Text simplification

<h2 id="example">Example</h2>
<p>Text simplification is illustrated with an example used by Siddharthan (2006).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> The first sentence contains two relative clauses and one conjoined verb phrase. A text simplification system aims to change the first sentence into a group of simpler sentences, as seen just below the first sentence.
</p>
<ul><li><i>Also contributing to the firmness in copper, the analyst noted, was a report by Chicago purchasing agents, which precedes the full purchasing agents report that is due out today and gives an indication of what the full report might hold.</i></li>
<li><i>Also contributing to the firmness in copper, the analyst noted, was a report by Chicago purchasing agents. The Chicago report precedes the full purchasing agents report. The Chicago report gives an indication of what the full report might hold. The full report is due out today.</i></li></ul>
<p>One approach to text simplification is <a href="/facts/Lexical_simplification/fc9tP41H">lexical simplification</a> via <a href="/facts/Lexical_substitution/HTXUVBEm">lexical substitution</a>, a two-step process of first identifying complex words and then replacing them with simpler synonyms. A key challenge here is identifying complex words, which is performed by a machine learning classifier trained on <a href="/facts/Labeled_data/o0doUSPA">labeled data</a>. Researchers, frustrated by the problems with using the classical method of asking research subjects to describe words as either simple or complex, have discovered that they can get a higher consistency in more levels of complexity if they ask labelers to sort words presented to them in order of complexity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Automated_paraphrasing/pewDB0If">Automated paraphrasing</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Controlled_natural_language/wtsYcSl7">Controlled natural language</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Language_reform/gsw7nhVy">Language reform</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lexical_simplification/fc9tP41H">Lexical simplification</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lexical_substitution/HTXUVBEm">Lexical substitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Semantic_compression/FCaEM1qM">Semantic compression</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Text_normalization/H56wc4GH">Text normalization</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Simplified_Technical_English/PyHCaL4b">Simplified English</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Basic_English/pbIkSYn4">Basic English</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Wei Xu, Chris Callison-Burch and Courtney Napoles. "<a href="https://www.transacl.org/ojs/index.php/tacl/article/viewFile/549/131">Problems in Current Text Simplification Research</a>". In Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics (TACL), Volume 3, 2015, Pages 283–297.</li>
<li>Advaith Siddharthan. "<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-597.pdf">Syntactic Simplification and Text Cohesion</a>". In Research on Language and Computation, Volume 4, Issue 1, Jun 2006, Pages 77–109, Springer Science, the Netherlands.</li>
<li>Siddhartha Jonnalagadda, Luis Tari, Joerg Hakenberg, Chitta Baral and Graciela Gonzalez. Towards Effective Sentence Simplification for Automatic Processing of Biomedical Text. In Proc. of the NAACL-HLT 2009, Boulder, USA, June. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607105853/http://www.public.asu.edu/~sjonnal3/home/papers/NAACL%20HLT%202009.pdf">[1]</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/37520&context=ircs_reports">Automatic Induction of Rules for Text Simplification</a> 1996</li>
<li><a href="http://www.isi.edu/~marcu/papers/factoids04.pdf">Text Simplification for Information-Seeking Applications</a> 2004</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Siddharthan, Advaith (28 March 2006). "Syntactic Simplification and Text Cohesion". Research on Language and Computation. 4 (1): 77–109. doi:10.1007/s11168-006-9011-1. S2CID 14619244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Gooding, Sian; Kochmar, Ekaterina; Sarkar, Advait; Blackwell, Alan (August 2019). "Comparative judgments are more consistent than binary classification for labelling word complexity". Proceedings of the 13th Linguistic Annotation Workshop: 208–214. doi:10.18653/v1/W19-4024. Retrieved 22 November 2019. <a href="https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4024/" target="_blank">https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4024/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Text simplification open-in-new

Text simplification