FASTSAT

<h2 id="spacecraft-description">Spacecraft description</h2>
<p>The satellite was designed, developed and tested over a period of 14 months at NASA's <a href="/facts/Marshall_Space_Flight_Center/Q5XqseqT">Marshall Space Flight Center</a> in <a href="/facts/Huntsville%2c_Alabama/Rdu00gpd">Huntsville, Alabama</a>, in partnership with the <a href="/facts/Von_Braun_Center_for_Science_%2526_Innovation/f2mxqGQE">Von Braun Center for Science & Innovation</a> and <a href="/facts/Dynetics/tcHKknDN">Dynetics</a>, both of Huntsville, and the <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Defense/dWAvf7e3">Department of Defense</a>'s <a href="/facts/Space_Test_Program/2El3p9sv">Space Test Program</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
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<h2 id="instruments">Instruments</h2>
<p>FASTSAT HSV-01, a microsatellite <a href="/facts/Satellite_bus/UMlFYAUY">satellite bus</a> that carried six experiment payloads to <a href="/facts/Low_Earth_orbit/rq1TwayJ">low Earth orbit</a>. There were six experiments (3 NASA, 3 DoD), including:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
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<ul><li><a href="/facts/NanoSail-D/0awEA5n7">NanoSail-D</a>, is designed to demonstrate deployment of a compact solar sail boom system that could lead to further development of this alternate propulsion technology and FASTSAT's ability to eject a nanosatellite from a microsatellite - while avoiding re-contact with the FASTSAT satellite bus. NanoSail-D, managed by the <a href="/facts/Marshall_Space_Flight_Center/Q5XqseqT">Marshall Space Flight Center</a>, was the first NASA solar sail deployed in low Earth orbit. It was designed and built by NASA engineers at Marshall in collaboration with the Nanosatellite Missions Office at NASA's <a href="/facts/Ames_Research_Center/DQUsdLam">Ames Research Center</a> in <a href="/facts/Moffett_Federal_Airfield/EoYDYqgm">Moffett Field</a>, <a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a>. This experiment is a combined effort between the <a href="/facts/United_States_Army_Space_and_Missile_Defense_Command/aQ1ybsJK">United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command</a> and the Von Braun Center for Science & Innovation, both located in Huntsville, <a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li></ul>
<ul><li>The other two technology experiments include the Threat Detection System and the Miniature Star Tracker, both managed by the <a href="/facts/Air_Force_Research_Laboratory/QGBMMKKa">Air Force Research Laboratory</a> (AFRL) at <a href="/facts/Kirtland_Air_Force_Base/srxERFso">Kirtland Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/facts/Albuquerque%2c_New_Mexico/SATmBfJb">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul>
<ul><li>Miniature Imager for Neutral Ionospheric Atoms and Magnetospheric Electrons (MINI-ME): a low energy neutral atom imager, was designed to detect neutral atoms formed in the plasma population around <a href="/facts/Earth/HLLmDfj0">Earth</a> to improve global space weather prediction. Low energy neutral atom imaging is a technique first pioneered at <a href="/facts/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center/WfoEKknM">Goddard Space Flight Center</a>, that allows scientists to observe remotely various trapped charged particle populations around Earth that would normally only be able to be observed in-situ – or exactly where an instrument is located. MINI-ME represents an improvement on the same kind of instrument, LENA, that flew on the <a href="/facts/IMAGE_(spacecraft)/fY9DudpT">IMAGE</a> mission about ten years ago. Measurements made by instruments like MINI-ME will enable more accurate prediction of space weather and a better understanding of plasma physics processes near Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul>
<ul><li>Plasma Impedance Spectrum Analyzer (PISA): PISA was designed to test a new approach to measuring the electron number density (number of electrons per cubic centimeter) in the ionosphere. PISA uses a wide-band, rapid-sampling "impedance probe" technique, which stimulates the plasma surrounding FASTSAT with a short antenna. This technique identifies natural resonance frequencies in the plasma (such as the "plasma frequency"), which are directly related to the electron number density, magnetic field strength, and electron temperature. This approach is similar to striking a bell and using the tones created to deduce how the bell is constructed. PISA demonstrated the accuracy of this technique, and provide measurements of small-scale structure in the plasma. These small scale structures are important because they tend to scatter radio waves transmitted by satellites at high altitudes such as GPS or communication satellites. A better understanding of when and where these structures form, and their extent, will help to improve forecasts of communication and navigation outages. PISA was built at Goddard Space Flight Center.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li></ul>
<ul><li>Thermospheric Temperature Imager (TTI): TTI was designed to provide the first global-scale measurements of temperature in the top-most region of <a href="/facts/Atmosphere_of_Earth/FV97Am25">Earth's atmosphere</a> or "<a href="/facts/Thermosphere/uhG50e2V">thermosphere</a>". The TTI is used to observe thermospheric temperature profiles in the 90–260 km (56–162 mi) region. The temperature profile regulates the height of the atmosphere and controls the atmospheric density at orbital altitudes. Large increases in atmospheric density increase aerodynamic drag experienced by low altitude, Earth orbiting spacecraft leading to premature de-orbiting of the spacecraft.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li></ul>

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<li>Spaceflight portal</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li> Media related to FASTSAT at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"NASA's FASTSAT Satellite Readies for Shipment to Alaska". NASA. 29 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>"NASA's FASTSAT Satellite Readies for Shipment to Alaska". NASA. 29 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>"NASA's FASTSAT Satellite Readies for Shipment to Alaska". NASA. 29 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>"NASA's FASTSAT Satellite Readies for Shipment to Alaska". NASA. 29 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>"NASA's FASTSAT Satellite Readies for Shipment to Alaska". NASA. 29 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211016075253/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/fastsat/fastsat_alaska.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Three FASTSAT Instruments Pass Tests Archived 24 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/features/2010/fastsat-instruments.html" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/features/2010/fastsat-instruments.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Three FASTSAT Instruments Pass Tests Archived 24 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/features/2010/fastsat-instruments.html" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/features/2010/fastsat-instruments.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>Three FASTSAT Instruments Pass Tests Archived 24 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/features/2010/fastsat-instruments.html" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/features/2010/fastsat-instruments.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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FASTSAT open-in-new

FASTSAT