Proxmox Virtual Environment

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
Development of Proxmox VE started in 2005 when Dietmar Maurer and Martin Maurer, two Linux developers, discovered OpenVZ had no backup tool or management GUI. KVM was also appearing at the same time in Linux, and was added shortly afterwards.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
The first public release took place in April 2008. It supported container and full virtualization, managed with a web-based user interface similar to other commercial offerings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>

<h2 id="features">Features</h2>
Proxmox VE is an open-source server virtualization platform to manage two virtualization technologies: <a href="/facts/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine/d6eSuTuK">Kernel-based Virtual Machine</a> (KVM) for virtual machines and <a href="/facts/LXC/gmfT31xS">LXC</a> for containers - with a single web-based interface.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
It also integrates out-of-the-box-tools for configuring high availability between servers, software-defined storage, networking, and disaster recovery.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
Proxmox VE supports <a href="/facts/Live_migration/YXXex7GV">live migration</a> for guest machines between nodes in the scope of a single cluster, which allows smooth migration without interrupting their services.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> Since PVE 7.3 there is an experimental feature for migration between unrelated nodes in different clusters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
To authenticate users to the web GUI, Proxmox can use its own internal authentication database, <a href="/facts/Pluggable_authentication_module/g8lhxyUk">PAM</a>, <a href="/facts/OpenID/Vpx5mbcV">OIDC</a>, <a href="/facts/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol/KgpfD8nR">LDAP</a> or <a href="/facts/Active_Directory/VWd9HhjU">Active Directory</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> Multi-factor authentication is also available using <a href="/facts/Time-based_one-time_password/C2SCYbGe">TOTP</a>, <a href="/facts/WebAuthn/Bu7IuVE7">WebAuthn</a>, or <a href="/facts/YubiKey/QJNSgCm4">YubiKey</a> OTP.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>
Since PVE 8.1 there is a full <a href="/facts/Software-defined_networking/MJGFxyoj">Software-Defined Network</a> (SDN) stack implemented and is compatible with <a href="/facts/Secure_Boot/w86VGmy2">Secure Boot</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>
Guest machine backups can be done using the included standalone vzdump tool.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> PVE can also be integrated with a separate <a href="/facts/Proxmox_Backup_Server/azbC7ayk">Proxmox Backup Server</a> (PBS) using a web GUI,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> or with the text-based Proxmox Backup Client application.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>
Since PVE 8, along with the standard GUI installer, there is a semi-graphic (<a href="/facts/Text-based_User_Interface/bngNtqIY">TUI</a>) installer integrated into the ISO image.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> From PVE 8.2 it is possible to make automatic scripted installations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>

<h3>High-Availability Cluster</h3>
Proxmox VE (PVE) can be clustered across multiple server nodes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>
Since version 2.0, Proxmox VE offers a <a href="/facts/High_availability/y3J8GnEo">high availability</a> option for clusters based on the <a href="/facts/Corosync_Cluster_Engine/XCdDvHJw">Corosync</a> communication stack. Starting from PVE 6.0, Corosync 3.x is in use (not compatible with earlier PVE versions). Individual virtual servers can be configured for high availability using the integrated HA manager.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> If a Proxmox node becomes unavailable or fails, the virtual machines can be automatically moved to another node and restarted.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> The database and <a href="/facts/Filesystem_in_Userspace/RnSLIf1H">FUSE</a>-based Proxmox Cluster file system (pmxcfs<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>) makes it possible to perform the configuration of each cluster node via the Corosync communication stack with <a href="/facts/SQLite/1PwYzIft">SQLite</a> engine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>
Another HA-related element in PVE is the distributed file system <a href="/facts/Ceph_(software)/EU6zMFbx">Ceph</a>, which can be used as a shared storage for guest machines.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>

<h3>Virtual Appliances</h3>
Proxmox VE has pre-packaged server <a href="/facts/Software_appliances/NDgUInv5">software appliances</a> which can be downloaded via the GUI.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Proxmox Virtual Environment.

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software/46DLmx6H">Comparison of platform virtualization software</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine/d6eSuTuK">Kernel-based Virtual Machine</a> (KVM)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/OVirt/XcQsz3RU">oVirt</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.proxmox.com/en/proxmox-virtual-environment/">Official website</a> </li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Simon M.C. Cheng (31 October 2014). Proxmox High Availability. Packt Publishing Ltd. pp. 41–. ISBN 978-1-78398-089-5. <a href="978-1-78398-089-5" target="_blank">978-1-78398-089-5</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Plura, Michael (July 2013). "Aus dem Nähkästchen". IX Magazin. 2013 (7). Heise Zeitschriften Verlag: 74–77. Retrieved July 20, 2015. <a href="http://www.heise.de/ix/inhalt/2013/07/74/" target="_blank">http://www.heise.de/ix/inhalt/2013/07/74/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Proxmox VE Kernel - Proxmox VE". pve.proxmox.com. Retrieved 2017-05-26. <a href="https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Proxmox_VE_Kernel" target="_blank">https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Proxmox_VE_Kernel</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Proxmox VE 4.0 with Linux Containers (LXC) and new HA Manager released". Proxmox. 11 December 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2015. <a href="http://proxmox.com/en/news/press-releases/proxmox-ve-4-0-released" target="_blank">http://proxmox.com/en/news/press-releases/proxmox-ve-4-0-released</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Ken Hess (July 11, 2011). "Proxmox: The Ultimate Hypervisor". ZDNet. Retrieved September 29, 2021. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/proxmox-the-ultimate-hypervisor/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/proxmox-the-ultimate-hypervisor/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Vervloesem, Koen. "Proxmox VE 2.0 review – A virtualization server for any situation", Linux User & Developer, 11 April 2012. Retrieved on 16 July 2015. <a href="http://www.linuxuser.co.uk/reviews/proxmox-ve-2-0-review-a-virtualization-server-for-any-situation" target="_blank">http://www.linuxuser.co.uk/reviews/proxmox-ve-2-0-review-a-virtualization-server-for-any-situation</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:8">"Proxmox Virtual Environment". Google Play. Proxmox Server Solutions GmbH. Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.proxmox.app.pve_flutter_frontend" target="_blank">https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.proxmox.app.pve_flutter_frontend</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Proxmox VE 1.5: combining KVM and OpenVZ". Linux Weekly News. Retrieved 2015-04-10. <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/375930/" target="_blank">https://lwn.net/Articles/375930/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Ken Hess (April 15, 2013). "Happy 5th birthday, Proxmox". ZDNet. Retrieved October 4, 2021. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/happy-5th-birthday-proxmox/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/happy-5th-birthday-proxmox/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Ken Hess (July 11, 2011). "Proxmox: The Ultimate Hypervisor". ZDNet. Retrieved September 29, 2021. <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/proxmox-the-ultimate-hypervisor/" target="_blank">https://www.zdnet.com/article/proxmox-the-ultimate-hypervisor/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Features". www.proxmox.com. Retrieved 2019-05-12. <a href="https://www.proxmox.com/en/proxmox-ve/features" target="_blank">https://www.proxmox.com/en/proxmox-ve/features</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Rajvanshi, Akash. "Proxmox 101". Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://medium.com/devops-dudes/proxmox-101-8204eb154cd5" target="_blank">https://medium.com/devops-dudes/proxmox-101-8204eb154cd5</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"How to migrate VM from one PVE cluster to another". Proxmox Forums. Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/how-to-migrate-vm-from-one-pve-cluster-to-another.68762/#post-516726" target="_blank">https://forum.proxmox.com/threads/how-to-migrate-vm-from-one-pve-cluster-to-another.68762/#post-516726</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Lee, Brandon. "Proxmox 8: New Features and Home Lab Upgrade Instructions". Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/06/proxmox-8-new-features-and-home-lab-upgrade-instructions/" target="_blank">https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/06/proxmox-8-new-features-and-home-lab-upgrade-instructions/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Lee, Brandon (2024-03-22). "First 10 Steps I do on Proxmox in 2024". Virtualization Howto. Retrieved 2024-03-28. <a href="https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2024/03/first-10-steps-i-do-on-proxmox-in-2024/" target="_blank">https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2024/03/first-10-steps-i-do-on-proxmox-in-2024/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Borisov, Bobby. "Proxmox VE 8.1 Introduces Secure Boot Compatibility". Linuxiac. Retrieved 3 December 2023. <a href="https://linuxiac.com/proxmox-ve-8-1-introduces-secure-boot-compatibility/" target="_blank">https://linuxiac.com/proxmox-ve-8-1-introduces-secure-boot-compatibility/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Backup of a running container with vzdump". OpenVZ Wiki. Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://wiki.openvz.org/Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump" target="_blank">https://wiki.openvz.org/Backup_of_a_running_container_with_vzdump</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"Getting Started With Proxmox Backup Server". Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://ostechnix.com/getting-started-with-proxmox-backup-server/" target="_blank">https://ostechnix.com/getting-started-with-proxmox-backup-server/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"How To Use Proxmox Backup Client To Backup Files In Linux". Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://ostechnix.com/use-proxmox-backup-client-to-backup-files/" target="_blank">https://ostechnix.com/use-proxmox-backup-client-to-backup-files/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Lee, Brandon. "Proxmox 8: New Features and Home Lab Upgrade Instructions". Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/06/proxmox-8-new-features-and-home-lab-upgrade-instructions/" target="_blank">https://www.virtualizationhowto.com/2023/06/proxmox-8-new-features-and-home-lab-upgrade-instructions/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Smith, Lyle. "Proxmox VE 8.2 Introduces VMware Import Wizard, Enhanced Backup Options, and Advanced GUI Features". StorageReview. Retrieved 24 April 2024. <a href="https://www.storagereview.com/news/proxmox-ve-8-2-introduces-vmware-import-wizard-enhanced-backup-options-and-advanced-gui-features" target="_blank">https://www.storagereview.com/news/proxmox-ve-8-2-introduces-vmware-import-wizard-enhanced-backup-options-and-advanced-gui-features</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Wasim Ahmedi (2014-07-14). Mastering Proxmox. Packt Publishing Ltd. pp. 99–. ISBN 978-1-78398-083-3. <a href="978-1-78398-083-3" target="_blank">978-1-78398-083-3</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"PVE HA Manager Source repository". Retrieved 2020-10-19. <a href="https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-ha-manager.git;a=summary" target="_blank">https://git.proxmox.com/?p=pve-ha-manager.git;a=summary</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:27">"Proxmox Cluster File System (pmxcfs)". Proxmox VE Administration Guide. Retrieved 15 November 2022. <a href="https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#chapter_pmxcfs" target="_blank">https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#chapter_pmxcfs</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Drilling, Thomas (May 2013). "Virtualization Control Room". Linux Pro Magazine. Linux New Media USA. Retrieved July 17, 2015. <a href="http://www.linux-magazine.com/Issues/2013/150/Proxmox-VE" target="_blank">http://www.linux-magazine.com/Issues/2013/150/Proxmox-VE</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Ladyzhenskyi, Pavel. "Setting up a Proxmox VE cluster with Ceph shared storage". Medium.com. Retrieved 12 November 2023. <a href="https://medium.com/@qwonkiwow/setting-up-a-proxmox-ve-cluster-with-ceph-shared-storage-e7a4f652f321" target="_blank">https://medium.com/@qwonkiwow/setting-up-a-proxmox-ve-cluster-with-ceph-shared-storage-e7a4f652f321</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

Proxmox Virtual Environment open-in-new

Proxmox Virtual Environment