Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Win4Lin
open-in-new
<h2 id="products-and-technology">Products and technology</h2> <p>In 2006, Win4Lin came in three different versions, depending on the virtualization requirements of the user.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Win4Lin 9x allowed the user to run a full copy of <a href="/facts/Windows_98/6qtq4oJm">Windows 98</a> or <a href="/facts/Windows_Me/fjENFRNa">Windows Me</a> inside a virtual machine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li>Win4Lin Home allowed users to only emulate applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li>Win4Lin Pro offered users the ability to install a fully virtualized <a href="/facts/Windows_2000/amJIt9gz">Windows 2000</a> or <a href="/facts/Windows_XP/IozrkAYS">Windows XP</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul> <p>The Win4Lin 9x/Pro (henceforth the only technology discussed in this section) operates by running Windows applications in a <a href="/facts/Virtual_machine/BLevU3sx">virtual machine</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Unlike <a href="/facts/Wine_(software)/JF0wHs7y">Wine</a> or <a href="/facts/CrossOver/a9u8qods">CrossOver</a> which are compatibility layers, virtualization-based software such as <a href="/facts/VMware/lKHGULx3">VMware</a> or Win4Lin require users to have a Windows license in order to run applications since they must install a full copy of Windows within the virtual machine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>Unlike <a href="/facts/VMware/lKHGULx3">VMware</a>, however, Win4Lin provides the virtual guest operating system with access to the native Linux filesystem, and allows the Linux host to access the guest's files even when the virtual machine is not running.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> In addition to the convenience this offers, <a href="/facts/Computerworld/fEvubHhX">Computerworld</a> found in their 2002 review that Win4Lin gained significant performance over VMware by using the native Linux filesystem, but also noted that this approach (unlike VMware's) limited the installation of only one version of Windows on a Win4Lin machine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>When the Win4Lin application starts it displays a window on the Linux desktop which contains the Windows desktop environment. Users can then install or run applications as they normally would from within Windows. Win4Lin supports Linux printers, internet connections, and Windows networking, but as of 2000<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Win4Lin&action=edit">[update]</a>, does not support DirectX and by extension most Windows games.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>They also offered Win4BSD for <a href="/facts/FreeBSD/RKsFTm7F">FreeBSD</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Win4Lin was initially based on <a href="/facts/Merge_(software)/jCWggnhl">Merge</a> software originally developed at <a href="/facts/Locus_Computing_Corporation/6wDJRGuj">Locus Computing Corporation</a>, and which changed hands several times until it ended in the assets of NeTraverse, which were purchased in 2005 by Win4Lin, Inc.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Later that year, they introduced Win4Lin Pro, which was based on a “tuned” version of <a href="/facts/QEMU/s6utqULJ">QEMU</a> and KQEMU, and it hosted <a href="/facts/Windows_NT/EtccWvxQ">Windows NT</a>-versions of Windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>In June 2006, Win4Lin released Win4Lin Virtual Desktop Server,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> later named Win4VDI based on the same code base. Win4VDI for Linux served Microsoft Windows desktops to thin clients from a Linux server.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> It was integrated into VERDE on March 9, 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p><p>Win4Lin, Inc. discontinued Win4Lin 9x on May 30, 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> The Win4Lin Pro Desktop product ceased to be supported in March 2010. </p> Win4Lin version history<table><tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Product line</th><th>Release date</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin 1.0</td><td>Win4Lin 9x</td><td>March/April 2000</td><td>Initial version. Support for <a href="/facts/Windows_95/1E1L93qC">Windows 95</a> and <a href="/facts/Windows_98/6qtq4oJm">98</a> installed directly to the Linux partition, file and printer sharing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Desktop 2.0</td><td>Win4Lin 9x</td><td>December 5, 2000</td><td><a href="/facts/Symmetric_multiprocessing/T9CahUsN">SMP</a> and audio support, European editions of Windows 95 and 98 installable.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>NeTraverse Server Standard Edition 1.0</td><td>Win4Lin 9x Terminal Server</td><td>April 17, 2001</td><td><a href="/facts/Client-server/FSnf27C5">Client-server</a> version of Win4Lin Desktop 2.0, allowing computers to use Windows applications running on a server.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin 3.0</td><td>Win4Lin 9x</td><td>May 28, 2001</td><td>Linux 2.4 and networking support, new graphical installer, built-in updater.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>NeTraverse Server Standard Edition 1.1</td><td>Win4Lin 9x Terminal Server</td><td>July 11, 2001</td><td>Update of NeTraverse Server to Win4Lin 3.0.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Workstation 4.0</td><td>Win4Lin 9x</td><td>May 20, 2002</td><td>Support for English <a href="/facts/Windows_Me/fjENFRNa">Windows Me</a>, Asian versions of <a href="/facts/Windows_98_SE/6qtq4oJm">Windows 98 SE</a> and mouse scroll wheel.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Terminal Server 2.0</td><td>Win4Lin 9x Terminal Server</td><td>July 23, 2002</td><td>Update of NeTraverse Server to Win4Lin Workstation 4.0.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Workstation Edition 5.0</td><td>Win4Lin 9x</td><td>May 20, 2003</td><td>Support for French, Italian, German and Spanish versions of Windows Me, basic 2D <a href="/facts/DirectX/jyy75wVN">DirectX</a> applications, <a href="/facts/Winsock_2/lJxCA6sc">Winsock 2</a>, <a href="/facts/ARts/c0dVuvdG">aRts</a> multimedia system, as well as for being a <a href="/facts/NetWare/cfnyxMzs">NetWare</a> client.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Terminal Server 2.5</td><td>Win4Lin 9x Terminal Server</td><td>July 29, 2003</td><td>Upgrade of Terminal Server to Win4Lin Workstation Edition 5.0, with improved VNC support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Workstation Edition 5.1</td><td>Win4Lin 9x</td><td>December 11, 2003</td><td>Linux 2.6 support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Terminal Server 3.0</td><td>Win4Lin 9x Terminal Server</td><td>January 13, 2004</td><td>Upgrade of Terminal Server to Win4Lin Workstation Edition 5.1.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Home</td><td>Win4Lin 9x</td><td>January 29, 2005</td><td>Cut-down version of Win4Lin 9x 5.1.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> Discontinued on January 26, 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro 1.0</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>February 23, 2005</td><td>QEMU-based solution. Supports <a href="/facts/Windows_2000/amJIt9gz">Windows 2000</a> and experimentally <a href="/facts/Windows_XP/IozrkAYS">XP</a>. No kernel module required.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro 1.1</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>May 2, 2005</td><td>Full support for Windows XP, full integration between Linux and Windows filesystems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro 2.0</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>September 1, 2005</td><td>Performance improvements, including 16-bit code, support for <a href="/facts/AMD64/cyWvUFlP">AMD64</a> CPUs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro Desktop 2.6</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>February 28, 2006</td><td>Sound support, execution and networking performance improvements.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro Desktop 3.0</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>May 30, 2006</td><td>Unattended installation dubbed One-Click-2-Windows, copy-on-write snapshots.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Virtual Desktop Server</td><td>WinVDI</td><td>June 13, 2006</td><td>Successor to Win4Lin Terminal Server, supporting Windows 2000 and XP. Server can be accessed using multiple protocols, including Win4Lin's client, <a href="/facts/VNC/xTmWVgV4">VNC</a> or <a href="/facts/NoMachine/60sQIeQg">NoMachine</a>. Clients can access either individual applications or desktops and print to printers connected to the client's computer. Windows installation can be reset while keeping the <a href="/facts/Documents_and_Settings/57ug578P">Documents and Settings</a> directory.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro Desktop 3.5</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>November 30, 2006</td><td>Support for variable-speed CPUs, pop-up menu for special key combinations, improved documentation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro Desktop 4.0</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>March 19, 2007</td><td>Shared clipboard between host and guest, enhanced graphics options for Windows XP guests, headless start, bridged networking support, better handling of non-English characters in filenames. A single license allows two concurrent user sessions at the same time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Virtual Desktop Server 4.5</td><td>WinVDI</td><td>October 25, 2007</td><td>Update of VDS to Win4Lin Pro Desktop 4.5.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro Desktop 4.5</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>November 8, 2007</td><td>Better audio support with <a href="/facts/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture/7c0rSyPv">ALSA</a> and <a href="/facts/EsounD/dwvXtpEK">EsounD</a>, remote audio playback. Seamless color printing, improved mouse handling. Support for Linux 2.6.22 and newer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Pro Desktop 5</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>May 15, 2008</td><td>New user interface, <a href="/facts/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine/d6eSuTuK">KVM</a> support, seamless guest windows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>WinVDI 5.0</td><td>WinVDI</td><td>August 8, 2008</td><td>Update of VDS to Win4Lin Pro Desktop 5.0. Remote printing support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Win4Lin Desktop 5.5</td><td>Win4Lin Pro</td><td>October/November 2008</td><td>Maintenance release.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="reception">Reception</h2> <p>Many users reported that the 9x version ran windows software at near-native speed, even on quite low-powered machines, such as Pentium-IIs. </p><p>Nicholas Petereley praised Win4Lin in two of his columns in the year 2000, for its significantly faster performance than its competitor <a href="/facts/VMware/lKHGULx3">VMware</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/X86_virtualization/utQwmdY3">x86 virtualization</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://archive09.linux.com/feature/139471">Win4Lin 5.0 makes big improvements</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux.com/RP2IuYql">Linux.com</a>, 2008</li> <li><a href="http://archive09.linux.com/articles/61606">Win4Lin Pro Desktop 4.0 lags behind free alternatives</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux.com/RP2IuYql">Linux.com</a>, 2007</li> <li><a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/9358">Break the Hardware Upgrade Cycle with Win4Lin Windows Virtual Desktop Server</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux_Journal/m7rosgex">Linux Journal</a>, 2007</li> <li><a href="http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/run-windows-linux,1271.html">Run Windows On Linux: Win4Lin Revisited</a> [Win4Lin Pro 3.0 review], <a href="/facts/Tom%2527s_Hardware/mmvt16oL">Tom's Hardware</a>, 2006</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090803143034/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/review/1014879/inquirer-helps-debug-win4lin-pro">INQUIRER helps debug Win4Lin Pro</a> [2.7], <a href="/facts/The_Inquirer/3BFvJBJz">The Inquirer</a>, 2006</li> <li><a href="http://opensource.sys-con.com/node/219877">Product Review — Running Windows on Linux</a>, Win4Lin 2.7 vs. VMware Workstation 5.5.1., <i>Open Source Magazine</i>, 2006</li> <li><a href="http://archive09.linux.com/articles/49496">Review: Win4Lin Pro</a> [2.0], <a href="/facts/Linux.com/RP2IuYql">Linux.com</a>, 2005</li> <li><a href="http://www.osnews.com/story/6384">A Look at Win4Lin 5.1</a>, <a href="/facts/OSNews/3unFthQ4">OSNews</a>, 2004</li> <li><a href="http://www.osnews.com/story/1112">Review of Win4Lin 4.0</a>, <a href="/facts/OSNews/3unFthQ4">OSNews</a>, 2002</li> <li><a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/4707">VMware Express 2.0 and Win4Lin 2.0: A Comparison Review</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux_Journal/m7rosgex">Linux Journal</a>, 2001</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Hsiao, Aron (July 7, 2005). Sams teach yourself Red Hat Fedora 4 Linux: all in one. SAMS Publishing. p. 678. ISBN 9780672327070. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="9780672327070" target="_blank">9780672327070</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"TreLOS - Win4Lin FAQ's". TreLOS. Archived from the original on March 8, 2000. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000308021442/http://trelos.com/win4lin_faqs.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20000308021442/http://trelos.com/win4lin_faqs.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>McCallister, Michael (2006). Suse Linux 10: Unleashed. SAMS Publishing. pp. 191–192. ISBN 9780672327261. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="9780672327261" target="_blank">9780672327261</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>McCallister, Michael (2006). Suse Linux 10: Unleashed. SAMS Publishing. pp. 191–192. ISBN 9780672327261. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="9780672327261" target="_blank">9780672327261</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>McCallister, Michael (2006). Suse Linux 10: Unleashed. SAMS Publishing. pp. 191–192. ISBN 9780672327261. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="9780672327261" target="_blank">9780672327261</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>McCallister, Michael (2006). Suse Linux 10: Unleashed. SAMS Publishing. pp. 191–192. ISBN 9780672327261. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="9780672327261" target="_blank">9780672327261</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hsiao, Aron (July 7, 2005). Sams teach yourself Red Hat Fedora 4 Linux: all in one. SAMS Publishing. p. 678. ISBN 9780672327070. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="9780672327070" target="_blank">9780672327070</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Bushong, Charles (April 4, 2002). "Windows Emulators for Linux: VMware, Win4Lin Face Off". Computerworld. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100324095653/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/69849/Windows_Emulators_for_Linux_VMware_Win4Lin_Face_Off" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20100324095653/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/69849/Windows_Emulators_for_Linux_VMware_Win4Lin_Face_Off</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Hsiao, Aron (July 7, 2005). Sams teach yourself Red Hat Fedora 4 Linux: all in one. SAMS Publishing. p. 678. ISBN 9780672327070. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="9780672327070" target="_blank">9780672327070</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Bushong, Charles (April 4, 2002). "Windows Emulators for Linux: VMware, Win4Lin Face Off". Computerworld. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100324095653/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/69849/Windows_Emulators_for_Linux_VMware_Win4Lin_Face_Off" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20100324095653/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/69849/Windows_Emulators_for_Linux_VMware_Win4Lin_Face_Off</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Bushong, Charles (April 4, 2002). "Windows Emulators for Linux: VMware, Win4Lin Face Off". Computerworld. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100324095653/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/69849/Windows_Emulators_for_Linux_VMware_Win4Lin_Face_Off" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20100324095653/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/69849/Windows_Emulators_for_Linux_VMware_Win4Lin_Face_Off</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Petreley, Nicholas (November 20, 2000). "Get Win4Lin and Windows users won't feel disenfranchised under Linux". InfoWorld. Vol. 22, no. 47. p. 66. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vDgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=vDgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"win4bsd FreeBSD". The FreeBSD Ports Archive. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215084833/http://www.freebsdsoftware.org/emulators/win4bsd.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170215084833/http://www.freebsdsoftware.org/emulators/win4bsd.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Win4Lin Ships Lightweight Low Cost Product Version" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. January 29, 2005. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via LinuxPR. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126173229/http://linuxpr.com/releases/7530.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101126173229/http://linuxpr.com/releases/7530.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>O'Gara, Maureen (February 25, 2005). "So You Want To Run Windows 2000 and Windows XP Apps On Linux?". Open Source Magazine. Archived from the original on May 4, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170504204652/http://opensource.sys-con.com/node/48377" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170504204652/http://opensource.sys-con.com/node/48377</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Win4Lin Delivers Windows 2000 and Windows XP on Linux" (Press release). Boston, MA, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. January 26, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via LWN.net. <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/124091/" target="_blank">https://lwn.net/Articles/124091/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"Win4Lin Announces Virtual Desktop Server Product" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. June 13, 2006. Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207044610/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/206/202/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20061207044610/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/206/202/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Virtual Bridges Announces Major Update to VDI Products" (Press release). Virtual Bridges, Inc. August 8, 2008. Archived from the original on February 19, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219104241/http://vbridges.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090219104241/http://vbridges.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=1</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Curtin, Jim (March 9, 2009). "Win4VDI becomes VERDE". Virtual Bridges, Inc. Archived from the original on August 3, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090803171914/http://vbridges.com/wp/?p=152" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20090803171914/http://vbridges.com/wp/?p=152</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Win4Lin Announces Version 3 Win4Lin Pro" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. May 30, 2006. Archived from the original on January 26, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070126053038/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/205/202/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070126053038/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/205/202/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Lawrence, Tony (April 2000). "WIN4LIN". A.P. Lawrence. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://aplawrence.com/Reviews/win4lin.html" target="_blank">https://aplawrence.com/Reviews/win4lin.html</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"Introducing Win4Lin". TreLOS, Inc. Archived from the original on May 10, 2000. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000510062824/http://www.trelos.com/trelos/Trelos/Products/Product_Information.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20000510062824/http://www.trelos.com/trelos/Trelos/Products/Product_Information.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Win4Lin Desktop Version 2.0 Now Available" (Press release). Research Triangle Park, NC, USA: NeTraverse Inc. December 5, 2000. Archived from the original on April 14, 2003. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030414003416/http://www.netraverse.com/company/press/press81.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20030414003416/http://www.netraverse.com/company/press/press81.php</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"NeTraverse announces the release of NeTraverse Server Standard Edition Version 1.0" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. April 17, 2001. Archived from the original on June 4, 2001. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010604125135/http://www.netraverse.com/company/press/press127.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20010604125135/http://www.netraverse.com/company/press/press127.php</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"NeTraverse announces availability of Win4Lin 3.0" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. May 28, 2001. Archived from the original on April 14, 2003. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030414002151/http://www.netraverse.com/company/press/press145.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20030414002151/http://www.netraverse.com/company/press/press145.php</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"NeTraverse Delivers Break-Through Thin-Client Computing Solution, Providing Alternative to MS Upgrades" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. April 17, 2001. Archived from the original on April 14, 2003. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030414001915/http://www.netraverse.com/company/press/press152.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20030414001915/http://www.netraverse.com/company/press/press152.php</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"NeTraverse Announces Win4Lin Workstation Version 4.0" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. May 20, 2002. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via Linux.com. <a href="https://www.linux.com/news/netaverse-releases-win4lin-workstation-version-4/" target="_blank">https://www.linux.com/news/netaverse-releases-win4lin-workstation-version-4/</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"NeTraverse Releases Win4Lin Terminal Server 2.0" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. July 23, 2002. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via Linux.com. <a href="https://www.linux.com/news/netraverse-releases-win4lin-terminal-server-version-20/" target="_blank">https://www.linux.com/news/netraverse-releases-win4lin-terminal-server-version-20/</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>"Win4Lin Workstation Edition 5.0 Extends Ability to Bridge Windows Users to Linux" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. May 20, 2003. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via LWN.net. <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/33520/" target="_blank">https://lwn.net/Articles/33520/</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>"NeTraverse Releases Newest Version of Win4Lin Terminal Server" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. July 29, 2003. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via Linux.com. <a href="https://www.linux.com/news/linux-alternative-citrix-helps-migrate-users-windows-linux/" target="_blank">https://www.linux.com/news/linux-alternative-citrix-helps-migrate-users-windows-linux/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>E-mail sent to NeTraverse Community Members on December 11, 2003 <a href="https://www.linuxforen.de/forums/showthread.php?115383-Win4Lin-Update-5-1-als-Datei" target="_blank">https://www.linuxforen.de/forums/showthread.php?115383-Win4Lin-Update-5-1-als-Datei</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>"NeTraverse Significantly Enhances Win4Lin Terminal Server with 3.0 Release" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. January 13, 2004. Retrieved February 6, 2025 – via Linux.com. <a href="https://www.linux.com/news/netraverse-significantly-enhances-win4lin-terminal/" target="_blank">https://www.linux.com/news/netraverse-significantly-enhances-win4lin-terminal/</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>"Win4Lin Ships Lightweight Low Cost Product Version" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. January 29, 2005. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via LinuxPR. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101126173229/http://linuxpr.com/releases/7530.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101126173229/http://linuxpr.com/releases/7530.html</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"Win4Lin offers new support for Windows 9X products" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: NeTraverse Inc. July 23, 2002. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via Linux.com. <a href="https://www.linux.com/news/win4lin-offers-new-support-windows-9x-products/" target="_blank">https://www.linux.com/news/win4lin-offers-new-support-windows-9x-products/</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>"Win4Lin Delivers Windows 2000 and Windows XP on Linux" (Press release). Boston, MA, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. January 26, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via LWN.net. <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/124091/" target="_blank">https://lwn.net/Articles/124091/</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>"Win4Lin Pro™ Updated for Full Windows XP Support and Blazing Fast Performance" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. May 2, 2005. Retrieved February 4, 2025 – via LWN.net. <a href="https://lwn.net/Articles/134319/" target="_blank">https://lwn.net/Articles/134319/</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>"Win4Lin Introduces Major Upgrade to Flagship Product" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. September 1, 2005. Archived from the original on March 17, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060317044320/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/190/202/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060317044320/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/190/202/</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>"Win4Lin Introduces Major Upgrade to Flagship Product" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. February 28, 2006. Archived from the original on March 17, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060317042458/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/198/202/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060317042458/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/198/202/</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>"Win4Lin Announces Version 3 Win4Lin Pro" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. May 30, 2006. Archived from the original on January 26, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070126053038/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/205/202/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070126053038/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/205/202/</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>"Win4Lin Announces Virtual Desktop Server Product" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Win4Lin, Inc. June 13, 2006. Archived from the original on December 7, 2006. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207044610/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/206/202/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20061207044610/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/206/202/</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>"Virtual Bridges Announces Major Update of Win4Lin Pro Product" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Virtual Bridges, Inc. November 30, 2006. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070202170638/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/215/202/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070202170638/http://www.win4lin.com/content/view/215/202/</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>"Virtual Bridges Announces Major Update of Win4Lin Pro Product" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Virtual Bridges, Inc. March 19, 2007. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613052828/http://www.win4lin.com/index.php/content/view/218/202/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070613052828/http://www.win4lin.com/index.php/content/view/218/202/</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>"Virtual Bridges Announces Major Update of Virtual Desktop Server (VDS) Product" (Press release). Austin, TX, USA: Virtual Bridges, Inc. October 25, 2007. Archived from the original on January 2, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102002354/http://vbridges.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21&Itemid=1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090102002354/http://vbridges.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21&Itemid=1</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>"Virtual Bridges Announces Major Upgrade of Win4 Pro Desktop Products" (Press release). Virtual Bridges, Inc. November 8, 2007. Archived from the original on May 2, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502000724/http://win4lin.net/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080502000724/http://win4lin.net/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=1</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>"Brand New Win4Lin and Win4Solaris Desktop 5 Released - Special Ubuntu Pricing $29.99". Virtual Bridges, Inc. May 15, 2008. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218080539/http://vbridges.com/wp/#post-13" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20081218080539/http://vbridges.com/wp/#post-13</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>"Virtual Bridges Announces Win4Lin Desktop 5" (Press release). Virtual Bridges, Inc. May 15, 2008. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081219174743/http://vbridges.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20081219174743/http://vbridges.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=1</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>"Virtual Bridges Announces Major Update to VDI Products" (Press release). Virtual Bridges, Inc. August 8, 2008. Archived from the original on February 19, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219104241/http://vbridges.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=1" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090219104241/http://vbridges.com/content/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=1</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>"Win4lin - The Best Way to Run Windows on Linux". Virtual Bridges, Inc. Archived from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20081120180007/http://win4lin.net/content/index.php" target="_blank">http://web.archive.org/web/20081120180007/http://win4lin.net/content/index.php</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>Reiter, Leo. "Win4Lin Pro 5.5 Update: Debian 5.0 Support, and More". Virtual Bridges, Inc. Archived from the original on February 24, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224141520/http://vbridges.com/wp/?p=134" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090224141520/http://vbridges.com/wp/?p=134</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>Petreley, Nicholas (November 20, 2000). "Get Win4Lin and Windows users won't feel disenfranchised under Linux". InfoWorld. Vol. 22, no. 47. p. 66. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vDgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=vDgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>Petreley, Nicholas (December 11, 2000). "Am I the only one who doesn't know why to use VMware?". InfoWorld. Vol. 22, no. 50. p. 60. Retrieved February 4, 2025. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vzgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=vzgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>