Transceiver

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

<p>The transceiver first appeared in the 1920s. Before then, receivers and transmitters were manufactured separately and devices that wanted to receive and transmit data required both components. Almost all amateur radio equipment today[<i>when?</i>] uses transceivers, but there is an active market for pure radio receivers, which are mainly used by <a href="/facts/Shortwave_listening/peost70X">shortwave listening</a> operators.
</p>
<h3>Analog</h3>
<p>Analog transceivers use <a href="/facts/Frequency_modulation/qIExDdtv">frequency modulation</a> to send and receive data. Although this technique limits the complexity of the data that can be broadcast, analog transceivers operate very reliably and are used in many emergency communication systems. They are also cheaper than digital transceivers, which makes them popular with the <a href="/facts/Citizens_band_radio/tCSXXuTb">CB</a> and <a href="/facts/HAM_radio/cBsMyamV">HAM radio</a> communities.
</p>
<h3>Digital</h3>
<p>Digital transceivers send and receive <a href="/facts/Binary_data/PSFa5S2Q">binary data</a> over radio waves. This allows more types of data to be broadcast, including video and encrypted communication, which is commonly used by police and fire departments. Digital transmissions tend to be clearer and more detailed than their analog counterparts. Many modern wireless devices operate on digital transmissions.
</p>
<h2 id="usage">Usage</h2>
<h3>Telephony</h3>

<p>In a wired <a href="/facts/Telephone/P7uEgWQX">telephone</a>, the handset contains the transmitter (for speaking) and receiver (for listening).  Despite being able to transmit and receive data, the whole unit is colloquially referred to as a "receiver".  On a <a href="/facts/Mobile_telephone/H3EcqD9h">mobile telephone</a> or other <a href="/facts/Radiotelephone/MuDe82Uh">radiotelephone</a>, the entire unit is a transceiver for both audio and radio.
</p><p>A <a href="/facts/Cordless_telephone/Y6PEsMk7">cordless telephone</a> uses an audio and radio transceiver for the handset, and a radio transceiver for the <a href="/facts/Base_station/TxDxnoDe">base station</a>. If a <a href="/facts/Speakerphone/u5EvTPuQ">speakerphone</a> is included in a wired telephone base or in a cordless base station, the base also becomes an audio transceiver.
</p><p>A <a href="/facts/Modem/9H0Xwtq0">modem</a> is similar to a transceiver in that it sends and receives a signal, but a modem uses modulation and demodulation. It modulates the signal being transmitted and demodulates the signal being received.
</p>
<h3>Ethernet</h3>

<p>Transceivers are called <a href="/facts/Transmission_medium/yT1uXLmq">Medium</a> Attachment Units (<a href="/facts/Medium_Attachment_Unit/UHdofDhY">MAUs</a>) in <a href="/facts/IEEE_802.3/Q9jxNSNT">IEEE 802.3</a> documents and were widely used in <a href="/facts/10BASE2/FfgUgSUz">10BASE2</a> and <a href="/facts/10BASE5/vxgB15fH">10BASE5</a> <a href="/facts/Ethernet/nMfhU8tU">Ethernet</a> networks. <a href="/facts/Fiber-optic/5ruuIFbj">Fiber-optic</a> <a href="/facts/Gigabit_Ethernet/1ItIoV2w">gigabit</a>, <a href="/facts/10_Gigabit_Ethernet/FvxUohpf">10 Gigabit Ethernet</a>, <a href="/facts/40_Gigabit_Ethernet/DRV0aeNu">40 Gigabit Ethernet</a>, and <a href="/facts/100_Gigabit_Ethernet/DRV0aeNu">100 Gigabit Ethernet</a> utilize <a href="/facts/GBIC/x4oAvlDA">GBIC</a>, <a href="/facts/SFP_transceiver/bp1RTekJ">SFP</a>, <a href="/facts/SFP%2B/bp1RTekJ">SFP+</a>, <a href="/facts/QSFP/bp1RTekJ">QSFP</a>, <a href="/facts/XFP/743mGJ3o">XFP</a>, <a href="/facts/XAUI/9wyTc2Yl">XAUI</a>, <a href="/facts/CXP_(connector)/PpJGx8mb">CXP</a>, and <a href="/facts/C_form-factor_pluggable/FkLQRrqR">CFP</a> transceiver systems.
</p>
<h2 id="regulation">Regulation</h2>
<p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Federal_Communications_Commission/Ueghz8W0">Federal Communications Commission</a></p>
<p>Because transceivers are capable of broadcasting information over airwaves, they are required to adhere to various regulations.  In the United States, the <a href="/facts/Federal_Communications_Commission/Ueghz8W0">Federal Communications Commission</a> oversees their use.  Transceivers must meet certain standards and capabilities depending on their intended use, and manufacturers must comply with these requirements.  However, transceivers can be modified by users to violate FCC regulations.  For instance, they might be used to broadcast on a frequency or channel that they should not have access to.  For this reason, the FCC monitors not only the production but also the use of these devices.
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Electronics portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Two-way_radio/e6JKFtdo">Two-way radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/4P4C/M3BYRSFV">4P4C</a>, <a href="/facts/De_facto_standard/TRELHVwI">de facto standard</a> <a href="/facts/Electrical_connector/rJh0cHs6">connector</a> for telephone handsets</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Duplex_(telecommunications)/LCULeVxr">Duplex</a>, two-way communications capability</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Radar_beacon/LUBHAI8G">Radar beacon</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Transmitter/nFYghtKv">Transmitter</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Radio_transmitter_design/PUvwtAU1">Radio transmitter design</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Radio_receiver/5olDTxkg">Radio receiver</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Radio_receiver_design/lmnQxV8a">Radio receiver design</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Transponder/cmqcWPwE">Transponder</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>Rutledge, D. (1999). <i>The electronics of radio</i>. Cambridge [England]; New York: Cambridge University Press.</li>
<li>Reinhart, R. C. K. (2004). <i>Reconfigurable transceiver and software-defined radio architecture and technology evaluated for NASA space communications</i>. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20050215177</li>
<li><i>Govinfo</i>. (n.d.). Retrieved February 29, 2020, from https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2010-title47-vol1/CFR-2010-title47-vol1-sec2-926</li>
<li>Haring, K. (2007). <i>Ham radio's technical culture</i> (Inside technology). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.</li>
<li> This article incorporates <a href="/facts/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States/Q1jvr96g">public domain material</a> from <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122224547/https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm"><i>Federal Standard 1037C</i></a>. <a href="/facts/General_Services_Administration/Np3opv9x">General Services Administration</a>. Archived from <a href="https://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm">the original</a> on 2022-01-22. (in support of <a href="/facts/MIL-STD-188/D5rsvdsW">MIL-STD-188</a>).</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Look up <i>transceiver</i> or <i>handset</i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i>Transceivers</i> and <i>Radio transceivers</i>.

<ul><li><i><a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US716136">U.S. patent 0,716,136</a></i>, <a href="/facts/John_Stone_Stone/CBsBpfPB">John Stone Stone</a>, "Apparatus for simultaneously transmitting and receiving space telegraph signals"</li>
<li><a href="http://hamradio.co.in/tcvr/index.php">7 MHz SSB transceiver</a></li></ul>

Transceiver open-in-new

Transceiver