding_box/oFHL8bxI">bounding boxes</a> not the actual geometries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> Starting from version 5.6, MySQL offers support for precise object shapes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/MonetDB/9DuGKGIN">MonetDB/GIS</a> extension for <a href="/facts/MonetDB/9DuGKGIN">MonetDB</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/PostGIS/a3vdt50J">PostGIS</a> extension for <a href="/facts/PostgreSQL/LHdXuHfl">PostgreSQL</a>, also supporting some of the SQL/MM Spatial features.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/SpatiaLite/Qh34R75I">SpatiaLite</a> extension for <a href="/facts/SQLite/1PwYzIft">SQLite</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Oracle_Spatial/9EweByT4">Oracle Spatial</a>, which also implements some of the advanced features from SQL/MM Spatial.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/IBM_Db2/2cYITuuY">IBM Db2</a> Spatial Extender and <a href="/facts/IBM_Informix/jDdeW93c">IBM Informix</a> Spatial DataBlade.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Microsoft_SQL_Server/eCdt2JBL">Microsoft SQL Server</a> since version 2008,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> with significant additions in the 2012 version.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a></li>
<li>SAP <a href="/facts/Sybase_IQ/XLsYXDac">Sybase IQ</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/SAP_HANA/QUmJmqtj">SAP HANA</a> as of 1.0 SPS6.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a></li></ul>
Adaptations include:

<ul><li>Implementations of the CORBA and OLE/COM interfaces detailed above are mainly produced by commercial vendors maintaining legacy technology.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/R_(programming_language)/LSrkr8K8">R</a>: The sf package<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> implements Simple Features and contains functions that bind to <a href="/facts/GDAL/oAo5CuIn">GDAL</a> for reading and writing data, to GEOS for geometrical operations, and to <a href="/facts/PROJ/GthrpHab">PROJ</a> for projection conversions and datum transformations.</li>
<li>The <a href="/facts/GDAL/oAo5CuIn">GDAL</a> library implements the Simple Features data model in its OGR component.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a></li>
<li>The <a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a>-based <a href="/facts/Deegree/WBFyezYf">deegree</a> framework implements SFA (part 1) and various other OGC standards.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a></li>
<li>The <a href="/facts/Rust_(programming_language)/8JNMV19F">Rust</a> library <a href="https://docs.rs/geo-types/latest/geo_types/">geo_types</a> implements geometry primitives that adhere to the simple feature access standards.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a></li></ul>
<a href="/facts/GeoSPARQL/Kxx3yccN">GeoSPARQL</a> is an <a href="/facts/Open_Geospatial_Consortium/uDKbX6Cl">OGC</a> standard that is intended to allow geospatially-<a href="/facts/Linked_data/XKhE5aTQ">linked data</a> representation and querying based on <a href="/facts/Resource_Description_Framework/WMufyukm">RDF</a> and <a href="/facts/SPARQL/XPP7pFDJ">SPARQL</a> by defining an <a href="/facts/Ontology_(information_science)/SQlhl6lp">ontology</a> for geospatial reasoning supporting a small Simple Features (as well as <a href="/facts/DE-9IM/Ha6Mm78o">DE-9IM</a> and <a href="/facts/Region_connection_calculus/FPmhJrJ9">RCC8</a>) <a href="/facts/RDF_Schema/GCVY1XYY">RDFS</a>/<a href="/facts/Web_Ontology_Language/jkr0IGn8">OWL</a> vocabulary for <a href="/facts/Geography_Markup_Language/IEMlqp0s">GML</a> and <a href="/facts/Well-known_text/P0LCqdyy">WKT</a> literals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>
As of 2012, various <a href="/facts/NoSQL/vvynRKfd">NoSQL</a> databases had very limited support for "anything more complex than a bounding box or proximity search".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/DE-9IM/Ha6Mm78o">DE-9IM</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Well-known_text/P0LCqdyy">Well-known text</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Well-known_binary/P0LCqdyy">Well-known binary</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/sfswg">Simple Features SWG</a></li></ul>
<h3>Standard documents</h3>
<ul><li>ISO/IEC:
<ul><li><a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40114">ISO 19125-1:2004 Geographic information -- Simple feature access -- Part 1: Common architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40115">ISO 19125-2:2004 Geographic information -- Simple feature access -- Part 2: SQL option</a></li></ul></li>
<li>OpenGIS
<ul><li><a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa">OpenGIS Implementation Specification for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1: Common architecture (05-126, 06-103r3, 06-103r4)</a>, current version 1.2.1</li>
<li><a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfs">OpenGIS Simple Feature Access - Part 2: SQL Option (99-054, 05-134, 06-104r3, 06-104r4)</a>, current version 1.2.1, formerly OpenGIS Simple Features [Implementation Specification] for SQL</li>
<li><a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfc">OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for CORBA (99-054)</a>, current version 1.0</li>
<li><a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfo">OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for OLE/COM (99-050)</a>, current version 1.1</li></ul></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Wolfgang Kresse; David M. Danko (2011). Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-3-540-72678-4. <a href="978-3-540-72678-4" target="_blank">978-3-540-72678-4</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Wolfgang Kresse; David M. Danko (2011). Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-3-540-72678-4. <a href="978-3-540-72678-4" target="_blank">978-3-540-72678-4</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"MySQL 5.1 documentation on Spatial extensions". mysql.com. Retrieved 2 April 2018. <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/spatial-extensions.html" target="_blank">http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/spatial-extensions.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Frank Hardisty (Fall 2012). "Penn State Geography 583: Geospatial System Analysis and Design. Databases". <a href="https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog583/node/74" target="_blank">https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog583/node/74</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 12.15.9 Functions That Test Spatial Relations Between Geometry Objects". dev.mysql.com. Retrieved 2 April 2018. <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/spatial-relation-functions.html" target="_blank">http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/spatial-relation-functions.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"GeoSpatial - MonetDB". 4 March 2014. <a href="http://www.monetdb.org/Documentation/Extensions/GIS" target="_blank">http://www.monetdb.org/Documentation/Extensions/GIS</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Wolfgang Kresse; David M. Danko (2011). Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-3-540-72678-4. <a href="978-3-540-72678-4" target="_blank">978-3-540-72678-4</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"SpatiaLite: SpatiaLite". www.gaia-gis.it. Retrieved 2 April 2018. <a href="https://www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index" target="_blank">https://www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Ravikanth V. Kothuri; Euro Beinat; Albert Godfrind (2004). Pro Oracle Spatial. Apress. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-59059-383-7. <a href="978-1-59059-383-7" target="_blank">978-1-59059-383-7</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Wolfgang Kresse; David M. Danko (2011). Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-3-540-72678-4. <a href="978-3-540-72678-4" target="_blank">978-3-540-72678-4</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Wolfgang Kresse; David M. Danko (2011). Springer Handbook of Geographic Information. Springer. pp. 105–106. ISBN 978-3-540-72678-4. <a href="978-3-540-72678-4" target="_blank">978-3-540-72678-4</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Alastair Aitchison (2012). Pro Spatial with SQL Server 2012. Apress. pp. 21–23. ISBN 978-1-4302-3491-3. <a href="978-1-4302-3491-3" target="_blank">978-1-4302-3491-3</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.sybase.infocenter.dc01964.1602/doc/html/saiq-standards-compatibility-spatial.html SAP Sybase IQ support for spatial data <a href="http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.sybase.infocenter.dc01964.1602/doc/html/saiq-standards-compatibility-spatial.html" target="_blank">http://infocenter.sybase.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.sybase.infocenter.dc01964.1602/doc/html/saiq-standards-compatibility-spatial.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">http://help.sap.com/saphelp_hanaplatform/helpdata/en/7a/2f4266787c1014a9b6ab6cf937f8ac/content.htm?frameset=/en/7a/2d11d7787c1014ac3a8663250814c2/frameset.htm¤t_toc=/en/99/d10e4fdaaf41588480a43478e840d5/plain.htm&node_id=12 SAP HANA Spatial Reference: Supported Import and Export Formats for Spatial Data <a href="http://help.sap.com/saphelp_hanaplatform/helpdata/en/7a/2f4266787c1014a9b6ab6cf937f8ac/content.htm?frameset=/en/7a/2d11d7787c1014ac3a8663250814c2/frameset.htm¤t_toc=/en/99/d10e4fdaaf41588480a43478e840d5/plain.htm&node_id=12" target="_blank">http://help.sap.com/saphelp_hanaplatform/helpdata/en/7a/2f4266787c1014a9b6ab6cf937f8ac/content.htm?frameset=/en/7a/2d11d7787c1014ac3a8663250814c2/frameset.htm¤t_toc=/en/99/d10e4fdaaf41588480a43478e840d5/plain.htm&node_id=12</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Pebesma, Edzer; Bivand, Roger; Cook, Ian; Keitt, Tim; Sumner, Michael; Lovelace, Robin; Wickham, Hadley; Ooms, Jeroen; Racine, Etienne (22 March 2018). "sf: Simple Features for R". Retrieved 2 April 2018 – via R-Packages. <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=sf" target="_blank">https://cran.r-project.org/package=sf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"FAQ: What is this OGR stuff?". www.gdal.org. Retrieved 2 April 2018. <a href="https://gdal.org/faq.html#what-is-this-ogr-stuff" target="_blank">https://gdal.org/faq.html#what-is-this-ogr-stuff</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Shashi Shekhar; Hui Xiong (2007). Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer. pp. 235–236. ISBN 978-0-387-30858-6. <a href="978-0-387-30858-6" target="_blank">978-0-387-30858-6</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"geo_types - Rust". docs.rs. Retrieved 2023-03-19. <a href="https://docs.rs/geo-types/latest/geo_types/" target="_blank">https://docs.rs/geo-types/latest/geo_types/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Battle, Robert; Kolas, Dave (2012). "Enabling the Geospatial Semantic Web with Parliament and GeoSPARQL" (PDF). Semantic Web. 3 (4). IOS Press: 355–370. doi:10.3233/SW-2012-0065. Retrieved 21 November 2012. <a href="http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/sites/default/files/swj176_3.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/sites/default/files/swj176_3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Frank Hardisty (Fall 2012). "Penn State Geography 583: Geospatial System Analysis and Design. Databases". <a href="https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog583/node/74" target="_blank">https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog583/node/74</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

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Simple Features