vVO2max

<h2 id="measuring-vvo2max">Measuring vV̇O2max</h2>
<p>While a sophisticated lab may be required to obtain precise measures of vV̇O2max, it can be estimated using a simple field test on a 400 m running track. In a 2015 study<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> of 28 male rugby players, the authors measured vV̇O2max and then had the subjects perform short time trials (TT) of various distances on the track. Using the average speed of a 2000 m TT gave the best estimate of vV̇O2max, with the limits of agreement estimated as ±5%.
</p><p>For a better estimate, several time trials at distances varying from 1200–2200 m could be run, with adequate rest between them (e.g. 48 h in Bellenger et al.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>). Then vV̇O2max may be estimated from the following linear equation
</p>
vV̇O2max = TTs × (0.117 × TTd + 0.766)
<p>where TTs is the average time trial speed, and TTd is the time trial distance in km.
</p>
<h2 id="training-at-vvo2max">Training at vV̇O2max</h2>
<p>Research by Véronique Billat has shown that training at vV̇O2max pace improves both <a href="/facts/VO2max/5eCkeysG">V̇O2max</a> and the economy required to maintain pace at this intensity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> 
</p><p>Training at vV̇O2max takes the form of interval workouts. For example, 3 × 1000 <a href="/facts/Metre/hPhzc1CV">m</a> with 3 minutes recovery between each repetition.
</p>
<h2 id="determining-vvo2max-from-vo2max">Determining vV̇O2max from VO2max</h2>
<p>The formula from Léger and Mercier<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> links the V̇O2max to the vV̇O2max, supposing an ideal running technique. 
</p>
vV̇O2max = V̇O2max / 3.5
<p>where vV̇O2max is in km/h and V̇O2max is in mL/(kg•min).
</p><p>Note: This formula is identical to that used to calculate the <a href="/facts/Metabolic_equivalent_of_task/J6vuGkLL">metabolic equivalent of task</a> (MET) score for a given V̇O2max estimation.
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/High-intensity_interval_training/vNfuDGVB">High-intensity interval training</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lactate_threshold/vW3Cd6QU">Lactate threshold</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Respirometry/gSDc5G1J">Respirometry</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Running_economy/fyPhrVoA">Running economy</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Training_effect/xdbprG30">Training effect</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jack_Daniels_(coach)/D33KTnWP">VDOT</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Bellenger, Clint; Fuller, Maximillian J. Nelson, Micheal Hartland, Jonathan D. Buckley & Thomas A. Debenedictis, Joel; Nelson, Maximillian; Hartland, Micheal; Buckley, Jonathan; Debenedictis, Thomas (2015). "Predicting maximal aerobic speed through set distance time-trials". European Journal of Applied Physiology. 115 (12): 2593–2598. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3233-6. PMID 26242778. S2CID 253889174.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-015-3233-6" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-015-3233-6</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Bellenger, Clint; Fuller, Maximillian J. Nelson, Micheal Hartland, Jonathan D. Buckley & Thomas A. Debenedictis, Joel; Nelson, Maximillian; Hartland, Micheal; Buckley, Jonathan; Debenedictis, Thomas (2015). "Predicting maximal aerobic speed through set distance time-trials". European Journal of Applied Physiology. 115 (12): 2593–2598. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3233-6. PMID 26242778. S2CID 253889174.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-015-3233-6" target="_blank">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-015-3233-6</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Billat, Véronique L.; J. Pierre Koralsztein (August 1996). "Significance of the Velocity at VO2max and Time to Exhaustion at this Velocity" (PDF). Sports Med. 22 (2): 90–108. doi:10.2165/00007256-199622020-00004. PMID 8857705. S2CID 6890171. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321201539/http://www.insermu902.com/attachments/018_11.1996-Billat-significance%20of%20velocity%20at%20vo2max-SportMed.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120321201539/http://www.insermu902.com/attachments/018_11.1996-Billat-significance%20of%20velocity%20at%20vo2max-SportMed.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Billat, Véronique L.; DeMarle, Alexandre; Slawinski, Jean; Paive, Mario; Koralsztein, Jean-Pierre (December 2001). "Physical and training characteristics of top-class marathon runners". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 33 (12): 2089–2097. doi:10.1097/00005768-200112000-00018. PMID 11740304. S2CID 38838193. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00005768-200112000-00018" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00005768-200112000-00018</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Léger, L.; Mercier, D. (1984). "Gross energy cost of horizontal treadmill and track running". Sports Med. 1 (4): 270–7. doi:10.2165/00007256-198401040-00003. PMID 6390604. S2CID 18731237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

vVO2max open-in-new

vVO2max