Red mullet

<h2 id="classification">Classification</h2>
<p>Though they can easily be distinguished—<i>M. surmuletus</i> has a striped first <a href="/facts/Dorsal_fin/zAPuxI1G">dorsal fin</a>—their common names overlap in many of the languages of the region. In English, <i>M. surmuletus</i> is sometimes called the <i>striped</i> red mullet. Despite the English name "red mullet", these fishes of the goatfish family <i>Mullidae</i> are not closely related to many other species called "<a href="/facts/Mullet_(fish)/zjEod6Yx">mullet</a>", which are members of the grey mullet family <a href="/facts/Mullet_(fish)/zjEod6Yx"><i>Mugilidae</i></a>. The word "surmullet" comes from the French, and ultimately probably from a Germanic root "sor" 'reddish brown'.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a>
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<h2 id="cultural-impact">Cultural impact</h2>
<p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Hecate/cW3jg6RU">Hecate § Sacred animals</a></p>

<p>They are both favored delicacies in the Mediterranean, and in antiquity were "one of the most famous and valued fish". They are very similar, and cooked in the same ways. <i>M. surmuletus</i> is perhaps somewhat more prized.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Ancient_Romans/cGqIuxPd">ancient Romans</a> reared them in ponds where they were attended and caressed by their owners, and taught to come to be fed at the sound of the voice or bell of the keeper. Specimens were sometimes sold for their weight in silver. <a href="/facts/Pliny_the_Elder/grx67ghR">Pliny</a> cites a case in which a large sum was paid for a single fish, and an extraordinary expenditure of time was lavished upon these slow-learning pets. <a href="/facts/Juvenal/wAjQVVyh">Juvenal</a> and other satirists descanted upon the height to which the pursuit of this luxury was carried as a type of extravagance.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The statesman <a href="/facts/Titus_Annius_Milo/qnS1UpyT">Titus Annius Milo</a>, exiled to <a href="/facts/Marseille/kj7te1HG">Marseille</a> in 52 B.C., joked that he would have no regrets as long as he could eat the delicious red mullet of Marseille.
</p><p><a href="/facts/Claudius_Aelianus/LoDk04gJ">Claudius Aelianus</a> in his <i>On the Nature of Animals</i>, writes that the species is sacred to the Greek agricultural goddess <a href="/facts/Demeter/msJN4G3H">Demeter</a>. "At <a href="/facts/Eleusinian_Mysteries/SlEzsbzC">Eleusis</a> it [the Red Mullet] is held in honour by the initiated, and of this honour two accounts are given. Some say, it is because it gives birth three times in a year; others, because it eats the <a href="/facts/Anaspidea/erwMFpLS">Sea-Hare</a>, which is deadly to man."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The red mullet was also significant in the cult of the witch goddess <a href="/facts/Hecate/cW3jg6RU">Hecate</a>.
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<ul><li><a href="/facts/Alan_Davidson_(food_writer)/hySwSDwG">Alan Davidson</a>, <i>Mediterranean Seafood</i>, Penguin 1972, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-14-046174-4</li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/wine/mullus.html">James Grout: <i>The Red Mullet and Rome</i></a>, part of the <i>Encyclopædia Romana</i></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>American Heritage Dictionary s.v. surmullet <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" target="_blank">/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Davidson, p. 109 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Mullet" . Encyclopedia Americana. <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" target="_blank">/wiki/Public_domain</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Theoi - Exploring Mythology in Classical Literature & Art: Demeter Estate & Attributes <a href="https://www.theoi.com/Olympios/DemeterTreasures.html#Animals" target="_blank">https://www.theoi.com/Olympios/DemeterTreasures.html#Animals</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Red mullet open-in-new

Red mullet