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Grading (tumors)
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<h2 id="categories">Categories</h2> <p>Grading systems are also different for many common types of cancer, though following a similar pattern with grades being increasingly malignant over a range of 1 to 4. If no specific system is used, the following general grades are most commonly used, and recommended by the American Joint Commission on Cancer and other bodies:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>GX Grade cannot be assessed</li> <li>G1 Well differentiated (Low grade)</li> <li>G2 Moderately differentiated (Intermediate grade)</li> <li>G3 Poorly differentiated (High grade)</li> <li>G4 Undifferentiated (High grade)</li></ul> <h3>Specific systems</h3> <p>Of the many cancer-specific schemes, the <a href="/facts/Gleason_Grading_System/JfTaBn0q">Gleason system</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> named after <a href="/facts/Donald_Floyd_Gleason/QMT5kW3H">Donald Floyd Gleason</a>, used to grade the adenocarcinoma cells in <a href="/facts/Prostate_cancer/Mx7XuDhm">prostate cancer</a> is the most famous. This system uses a grading score ranging from 2 to 10. Lower Gleason scores describe well-differentiated less aggressive tumors. </p><p>Other systems include the <a href="/facts/Bloom-Richardson_grading_system/6uGRELlV">Bloom-Richardson grading system</a> for <a href="/facts/Breast_cancer/6hME580v">breast cancer</a> and the Fuhrman system for <a href="/facts/Kidney_cancer/jx6L4829">kidney cancer</a>. Invasive-front grading is useful as well in oral squamous cell carcinoma.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>For <a href="/facts/Soft-tissue_sarcoma/9XWx62rP">soft-tissue sarcoma</a> two histological grading systems are used : the National Cancer Institute (NCI) system and the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC) system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="examples-of-grading-schemes">Examples of grading schemes</h2> Four-tier grading scheme<table><tbody><tr><td>Grade 1</td><td>Low grade</td><td>Well-differentiated</td></tr><tr><td>Grade 2</td><td>Intermediate grade</td><td>Moderately differentiated</td></tr><tr><td>Grade 3</td><td>High grade</td><td>Poorly differentiated</td></tr><tr><td>Grade 4</td><td>Anaplastic</td><td>Anaplastic</td></tr></tbody></table> Three-tier grading scheme<table><tbody><tr><td>Grade 1</td><td>Low grade</td><td>Well-differentiated</td></tr><tr><td>Grade 2</td><td>Intermediate grade</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Grade 3</td><td>High grade</td><td>Poorly differentiated</td></tr></tbody></table> Two-tier grading scheme<table><tbody><tr><td>Grade 1</td><td>Low grade</td><td>Well-differentiated</td></tr><tr><td>Grade 2</td><td>High grade</td><td>Poorly differentiated</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/TNM_staging_system/o8aMwDu0">TNM staging system (Other parameters)</a></li> <li>Tumor kinds that have their own grading system: <ul><li><a href="/facts/Teratoma/IGlQpvbw">Teratoma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gleason_score/JfTaBn0q">Gleason score</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cancernet/600059.html">CancerWeb</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020430124821/http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cancernet/600059.html">Archived</a> 2002-04-30 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="http://anocef.org/atlas/en/intro.html">Atlas Interactif de Neuro-Oncologie</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Abrams, Gerald. "Neoplasia II". Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031010106/http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patientspop-genetics/fall2008/materials" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151031010106/http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patientspop-genetics/fall2008/materials</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>National Cancer Institute, "Tumor Grade", accessed 18 August, 2014 <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/tumor-grade" target="_blank">https://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Detection/tumor-grade</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Gleason, Donald F; Mellinger George T (Feb 2002). "Prediction of prognosis for prostatic adenocarcinoma by combined histological grading and clinical staging. 1974". J. Urol. 167 (2 Pt 2). United States: 953–8, discussion 959. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(02)80309-3. ISSN 0022-5347. PMID 11905924. <a href="/wiki/United_States" target="_blank">/wiki/United_States</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Sawair FA, Irwin CR, Gordon DJ, Leonard AG, Stephenson M, Napier SS. Invasive front grading: reliability and usefulness in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003 Jan;32(1):1-9. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Neuvill; et al. (2014). "Grading of soft tissue sarcomas: from histological to molecular assessment". Pathology. 46 (2): 113–20. doi:10.1097/PAT.0000000000000048. PMID 24378389. S2CID 13436450. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Coindre JM (2006). "Grading of soft tissue sarcomas: review and update". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 130 (10): 1448–53. doi:10.5858/2006-130-1448-GOSTSR. PMID 17090186.Free full text <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>