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Cispadane Republic
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>On 16 October 1796, a congress was held in <a href="/facts/Modena/UAHSfJXy">Modena</a> after the ruler, <a href="/facts/Ercole_III_d%2527Este%2c_Duke_of_Modena/93dgFG0d">Duke Hercules III</a>, had fled to <a href="/facts/Venice/Xzc2uVDg">Venice</a> to escape the French advance.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The congress was formed by representatives from the provinces of Modena, <a href="/facts/Bologna/glE9rlrW">Bologna</a>, <a href="/facts/Ferrara/667uBfAc">Ferrara</a> and <a href="/facts/Reggio_Emilia/tsQVQfS2">Reggio Emilia</a>, all located south of the <a href="/facts/Po_(river)/jtwDSkgw">Po</a>; <i>Cispadane</i> indicates "on this side of (the river) Po", with the corresponding <i>Transpadane</i> indicating "across (the river) Po". </p><p>The congress was unofficially organized by Napoleon, whose French army had swept through northern Italy earlier in the year, and who needed to settle the situation in Italy and gather new troops for an offensive against <a href="/facts/Habsburg_monarchy/ctwsV3TC">Austria</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>The congress proclaimed that the four provinces would form the <i>Repubblica Cispadana</i>: a civic guard, composed of mounted hunters and artillery, was formed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> In the 7 January 1797 session, in Reggio Emilia, the congress decided to form a government. </p><p>The flag, the first <a href="/facts/Flag_of_Italy/k3bur538">tricolour in Italy</a>, was a horizontal tricolour, with red (top), white and green stripes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> In the centre was an emblem composed of a quiver, accolade to a war trophy, with four arrows that symbolized the four provinces forming the Republic, all within a crown of bay.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The Cispadane Republic was the first Italian sovereign state to adopt the <a href="/facts/Flag_of_Italy/k3bur538">Italian tricolour</a> as its flag.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>On 29 June 1797, the Cispadane Republic united with the <a href="/facts/Transpadane_Republic/blUAAsmD">Transpadane Republic</a> to form the <a href="/facts/Cisalpine_Republic/URLVmdE5">Cisalpine Republic</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="citations">Citations</h2> <ul><li>Busico, Augusta (2005). <i>Il tricolore: il simbolo la storia</i> (in Italian). Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'informazione e l'editoria. <a href="/facts/National_Library_Service_of_Italy/zhspTx4c">SBN</a> <a href="https://opac.sbn.it/bid/UBO2771748">IT\ICCU\UBO\2771748</a>.</li> <li>Maiorino, Tarquinio; Marchetti Tricamo, Giuseppe; Zagami, Andrea (2002). <i>Il tricolore degli italiani. Storia avventurosa della nostra bandiera</i> (in Italian). Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-88-04-50946-2.</li> <li>Villa, Claudio (2010). <i>I simboli della Repubblica: la bandiera tricolore, il canto degli italiani, l'emblema</i> (in Italian). Comune di Vanzago. <a href="/facts/National_Library_Service_of_Italy/zhspTx4c">SBN</a> <a href="https://opac.sbn.it/bid/LO11355389">IT\ICCU\LO1\1355389</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Historical_states_of_Italy/uU7mB6MH">Historical states of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/French_client_republic/QtBsSDxB">French client republic</a></li></ul> <p><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cispadane_Republic¶ms=44_29_42_N_11_20_33_E_">44°29′42″N 11°20′33″E / 44.49500°N 11.34250°E / 44.49500; 11.34250</a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Villa 2010, p. 11. - Villa, Claudio (2010). I simboli della Repubblica: la bandiera tricolore, il canto degli italiani, l'emblema (in Italian). Comune di Vanzago. SBN IT\ICCU\LO1\1355389. <a href="https://opac.sbn.it/bid/LO11355389" target="_blank">https://opac.sbn.it/bid/LO11355389</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Busico 2005, p. 209. - Busico, Augusta (2005). Il tricolore: il simbolo la storia (in Italian). Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'informazione e l'editoria. SBN IT\ICCU\UBO\2771748. <a href="https://opac.sbn.it/bid/UBO2771748" target="_blank">https://opac.sbn.it/bid/UBO2771748</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Busico 2005, p. 210. - Busico, Augusta (2005). Il tricolore: il simbolo la storia (in Italian). Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'informazione e l'editoria. SBN IT\ICCU\UBO\2771748. <a href="https://opac.sbn.it/bid/UBO2771748" target="_blank">https://opac.sbn.it/bid/UBO2771748</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"La Repubblica Cispadana" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2017-10-01. Retrieved 2021-03-10. <a href="http://www.raistoria.rai.it/articoli/la-repubblica-cispadana/11653/default.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.raistoria.rai.it/articoli/la-repubblica-cispadana/11653/default.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"I simboli della repubblica - il tricolore" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2015. <a href="http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/simboli/tricolore/tricolore.htm" target="_blank">http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/simboli/tricolore/tricolore.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Busico 2005, p. 210. - Busico, Augusta (2005). Il tricolore: il simbolo la storia (in Italian). Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'informazione e l'editoria. SBN IT\ICCU\UBO\2771748. <a href="https://opac.sbn.it/bid/UBO2771748" target="_blank">https://opac.sbn.it/bid/UBO2771748</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Villa 2010, p. 11. - Villa, Claudio (2010). I simboli della Repubblica: la bandiera tricolore, il canto degli italiani, l'emblema (in Italian). Comune di Vanzago. SBN IT\ICCU\LO1\1355389. <a href="https://opac.sbn.it/bid/LO11355389" target="_blank">https://opac.sbn.it/bid/LO11355389</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Maiorino 2002, p. 162. - Maiorino, Tarquinio; Marchetti Tricamo, Giuseppe; Zagami, Andrea (2002). Il tricolore degli italiani. Storia avventurosa della nostra bandiera (in Italian). Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. ISBN 978-88-04-50946-2. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Villa 2010, pp. 13–14. - Villa, Claudio (2010). I simboli della Repubblica: la bandiera tricolore, il canto degli italiani, l'emblema (in Italian). Comune di Vanzago. SBN IT\ICCU\LO1\1355389. <a href="https://opac.sbn.it/bid/LO11355389" target="_blank">https://opac.sbn.it/bid/LO11355389</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>