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1982 in video games
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<h2 id="financial-performance">Financial performance</h2> <ul><li>The US <a href="/facts/Arcade_video_game/dCRltFVF">arcade video game</a> market is worth <a href="/facts/United_States_dollar/naEEDUhC">$</a>4.3 billion,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> equivalent to $14 billion adjusted for inflation.</li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Video_gaming_in_the_United_States/KAklxlf4">US home video game market</a> is worth $3.8 billion,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> equivalent to $12.4 billion adjusted for inflation.</li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Video_gaming_in_Japan/3JIUqUdS">Japanese home video game market</a> is approaching <a href="/facts/Japanese_yen/Txz0CFhd">¥</a>300 billion,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> equivalent to $4.49 billion adjusted for inflation.</li></ul> <h3>Highest-grossing arcade games</h3> <p>The highest-grossing <a href="/facts/Arcade_game/oBYn85uk">arcade game</a> of 1982 was <i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i>, which had accumulated a total revenue of $6 billion worldwide ($19.5 billion adjusted for inflation) by 1982.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h4>Japan</h4> <p>In Japan, the following titles were the highest-grossing <a href="/facts/Arcade_video_game/dCRltFVF">arcade video games</a> of 1982, according to the annual <i>Game Machine</i> chart.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rank</th><th>Title</th><th>Genre</th><th>Manufacturer</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Pole_Position/9KmScyb1">Pole Position</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Racing_game/szkhmK4d">Racing</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Namco/DA5E3xqv">Namco</a></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Dig_Dug/19jo0w1V">Dig Dug</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Maze_video_game/eGPVNtzk">Maze</a></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Galaga/dwSCS0TP">Galaga</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Fixed_shooter/dyAgF51H">Fixed shooter</a></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Pengo_(video_game)/fp8tGGW4">Pengo</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Maze_video_game/eGPVNtzk">Maze</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sega/f9TY2kyl">Sega</a></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Time_Pilot/mVyBsQt6">Time Pilot</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Shoot_%2527em_up/dyAgF51H">Shoot 'em up</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Konami/pBu2rpta">Konami</a></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)/C6LxVrLl">Donkey Kong</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Platform_game/KJnmd0Il">Platform</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nintendo/dMrLpaHu">Nintendo</a></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Front_Line_(video_game)/U7zgslaM">Front Line</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Shoot_%2527em_up/dyAgF51H">Shoot 'em up</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Taito/BW9Dl8jh">Taito</a></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_Jr./5xNMv3gP">Donkey Kong Jr.</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Platform_game/KJnmd0Il">Platform</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nintendo/dMrLpaHu">Nintendo</a></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Burnin%2527_Rubber/1MqWy7td">Burnin' Rubber</a></i> (<i>Bump 'n' Jump</i>)</td><td><a href="/facts/Vehicular_combat_game/319yoC2u">Vehicular combat</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Data_East/a9bencl5">Data East</a></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Mr._Do!/8IyFHx9y">Mr. Do!</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Maze_video_game/eGPVNtzk">Maze</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Universal_Entertainment/jnVBFAvW">Universal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h4>United States</h4> <p>In the United States, the following titles were the highest-grossing arcade games of 1982, according to <i>RePlay</i> and <i><a href="/facts/Cash_Box/8L7IspkS">Cash Box</a></i> magazines and the Amusement & Music Operators Association (AMOA). </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rank</th><th><i>RePlay</i></th><th><i><a href="/facts/Cash_Box/8L7IspkS">Cash Box</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></th><th>AMOA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></th><th><i><a href="/facts/Play_Meter/j4epJLS1">Play Meter</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)/C6LxVrLl">Donkey Kong</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td colspan="3"><i><a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td rowspan="5">Unknown</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i></td><td rowspan="5"><i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Centipede_(video_game)/VYT3DQLq">Centipede</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)/C6LxVrLl">Donkey Kong</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Defender_(1981_video_game)/4Xw2K2Dq">Defender</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Zaxxon/XUe3wLCF">Zaxxon</a></i></td><td rowspan="5">Unknown</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)/C6LxVrLl">Donkey Kong</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Centipede_(video_game)/VYT3DQLq">Centipede</a></i></td></tr><tr><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td rowspan="2">—</td></tr><tr><td>6</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following table lists the top-grossing titles of each month in 1982, according to the <i>RePlay</i> and <i><a href="/facts/Play_Meter/j4epJLS1">Play Meter</a></i> charts. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="2">Month</th><th colspan="2"><i>RePlay</i></th><th rowspan="2"><i><a href="/facts/Play_Meter/j4epJLS1">Play Meter</a></i></th><th rowspan="2">Ref</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Arcade_cabinet/hxmnSMvu">Upright cabinet</a></th><th><a href="/facts/Cocktail_cabinet/hxmnSMvu">Cocktail cabinet</a></th></tr><tr><td>January</td><td rowspan="3"><i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i></td><td>—</td><td rowspan="3">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>February</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>March</td><td rowspan="3"><i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a> / <a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>April</td><td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)/C6LxVrLl">Donkey Kong</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>May</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Turbo_(video_game)/NkPJprEj">Turbo</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>June</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Zaxxon/XUe3wLCF">Zaxxon</a></i></td><td>Unknown</td><td rowspan="6">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>July</td><td rowspan="3"><i><a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>August</td><td rowspan="5"><i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a> / <a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>September</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>October</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Jungle_Hunt/V2INhIy6">Jungle King</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>November</td><td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>December</td><td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th>1982</th><td colspan="2"><i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)/C6LxVrLl">Donkey Kong</a></i></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Best-selling home video games</h3> <p>The following titles were 1982's best-selling home video games. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rank</th><th>Title</th><th>Platform(s)</th><th>Developer</th><th>Publisher(s)</th><th>Release Year</th><th>Sales</th><th>Revenue</th><th>Inflation</th><th>Ref</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Atari_2600/wSTCRAvp">VCS</a>, <a href="/facts/Coleco/e0PekMbB">Coleco</a>, <a href="/facts/Nelsonic_Game_Watch/Pushvxq3">Nelsonic</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Namco/DA5E3xqv">Namco</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Atari%2c_Inc./CQh1gphs">Atari</a>, <a href="/facts/Coleco/e0PekMbB">Coleco</a>, <a href="/facts/Nelsonic/Pushvxq3">Nelsonic</a></td><td>1982</td><td>9,271,844</td><td>$200,000,000+</td><td>$650,000,000+</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_(arcade_game)/C6LxVrLl">Donkey Kong</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/ColecoVision/m6GreuwA">ColecoVision</a>, <a href="/facts/Atari_2600/wSTCRAvp">VCS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nintendo/dMrLpaHu">Nintendo</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Coleco/e0PekMbB">Coleco</a></td><td>1982</td><td>4,550,000</td><td>$100,000,000+</td><td>$330,000,000+</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Frogger/1oGAP7tY">Frogger</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/Atari_2600/wSTCRAvp">Atari VCS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Konami/pBu2rpta">Konami</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Parker_Brothers/1Lla5gjB">Parker Brothers</a></td><td>1982</td><td>4,000,000</td><td>$80,000,000</td><td>$260,000,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Defender_(1981_video_game)/4Xw2K2Dq">Defender</a></i></td><td>Atari VCS</td><td><a href="/facts/WMS_Industries/kfVWKka5">Williams</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Atari%2c_Inc./CQh1gphs">Atari, Inc.</a></td><td>1982</td><td>3,006,790</td><td colspan="2">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><i><a href="/facts/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial_(video_game)/oIWX9UFM">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a></i></td><td>Atari VCS</td><td><a href="/facts/Universal_Pictures/2xUCraUP">Universal</a></td><td>Atari, Inc.</td><td>1982</td><td>2,637,985</td><td colspan="2">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Berzerk_(video_game)/lH5Nx4vW">Berzerk</a></i></td><td>Atari VCS</td><td><a href="/facts/Atari%2c_Inc./CQh1gphs">Atari, Inc.</a></td><td>Atari, Inc.</td><td>1982</td><td>1,798,773</td><td colspan="2">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Space_Invaders/A4R9djwo">Space Invaders</a></i></td><td>Atari VCS</td><td><a href="/facts/Taito/BW9Dl8jh">Taito</a></td><td>Atari, Inc.</td><td>1980</td><td>1,373,033</td><td colspan="2">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Asteroids_(video_game)/KVS49vQg">Asteroids</a></i></td><td>Atari VCS</td><td>Atari, Inc.</td><td>Atari, Inc.</td><td>1981</td><td>1,331,956</td><td colspan="2">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Pitfall!/YV8z3EUn">Pitfall!</a></i></td><td>Atari VCS</td><td><a href="/facts/Activision/NmDDD1wW">Activision</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Activision/NmDDD1wW">Activision</a></td><td>1982</td><td>1,000,000+</td><td colspan="2">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/facts/Night_Driver_(video_game)/TPXMxJ7Q"><i>Night Driver</i></a></td><td>Atari VCS</td><td>Atari, Inc.</td><td>Atari, Inc.</td><td>1980</td><td>457,058</td><td colspan="2">Unknown</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Best-selling home systems</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rank</th><th>System(s)</th><th>Manufacturer</th><th>Type</th><th>Generation</th><th>Sales</th><th>Ref</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/facts/Atari_2600/wSTCRAvp">Atari 2600</a> (Atari VCS)</td><td><a href="/facts/Atari%2c_Inc./CQh1gphs">Atari, Inc.</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Home_console/zP1RTC84">Console</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles/98kebVIk">Second</a></td><td>5,100,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/facts/Game_%2526_Watch/bI6ULCDw">Game & Watch</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nintendo/dMrLpaHu">Nintendo</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Handheld_electronic_game/LTnxWIhf">Handheld</a></td><td>—</td><td>4,600,000+</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/facts/Coleco/e0PekMbB">Coleco Mini-Arcade</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Coleco/e0PekMbB">Coleco</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Dedicated_console/V3SbhGM0">Dedicated</a></td><td>—</td><td>3,000,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Intellivision/tAp8QDU6">Intellivision</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mattel/WM3blRN4">Mattel</a></td><td>Console</td><td>Second</td><td>1,100,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/facts/Timex_Sinclair_1000/MgroVp9B">Timex Sinclair 1000</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Timex_Sinclair/7Qg6MIz7">Timex Sinclair</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Home_computer/CDEPVd1T">Computer</a></td><td><a href="/facts/8-bit/2CkhLNoH">8-bit</a></td><td>750,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">6</td><td><a href="/facts/Atari_400/aT04N5zR">Atari 400</a> / <a href="/facts/Atari_800/nDvytDes">Atari 800</a></td><td>Atari, Inc.</td><td>Computer</td><td>8-bit</td><td>600,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Commodore_64/3TPcKDbb">Commodore 64</a> / <a href="/facts/VIC-20/bLE8KkRE">VIC-20</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Commodore_International/SlfXKbCN">Commodore International</a></td><td>Computer</td><td>8-bit</td><td>600,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/TI-99%2f4A/9YWyzBhp">TI-99/4</a> / <a href="/facts/TI-99%2f4A/9YWyzBhp">TI-99/4A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Texas_Instruments/88NUhuHF">Texas Instruments</a></td><td>Computer</td><td>16-bit</td><td>600,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/facts/ColecoVision/m6GreuwA">ColecoVision</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Coleco/e0PekMbB">Coleco</a></td><td>Console</td><td>Second</td><td>550,000</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/facts/Nelsonic_Game_Watch/Pushvxq3">Nelsonic Game Watch</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nelsonic_Industries/Pushvxq3">Nelsonic Industries</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Handheld_electronic_game/LTnxWIhf">Handheld</a></td><td>—</td><td>500,000+</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="events">Events</h2> <ul><li>December 27 – <i><a href="/facts/Starcade/fw3LCxNU">Starcade</a></i>, a <a href="/facts/Video_game/vmTdNASJ">video game</a> <a href="/facts/Television/X4YG5nT1">television</a> <a href="/facts/Game_show/mIK3t6xK">game show</a>, debuts on <a href="/facts/TBS_(American_TV_channel)/HuTQDb4X">TBS</a> in the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a>.</li></ul> <h3>Major awards</h3> <ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Electronic_Games/IsuVjT4T">Electronic Games</a></i> holds the third <a href="/facts/Electronic_Games/IsuVjT4T">Arcade Awards</a>, for games released during 1980–1981. <i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i> wins the best <a href="/facts/Arcade_game/oBYn85uk">arcade game</a> award, <i><a href="/facts/Asteroids_(video_game)/KVS49vQg">Asteroids</a></i> (<a href="/facts/Atari_2600/wSTCRAvp">Atari VCS</a>) wins the best <a href="/facts/Console_game/3RoDIJPA">console game</a> award, and <i><a href="/facts/Star_Raiders/XvSVkSGe">Star Raiders</a></i> (<a href="/facts/Atari_8-bit_computers/aT04N5zR">Atari 8-bit computers</a>) wins the best <a href="/facts/PC_game/AEDr23gA">computer game</a> award.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i> wins the <a href="/facts/Video_Software_Dealers_Association/YNxVCELz">Video Software Dealers Association</a>'s VSDA Award for Best Videogame.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="business">Business</h2> <ul><li>Eidansha Boshu Service Center shortens its name to <a href="/facts/Enix/e2d237yv">Enix</a> and in August establishes itself as a <a href="/facts/PC_game/AEDr23gA">computer game</a> publisher.</li> <li>New companies: <ul><li><a href="/facts/Argonaut_Games/VuhH5JPj">Argonaut</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Artech_Studios/LfKbn9Wx">Artech</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Compile_(publisher)/NxwclvN2">Compile</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cosmi_Corporation/82oXvcUC">Cosmi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Data_Age/rXazTMyx">Data Age</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Distinctive_Software/bgeA33Pq">Distinctive Software</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Dragon_Data/aM1xpcL7">Dragon Data</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Electronic_Arts/fy7Ppdem">Electronic Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/English_Software/y5hsXrCz">English Software</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/First_Star_Software/2HEg9UaN">First Star Software</a></li> <li>Gamestar</li> <li><a href="/facts/Imagine_Software/EpSjAr48">Imagine Software</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Llamasoft/SMyyKtja">Llamasoft</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lucasfilm_Games/KpwJclUk">Lucasfilm Games</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Martech/DSDDLlQ4">Martech</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/MicroProse/PfVMUsIV">MicroProse</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Richard_Shepherd_Software/j01RppXw">Richard Shepherd Software</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/System_3_(company)/stomBd91">System 3</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ultimate_Play_the_Game/goHbaKy2">Ultimate Play the Game</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/U.S._Games/NP41BngC">U.S. Games</a></li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="notable-releases">Notable releases</h2> <h3>Games</h3> <h4>Arcade</h4> <ul><li>January – <a href="/facts/Sega/f9TY2kyl">Sega</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Zaxxon/XUe3wLCF">Zaxxon</a></i>, which introduces <a href="/facts/Isometric_video_game_graphics/v1cxTK0c">isometric graphics</a> and looks far more 3D than any other raster game at the time.</li> <li>January 13 – <a href="/facts/Midway_Games/NSjWGCeP">Midway</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Ms._Pac-Man/tfAJLISz">Ms. Pac-Man</a></i> (despite it being copyrighted as 1981); it is (as the name suggests) the sequel to <i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man/Hx1pqvUQ">Pac-Man</a></i>, but was created without <a href="/facts/Namco/DA5E3xqv">Namco</a>'s authorization. They also release <i><a href="/facts/Baby_Pac-Man/aq20tABQ">Baby Pac-Man</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man_Plus/gB59gmBc">Pac-Man Plus</a></i> without Namco's authorization later in the year; the former is a pinball/video game hybrid.</li> <li>April 19 – <a href="/facts/Namco/DA5E3xqv">Namco</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Dig_Dug/19jo0w1V">Dig Dug</a></i>, manufactured by <a href="/facts/Atari/XK95bfqH">Atari</a> in North America.</li> <li>August – <a href="/facts/Nintendo/dMrLpaHu">Nintendo</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong_Jr./5xNMv3gP">Donkey Kong Jr.</a></i>, the sequel to <i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong/fVuYobd0">Donkey Kong</a></i>.</li> <li>August – <a href="/facts/Taito/BW9Dl8jh">Taito</a> releases parallax scroller <i><a href="/facts/Jungle_Hunt/V2INhIy6">Jungle Hunt</a></i>.</li> <li>September 24 – Namco releases <i><a href="/facts/Pole_Position_(video_game)/9KmScyb1">Pole Position</a></i>, one of the first games with <a href="/facts/Stereophonic_sound/z0vmJcGT">stereophonic</a> and <a href="/facts/Quadraphonic_sound/JdyskzCT">quadraphonic sound</a>. Featuring a <a href="/facts/2.5D/yYrVGBAY">pseudo-3D</a>, <a href="/facts/Third-person_(video_games)/fCkGL0Gj">third-person</a>, rear-view perspective, it becomes the most popular <a href="/facts/Racing_video_game/szkhmK4d">racing game</a> of its time.</li> <li>September – <a href="/facts/Sega/f9TY2kyl">Sega</a> releases maze game <i><a href="/facts/Pengo_(video_game)/fp8tGGW4">Pengo</a></i>, starring a cute penguin.</li> <li>October – Namco releases <i><a href="/facts/Super_Pac-Man/phVaEEEP">Super Pac-Man</a></i>, the third title in the <a href="/facts/List_of_Pac-Man_video_games/aq20tABQ"><i>Pac-Man</i> series</a>.</li> <li>October – Universal releases <i><a href="/facts/Mr._Do!/8IyFHx9y">Mr. Do!</a></i> solely as a conversion kit, the first game in the series.</li> <li>October – <a href="/facts/Gottlieb/adqd20va">Gottlieb</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Q*bert/7GP4kN5n">Q*bert</a></i>.</li> <li>November – <a href="/facts/Konami/pBu2rpta">Konami</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Time_Pilot/mVyBsQt6">Time Pilot</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bally_Technologies/jeXlyK81">Bally</a>/<a href="/facts/Midway_Games/NSjWGCeP">Midway</a> releases the <i><a href="/facts/Tron_(video_game)/7u8kVbCj">Tron</a></i> arcade game before the movie.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Atari/XK95bfqH">Atari</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Gravitar/VkUbBwFQ">Gravitar</a></i> which, though extraordinarily difficult, inspires a number of gravity-based home computer games.</li> <li><a href="/facts/WMS_Industries/kfVWKka5">Williams Electronics</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Joust_(video_game)/cAt95cp9">Joust</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Robotron%3a_2084/0FErUqlt">Robotron: 2084</a></i>, and the second game of the year with parallax scrolling, Irem's <i><a href="/facts/Moon_Patrol/3S6EFUbD">Moon Patrol</a></i>. <i>Robotron</i> popularizes the twin-stick control scheme for fast action games.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Data_East/a9bencl5">Data East</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/BurgerTime/Gr8v5nbC">BurgerTime</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Taito/BW9Dl8jh">Taito</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Front_Line_(video_game)/U7zgslaM">Front Line</a></i>, which creates the blueprint for mid-80s, vertically scrolling, commando games.</li> <li>Electro Sport releases <i>Quarter Horse</i>, the first <a href="/facts/Laserdisc_video_game/66qUVkJs">Laserdisc video game</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Kangaroo_(video_game)/NpgXvLal">Kangaroo</a></i> is one of the first <i>Donkey Kong</i>-inspired games to become popular in arcades.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Gottlieb/adqd20va">Gottlieb</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Reactor_(video_game)/jpPmU8Jr">Reactor</a></i>.</li></ul> <h4>Console</h4> <ul><li>February – <a href="/facts/Atari/XK95bfqH">Atari</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Haunted_House_(video_game)/0RnAKDhe">Haunted House</a></i> for the 2600, which is later considered one of the first survival horror games.</li> <li>March – <a href="/facts/Atari/XK95bfqH">Atari</a>'s <a href="/facts/Atari_2600/wSTCRAvp">Atari 2600</a> version of <i><a href="/facts/Pac-Man_(Atari_2600_video_game)/b6bKh1xr">Pac-Man</a></i> hits stores.</li> <li>April – <a href="/facts/Activision/NmDDD1wW">Activision</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Pitfall!/YV8z3EUn">Pitfall!</a></i>, which goes on to sell 4 million copies.</li> <li>May – <a href="/facts/Atari/XK95bfqH">Atari</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Yars%2527_Revenge/wc57xefs">Yars' Revenge</a></i>.</li> <li>August – Overlooked arcade games are revitalized as <a href="/facts/ColecoVision/m6GreuwA">ColecoVision</a> launch titles, including <i><a href="/facts/Cosmic_Avenger/nWFd7GXe">Cosmic Avenger</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Mouse_Trap_(1981_video_game)/ERFBA2Q5">Mouse Trap</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Lady_Bug_(video_game)/JzJ868nD">Lady Bug</a></i>, and <i><a href="/facts/Venture_(video_game)/wMSH7bcG">Venture</a></i>.</li> <li>October – <a href="/facts/Atari/XK95bfqH">Atari</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Swordquest/luHBGNrG">Swordquest: Earthworld</a></i>, the first title in a planned four-game contest.</li> <li>December – <a href="/facts/Atari/XK95bfqH">Atari</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial_(video_game)/oIWX9UFM">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a></i>. Written in five and a half weeks, it's one of the games that sparks the <a href="/facts/Video_game_crash_of_1983/dvAcwzmf">video game crash of 1983</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Activision/NmDDD1wW">Activision</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/River_Raid/mD0MpILu">River Raid</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Megamania/PXGVwD67">Megamania</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Barnstorming_(video_game)/9Mu3fHvV">Barnstorming</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Chopper_Command/4qPyGoWW">Chopper Command</a></i>, and <i><a href="/facts/Starmaster/KLmcx9mp">Starmaster</a></i> for the Atari 2600. <i>River Raid</i> becomes one of the all-time bestselling games for the system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Starpath/r1o0jFrH">Starpath</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Dragonstomper/dGVWqvnr">Dragonstomper</a></i> (the only RPG for the Atari 2600) and <i><a href="/facts/Escape_From_the_Mindmaster/eYf6NvI5">Escape From the Mindmaster</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Parker_Brothers/1Lla5gjB">Parker Brothers</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Star_Wars%3a_The_Empire_Strikes_Back_(1982_video_game)/2XEp5mI5">Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back</a></i> for the Atari 2600, which is the first <i><a href="/facts/Star_Wars/9Y5j3IPP">Star Wars</a></i> video game.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Imagic/FtUtVLsI">Imagic</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Demon_Attack/Dtmaeq9F">Demon Attack</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Atlantis_(video_game)/xDGhw3Nb">Atlantis</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Cosmic_Ark/T5K035Mx">Cosmic Ark</a></i>, and <i><a href="/facts/Dragonfire_(video_game)/N9KcwKyH">Dragonfire</a></i> for the 2600. <i>Atlantis</i> sells over a million copies while <i>Demon Attack</i> doubles that.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li></ul> <h4>Computer</h4> <ul><li>March 11 – <a href="/facts/Infocom/H0es7Y3g">Infocom</a> releases their first non-Zork title, <i><a href="/facts/Deadline_(1982_video_game)/G1Q7Eqk0">Deadline</a></i>.</li> <li>August 24 – <i><a href="/facts/Ultima_II%3a_The_Revenge_of_the_Enchantress/M2oSFfuU">Ultima II: The Revenge of the Enchantress</a></i> is released.</li> <li>November – <i><a href="/facts/History_of_Microsoft_Flight_Simulator/7b8f2bWK">Microsoft Flight Simulator 1.0</a></i> is released for MS-DOS. It becomes a standard compatibility test for early PC clones.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Big_Five_Software/lPmp1jJN">Big Five Software</a> releases the widely ported <i><a href="/facts/Miner_2049er/M9KcW0Y7">Miner 2049er</a></i>, a platform game with ten screens compared to the four of <i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong/fVuYobd0">Donkey Kong</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Broderbund/hqef1olm">Broderbund</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Choplifter/20nqc06u">Choplifter</a></i> for the Apple II.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Edu-Ware/IcPAaIyn">Edu-Ware</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Prisoner_2/EJ7mLVGF">Prisoner 2</a></i> for the <a href="/facts/Apple_II/se82CNvK">Apple II</a>, <a href="/facts/Atari_8-bit_computers/aT04N5zR">Atari 8-bit computers</a>, and <a href="/facts/IBM_PC_compatible/zGUpl7Sh">IBM PC compatibles</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Koei/wNnNcVWa">Koei</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/History_of_Eastern_role-playing_video_games/xLWdXRkg">The Dragon and Princess</a></i>, the earliest known <a href="/facts/History_of_Eastern_role-playing_video_games/xLWdXRkg">Japanese RPG</a>, for <a href="/facts/NEC/YnlUsMBA">NEC</a>'s <a href="/facts/PC-8000_Series/zzXU6g3k">PC-8001</a> home computer platform.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> It is an early example of <a href="/facts/Tactical_role-playing_game/MywnsCp6">tactical</a> <a href="/facts/Turn-based_tactics/yXMMVXsf">turn-based</a> combat in the <a href="/facts/Role-playing_video_game/o4sTj5vl">RPG</a> genre.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></li> <li>Koei releases <i><a href="/facts/Night_Life_(video_game)/swYeU02E">Night Life</a></i>, the first erotic computer game (<a href="/facts/Eroge/rVAMjfCt">Eroge</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> The company also released the erotic title, <i>Seduction of the Condominium Wife</i> (団地妻の誘惑, <i>Danchi Tsuma no Yūwaku</i>), which was an early <a href="/facts/Role-playing_video_game/o4sTj5vl">role-playing</a> <a href="/facts/Adventure_game/jXMz5Ds8">adventure game</a> with color graphics,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> owing to the eight-color palette of the <a href="/facts/PC-8000_series/zzXU6g3k">PC-8001</a> computer. It became a hit, helping Koei become a major software company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pony_Canyon/IGQQmzBh">Pony Canyon</a> releases <i>Spy Daisakusen</i>, another early Japanese RPG. Based on the <i><a href="/facts/Mission%3a_Impossible_(1966_TV_series)/950kfVsF">Mission: Impossible</a></i> franchise, it replaces the traditional <a href="/facts/Fantasy/gkujmhJg">fantasy</a> setting with a modern <a href="/facts/Stealth_game/3Ra4Ezjz">espionage</a> setting.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sir-Tech/AxI93XnL">Sir-Tech</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Wizardry_II%3a_The_Knight_of_Diamonds/P57yjY9W">Wizardry II: The Knight of Diamonds</a></i>, the second scenario in the <i><a href="/facts/Wizardry_(video_game_series)/eHE0838E">Wizardry</a></i> series.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sierra_Entertainment/9B83JIW6">Sierra On-Line</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Time_Zone_(video_game)/sJKnbzg1">Time Zone</a></i> for the <a href="/facts/Apple_II/se82CNvK">Apple II</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> Written and directed by <a href="/facts/Roberta_Williams/B02NKKeG">Roberta Williams</a>, the graphical adventure game shipped with 6 double-sided floppy disks and cost US$99.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Synapse_Software/TbvstIEb">Synapse</a> releases <i><a href="/facts/Necromancer_(video_game)/hEhJvWC7">Necromancer</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Shamus_(video_game)/oAE4l2R8">Shamus</a></i> for the <a href="/facts/Atari_8-bit_computers/aT04N5zR">Atari 8-bit computers</a>.</li> <li>Hiroyuki Imabayashi's <a href="/facts/Sokoban/T1G50XgG">Sokoban</a> is released for the <a href="/facts/PC-88/5R5gdl81">PC-88</a> and becomes an oft-cloned puzzle game concept.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Datamost/cFE5ts7y">Datamost</a> releases the action/adventure game <i><a href="/facts/Aztec_(video_game)/7RFU9lTq">Aztec</a></i> for the Apple II.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/The_Arcade_Machine/hzUpm5Hl">The Arcade Machine</a></i> from Broderbund is one of the first general-purpose game creation kits.</li></ul> <h3>Hardware</h3> <h4>Arcade</h4> <ul><li>January – Sega releases the <a href="/facts/Sega_Zaxxon/0lGYf2XY">Sega Zaxxon</a>, an <a href="/facts/Arcade_system_board/dCRltFVF">arcade system board</a> that introduces <a href="/facts/Isometric_graphics_in_video_games_and_pixel_art/v1cxTK0c">isometric graphics</a>.</li> <li>September – Namco releases the <a href="/facts/Namco_Pole_Position/QrjAL8mM">Namco Pole Position</a>, the first arcade system board to use <a href="/facts/16-bit/bTGS44Ne">16-bit</a> <a href="/facts/Microprocessor/Fx9CaQht">microprocessors</a>, with two <a href="/facts/Zilog_Z8000/do1uTklA">Zilog Z8002</a> processors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> It is capable of <a href="/facts/2.5D/yYrVGBAY">pseudo-3D</a>, <a href="/facts/Sprite_(computer_graphics)/qLHf8V8e">sprite</a>-scaling, and displays up to 3840 <a href="/facts/List_of_color_palettes/H07dhXYn">colors</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></li></ul> <h4>Console</h4> <ul><li>May – <a href="/facts/Emerson_Electric/61D4tUUn">Emerson</a> releases the <a href="/facts/Arcadia_2001/QbmDAgmc">Arcadia 2001</a>.</li> <li>August – Starpath releases the <a href="/facts/Starpath_Supercharger/NQk6yu7s">Starpath Supercharger</a> add-on for the <a href="/facts/Atari_2600/wSTCRAvp">Atari 2600</a></li> <li>August – <a href="/facts/Coleco/e0PekMbB">Coleco</a> launches <a href="/facts/ColecoVision/m6GreuwA">ColecoVision</a> in North America, the first console with versions of <i><a href="/facts/Donkey_Kong/fVuYobd0">Donkey Kong</a></i> and Sega's isometric <i><a href="/facts/Zaxxon/XUe3wLCF">Zaxxon</a></i>.</li> <li>November – General Consumer Electronics releases the <a href="/facts/Vectrex/t5zaHqtG">Vectrex</a> with built-in vector monitor.</li> <li>November – Atari renames the venerable Atari Video Computer System to the Atari 2600.</li> <li>Atari releases the <a href="/facts/Atari_5200/QlQbxMEx">Atari 5200</a>, a console based on the hardware of <a href="/facts/Atari_8-bit_computers/aT04N5zR">Atari 8-bit computers</a> with analog joysticks and no keyboard.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Entex_Industries/3ByTnJuz">Entex</a> releases the <a href="/facts/Entex_Adventure_Vision/HrNoS8Wm">Adventure Vision</a> tabletop console.</li></ul> <h4>Computer</h4> <ul><li>July – <a href="/facts/Timex_Sinclair/7Qg6MIz7">Timex Sinclair</a> releases a modified <a href="/facts/ZX81/I0uDYb3n">ZX81</a> in the US as the <a href="/facts/Timex_Sinclair_1000/MgroVp9B">TS1000</a>. It's the first sub-$100 home computer.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Commodore_International/SlfXKbCN">Commodore Business Machines</a> releases the <a href="/facts/Commodore_64/3TPcKDbb">Commodore 64</a> home computer, which would become one of the best-selling computers of all time.</li> <li><a href="/facts/NEC/YnlUsMBA">NEC</a> releases the <a href="/facts/NEC_PC-9801/b0br6zGu">NEC PC-98</a>, which would become the Japanese market leader and one of the best-selling computers of all time. It is released as the <a href="/facts/APC_III/fyQHTI4E">APC</a> overseas.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sharp_Corporation/IbmkAjKB">Sharp</a> releases the <a href="/facts/X1_(computer)/CKbqVvMK">X1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sinclair_Research/yrpr4FGp">Sinclair Research</a> releases the <a href="/facts/ZX_Spectrum/JVbaDHrU">ZX Spectrum</a> home computer, which would become Britain's best-selling computer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Dragon_Data/aM1xpcL7">Dragon Data</a>, initially a subsidiary of <a href="/facts/Mettoy/xR2FgEP0">Mettoy</a>, releases the <a href="/facts/Dragon_32/G7LaxnVn">Dragon 32</a> home microcomputer.</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/1982_in_games/6kr5hULF">1982 in games</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Video Game Myth Busters - Did the "Crash" of 1983/84 Affect Arcades?, The Golden Age Arcade Historian (December 27, 2013) <a href="http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/video-game-myth-buster-did-crash-of.html" target="_blank">http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/video-game-myth-buster-did-crash-of.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Everett M. Rogers & Judith K. Larsen (1984), Silicon Valley fever: growth of high-technology culture, Basic Books, p. 263, ISBN 0-465-07821-4, Video game machines have an average weekly take of $109 per machine. The video arcade industry took in $8 billion in quarters in 1982, surpassing pop music (at $4 billion in sales per year) and Hollywood films ($3 billion). Those 32 billion arcade games played translate to 143 games for every man, woman, and child in America. A recent Atari survey showed that 86 percent of the US population from 13 to 20 has played some kind of video game and an estimated 8 million US homes have video games hooked up to the television set. Sales of home video games were $3.8 billion in 1982, approximately half that of video game arcades. <a href="0-465-07821-4" target="_blank">0-465-07821-4</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The Home Video-Game Industry (1983-1996) - Competitive Strategy Revolving around Industry Standards" (PDF). gbrc.jp. p. 43. <a href="http://www.gbrc.jp/content/old/PDF/GameCase.PDF#page=43" target="_blank">http://www.gbrc.jp/content/old/PDF/GameCase.PDF#page=43</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Uncle John's Legendary Lost Bathroom Reader. Portable Press. September 1999. p. 373. ISBN 978-1-879682-74-0. In 1982 alone, Americans pumped $6 billion in quarters into Pac-Man's mouth—more than they spent in Las Vegas casinos and movie theatres combined. <a href="978-1-879682-74-0" target="_blank">978-1-879682-74-0</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Uncle John's Legendary Lost Bathroom Reader. Simon and Schuster. November 2012. p. 348. ISBN 978-1-60710-670-8. In 1982 alone, Americans pumped $6 billion in quarters into Pac-Man's mouth—more than they spent in Las Vegas casinos and movie theatres combined. <a href="978-1-60710-670-8" target="_blank">978-1-60710-670-8</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>""Pole Position" No. 1 Video Game: Game Machine's "The Year's Best Three AM Machines" Survey Results" (PDF). Game Machine. No. 207. Amusement Press, Inc. March 1, 1983. p. 30. <a href="https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830301p.pdf#page=16" target="_blank">https://onitama.tv/gamemachine/pdf/19830301p.pdf#page=16</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"1982 Jukebox / Games Route Survey". Cash Box. Cash Box Pub. Co. November 20, 1982. p. 53. <a href="https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_23/page/53" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_23/page/53</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"AMOA Announces Jukebox and Games Awards Winners". Cash Box. Cash Box Pub. Co.: 37 October 30, 1982. <a href="https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_20/page/36/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/cashbox44unse_20/page/36/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"1982". Play Meter. Vol. 20, no. 13. December 1994. p. 68. <a href="https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-20-number-13-december-1994/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2020%2C%20Number%2013%20-%20December%201994/page/68" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-20-number-13-december-1994/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2020%2C%20Number%2013%20-%20December%201994/page/68</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Top Hits of Last 5 Years". RePlay. March 1987. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. January 1982. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. February 1982. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. March 1982. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Top Videos". Play Meter. May 1, 1982. <a href="/wiki/Play_Meter" target="_blank">/wiki/Play_Meter</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Ten Years Ago". Play Meter. Vol. 18, no. 5. April 1992. p. 52. <a href="https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-18-number-5-april-1992-600DPI/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2018%2C%20Number%205%20-%20April%201992/page/n57" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-18-number-5-april-1992-600DPI/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2018%2C%20Number%205%20-%20April%201992/page/n57</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. April 1982. <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. May 1982. <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Top Videos". Play Meter. May 1, 1982. <a href="/wiki/Play_Meter" target="_blank">/wiki/Play_Meter</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. June 1982. <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. July 1982. <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. August 1982. <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. September 1982. <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. October 1982. <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. November 1982. <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"RePlay: The Players' Choice". RePlay. December 1982. <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Sullivan, George (1983). Screen Play: The Story of Video Games. F. Warne. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-7232-6251-0. Before the end of the year Ms. Pac-Man had climbed to the top of the Play Meter chart. <a href="978-0-7232-6251-0" target="_blank">978-0-7232-6251-0</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"Top Hits of Last 5 Years". RePlay. March 1987. <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"1982". Play Meter. Vol. 20, no. 13. December 1994. p. 68. <a href="https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-20-number-13-december-1994/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2020%2C%20Number%2013%20-%20December%201994/page/68" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/play-meter-volume-20-number-13-december-1994/Play%20Meter%20-%20Volume%2020%2C%20Number%2013%20-%20December%201994/page/68</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Atari VCS version sold 7,271,844 cartridges[26] ($200 million).[27] Coleco's Mini-Arcade version sold 1.5 million units.[28][29] Nelsonic Game Watch version sold more than 500,000 units.[30] <a href="/wiki/Pac-Man_(Atari_2600)" target="_blank">/wiki/Pac-Man_(Atari_2600)</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>ColecoVision version sold 550,000 cartridges.[31] Atari VCS version sold 4 million cartridges ($100 million).[32] <a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" target="_blank">/wiki/ColecoVision</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Ed English: 2600 (Frogger, Mr. Do!, Roc 'n Rope)" (PDF). Digital Press. No. 52. May–June 2003. p. 7. Retrieved April 19, 2021. <a href="https://www.digitpress.com/library/newsletters/digitalpress/dp52.pdf#page=7" target="_blank">https://www.digitpress.com/library/newsletters/digitalpress/dp52.pdf#page=7</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in. <a href="/wiki/Atari_Corp." target="_blank">/wiki/Atari_Corp.</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in. <a href="/wiki/Atari_Corp." target="_blank">/wiki/Atari_Corp.</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in. <a href="/wiki/Atari_Corp." target="_blank">/wiki/Atari_Corp.</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in. <a href="/wiki/Atari_Corp." target="_blank">/wiki/Atari_Corp.</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in. <a href="/wiki/Atari_Corp." target="_blank">/wiki/Atari_Corp.</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Sigel, Efrem; Giglio, Louis (1984). Guide to Software Publishing: An Industry Emerges. Knowledge Industry Publications. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-86729-108-7. Pitfall won the award from Electronic Games magazine as the best video game adventure of 1983, and in 1982 sold more than 1 million copies. <a href="978-0-86729-108-7" target="_blank">978-0-86729-108-7</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>"Our games have birthdays, but they don't get old". Cash Box. Cash Box Pub. Co.: FS-5 October 8, 1983. <a href="https://archive.org/details/cashbox45unse_17/page/5" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/cashbox45unse_17/page/5</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Cartridge Sales Since 1980. Atari Corp. Via "The Agony & The Ecstasy". Once Upon Atari. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in. <a href="/wiki/Atari_Corp." target="_blank">/wiki/Atari_Corp.</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>Guins, Raiford (January 24, 2014). Game After: A Cultural Study of Video Game Afterlife. MIT Press. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-262-32018-4. <a href="978-0-262-32018-4" target="_blank">978-0-262-32018-4</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>Japan Company Handbook. Toyo Keizai. 1982. p. 729. In Aug. '82 term, sales of "Game & Watch" will increase from 4.6 million to 7 million units <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PmyxAAAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=PmyxAAAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>"More Mini-Arcades Coming From Coleco" (PDF). Arcade Express. Vol. 1, no. 13. January 30, 1983. p. 2. <a href="http://www.digitpress.com/library/newsletters/arcadeexpress/arcade_express_v1n13.pdf#page=2" target="_blank">http://www.digitpress.com/library/newsletters/arcadeexpress/arcade_express_v1n13.pdf#page=2</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Secretan, Lance H. K. (1986). Managerial Moxie: A Basic Strategy for the Corporate Trenches. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-03-928852-5. Industry observers estimate that while Intellivision unit sales sank from 1.1 million units in 1982 to 550,000 in 1983, Coleco Vision unit sales rocketed from 550,000 to 1.2 million <a href="978-0-03-928852-5" target="_blank">978-0-03-928852-5</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>Libes, Sol (April 1983). "Bytelines: Market Share for the PC". BYTE. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 457–460 (458). Retrieved December 6, 2021 – via Internet Archive. <a href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-04-rescan/page/n467/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-04-rescan/page/n467/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>Reimer, Jeremy (December 15, 2005). "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2021. Jeremy Reimer (December 7, 2012). "Total Share: Personal Computer Market Share 1975-2010". Jeremy Reimer. <a href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/" target="_blank">https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>Libes, Sol (April 1983). "Bytelines: Market Share for the PC". BYTE. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 457–460 (458). Retrieved December 6, 2021 – via Internet Archive. <a href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-04-rescan/page/n467/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-04-rescan/page/n467/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>Libes, Sol (April 1983). "Bytelines: Market Share for the PC". BYTE. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 457–460 (458). Retrieved December 6, 2021 – via Internet Archive. <a href="https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-04-rescan/page/n467/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-04-rescan/page/n467/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>Carlisle, Rodney P. (April 2, 2009). Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society. SAGE Publishing. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-4129-6670-2. <a href="978-1-4129-6670-2" target="_blank">978-1-4129-6670-2</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>Secretan, Lance H. K. (1986). Managerial Moxie: A Basic Strategy for the Corporate Trenches. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-03-928852-5. Industry observers estimate that while Intellivision unit sales sank from 1.1 million units in 1982 to 550,000 in 1983, Coleco Vision unit sales rocketed from 550,000 to 1.2 million <a href="978-0-03-928852-5" target="_blank">978-0-03-928852-5</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>Shea, Tom (December 20, 1982). "Shrinking Pac-Man leads game-wristwatch market". InfoWorld. Vol. 4, no. 50. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. pp. 44–5. ISSN 0199-6649. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=FTAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>"Pac-Man Scores!". Electronic Games. Vol. 1, no. 11. January 1983. p. 12. <a href="https://archive.org/details/ElectronicGames/Electronic%20Games%20Issue%2011%20%28January%201983%29/page/n12" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/ElectronicGames/Electronic%20Games%20Issue%2011%20%28January%201983%29/page/n12</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>Buchanan, Levi (August 26, 2008). "Top 10 Best-Selling Atari 2600 Games". IGN. <a href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/08/26/top-10-best-selling-atari-2600-games" target="_blank">https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/08/26/top-10-best-selling-atari-2600-games</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>Buchanan, Levi (August 26, 2008). "Top 10 Best-Selling Atari 2600 Games". IGN. <a href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/08/26/top-10-best-selling-atari-2600-games" target="_blank">https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/08/26/top-10-best-selling-atari-2600-games</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>"ランダム・アクセス・メモ". Oh! FM-7. August 4, 2001. p. 4. Archived from the original on March 22, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2011. (Translation) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322151107/http://www.retropc.net/fm-7/random_access_memo/04.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120322151107/http://www.retropc.net/fm-7/random_access_memo/04.html</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>"Dark Age of JRPGS (1): The Dragon & Princess (1982)". <a href="http://blog.hardcoregaming101.net/2013/04/dark-age-of-jrpgs-dragon-princess-1982.html" target="_blank">http://blog.hardcoregaming101.net/2013/04/dark-age-of-jrpgs-dragon-princess-1982.html</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier, Hardcore Gaming 101, reprinted from Retro Gamer, Issue 67, 2009 <a href="http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/JPNcomputers/Japanesecomputers3.htm" target="_blank">http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/JPNcomputers/Japanesecomputers3.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>"Danchizuma no Yuuwaku". Legendra. Archived from the original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713195411/http://www.legendra.com/rpg/fiche-rpg_id-3276-rpg-danchizuma_no_yuuwaku.html#fichesr_33_3276" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110713195411/http://www.legendra.com/rpg/fiche-rpg_id-3276-rpg-danchizuma_no_yuuwaku.html#fichesr_33_3276</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:58"><p>"Danchi-zuma no Yuuwaku". GameSpot. Retrieved March 16, 2011. <a href="http://www.gamespot.com/fm7/rpg/danchizumanoyuuwaku/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.gamespot.com/fm7/rpg/danchizumanoyuuwaku/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:59"><p>Pesimo, Rudyard Contretas (2007). "'Asianizing' Animation in Asia: Digital Content Identity Construction Within the Animation Landscapes of Japan and Thailand" (PDF). 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