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1885 in architecture
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<h2 id="events">Events</h2> <ul><li>May – The original wooden structures of <a href="/facts/Hobson_Block/S2ahvHDB">Hobson Block</a>, West Union, Iowa, USA, are destroyed by fire, leading to construction of the present building.</li> <li><a href="/facts/W._D._Caroe/DDwg3xBY">W. D. Caröe</a> is appointed architect to the <a href="/facts/Ecclesiastical_Commissioners/H3Gy4dcD">Ecclesiastical Commissioners</a> for <a href="/facts/England/U9mE5bGL">England</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li>Construction of the <a href="/facts/Altare_della_Patria/73TDRrQc">Altare della Patria</a> (<i>Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II</i>) in Rome, designed by <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Sacconi/GqwHrVru">Giuseppe Sacconi</a>, begins; it will not be completed until <a href="/facts/1925_in_architecture/Kfq7dmDU">1925</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="buildings-and-structures">Buildings and structures</h2> <h3>Buildings opened</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/July_13/sGyISgoP">July 13</a> – New building for the <a href="/facts/Rijksmuseum/ejzMsloM">Rijksmuseum</a> in <a href="/facts/Amsterdam/Xdd393bz">Amsterdam</a>, designed by <a href="/facts/Pierre_Cuypers/KH05HbAJ">Pierre Cuypers</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/November_30/bxhWS29d">November 30</a> – <a href="/facts/London_Pavilion/dEXwVuul">London Pavilion</a> variety theatre, designed by <a href="/facts/Robert_Worley_(architect)/WvT2I9jL">Robert Worley</a> and <a href="/facts/James_Ebenezer_Saunders/Nrl6HgJj">James Ebenezer Saunders</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_27/dl1DKXF7">December 27</a> – Church of <a href="/facts/St._Peter,_Leipzig/6E06WzXv">St. Peter, Leipzig</a>, designed by <a href="/facts/August_Hartel/6oCbw39w">August Hartel</a> and <a href="/facts/Constantin_Lipsius/YKGMCn1N">Constantin Lipsius</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Castle_Hotel,_Conwy/PNEVPp43">Castle Hotel, Conwy</a>, <a href="/facts/Wales/xa3W6PHH">Wales</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Church_of_Saint_Anthony_of_Padua,_Busova%C4%8Da/rCMtKgQF">Church of Saint Anthony of Padua, Busovača</a>, Bosnia-Herzegovina.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vestermarie_Church/lUq3lqBT">Vestermarie Church</a>, Bornholm, Denmark.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Corinthia_Hotel_London/8EcnK1h2">Metropole Hotel, London</a>, designed by <a href="/facts/Francis_Fowler_(architect)/3a1CHmLY">Francis Fowler</a> and James Ebenezer Saunders.</li></ul> <h3>Buildings completed</h3> <ul><li>Autumn – The <a href="/facts/Home_Insurance_Building/RYG5lG1I">Home Insurance Building</a> in <a href="/facts/Chicago,_Illinois/yPMokrXH">Chicago, Illinois</a>, designed by <a href="/facts/William_Le_Baron_Jenney/xwl9wgj2">William Le Baron Jenney</a>. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first <a href="/facts/Skyscraper/5nM0naVB">skyscraper</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)/8ctQbVsr">Academy of Athens</a> (Greece), designed by <a href="/facts/Theophil_Hansen/bFvrhJ7d">Theophil Hansen</a> in <a href="/facts/1859_in_architecture/xHVqjBh4">1859</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Holloway_Sanatorium/mNz9KuqC">Holloway Sanatorium</a> near <a href="/facts/Virginia_Water/6R6kyr9P">Virginia Water</a> in England, designed by <a href="/facts/William_Henry_Crossland/Gz017dM5">William Henry Crossland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sway,_Hampshire/KQaWYfSG">Sway Tower</a> in <a href="/facts/Hampshire/omDltCzr">Hampshire</a>, England, designed by <a href="/facts/Andrew_Thomas_Turton_Peterson/YjhIVEVt">Andrew Peterson</a> using concrete made with <a href="/facts/Portland_cement/kPj8EjnP">Portland cement</a>. It remains the world's tallest non-reinforced concrete structure.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li>House for <a href="/facts/Kate_Greenaway/e3boHxkV">Kate Greenaway</a>, <a href="/facts/Frognal/oInRgz5k">Frognal</a>, London, designed by <a href="/facts/Richard_Norman_Shaw/g7NMD4Do">Richard Norman Shaw</a>.</li> <li>Elmside (house), <a href="/facts/Grange_Road,_Cambridge/bBFGB8wk">Grange Road, Cambridge</a>, England, designed by <a href="/facts/Edward_Schroeder_Prior/r9GglsQ4">Edward Prior</a>.</li> <li>Rebuilt <a href="/facts/Framingham_Railroad_Station/rETYqJP0">Framingham Railroad Station</a> in <a href="/facts/Framingham,_Massachusetts/K6Cf93qq">Framingham, Massachusetts</a>, designed by <a href="/facts/H._H._Richardson/lc8zAy82">H. H. Richardson</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="awards">Awards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects/grdupR5D">RIBA</a> <a href="/facts/Royal_Gold_Medal/xhPS9zJU">Royal Gold Medal</a> – <a href="/facts/Heinrich_Schliemann/xpTGN1TS">Heinrich Schliemann</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Grand_Prix_de_Rome/edb3ht9K">Grand Prix de Rome</a>, architecture: François Paul André.</li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/February_23/48mx1RVz">February 23</a> – <a href="/facts/Yoshikazu_Uchida/dB1oG3Bk">Yoshikazu Uchida</a>, Japanese architect and structural engineer (died <a href="/facts/1972_in_architecture/V8JshqUg">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_13/sGyISgoP">July 13</a> – <a href="/facts/Adolf_Behne/YDJ6077d">Adolf Behne</a>, German art historian, architectural writer and leader of the Avant Garde movement (died <a href="/facts/1948_in_architecture/HHVGQoJ2">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_15/mPfeUQQy">July 15</a> – <a href="/facts/Josef_Frank_(architect)/JsXweQGw">Josef Frank</a>, Austrian-born architect and designer (died <a href="/facts/1967_in_architecture/cQ8RAql8">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_29/DmHsLUFu">July 29</a> – <a href="/facts/Sigurd_Lewerentz/clhUNNCE">Sigurd Lewerentz</a>, Swedish architect and furniture designer (died <a href="/facts/1975_in_architecture/XPbYnTar">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_13/2lF5GAtt">August 13</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Howard_Crane/NgK1b2IC">Charles Howard Crane</a>, American architect (died <a href="/facts/1952_in_architecture/Pbj6Bzsb">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_30/MwxqAhmK">August 30</a> – <a href="/facts/Paul_G%C3%B6sch/6aI6RW1r">Paul Gösch</a>, German Expressionist artist, architect, lithographer and designer (died <a href="/facts/1940_in_architecture/IlYmGr4y">1940</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/September_22/YtClwxAE">September 22</a> – <a href="/facts/Gunnar_Asplund/PEHp1a85">Gunnar Asplund</a>, Swedish "Nordic Classicist" architect (died <a href="/facts/1940_in_architecture/IlYmGr4y">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_5/qEN5wMzt">December 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Ernest_Cormier/6XFLPUXS">Ernest Cormier</a>, Canadian engineer and architect (died <a href="/facts/1980_in_architecture/RD8tT29V">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_17/XUw2Jewn">December 17</a> – <a href="/facts/Wells_Coates/hbRBDeAp">Wells Coates</a>, Canadian architect, designer and writer (died <a href="/facts/1958_in_architecture/sI1Fc33k">1958</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_28/otPRvgED">December 28</a> – <a href="/facts/Vladimir_Tatlin/5GI70VQI">Vladimir Tatlin</a>, Russian painter and architect (died <a href="/facts/1953_in_architecture/ISxq130m">1953</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/February_1/PWaVIqWB">February 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Henri_Dupuy_de_L%C3%B4me/eASJAxhT">Henri Dupuy de Lôme</a>, French naval architect (born <a href="/facts/1816_in_architecture/IKKvNAuX">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_9/t1F5wBxw">March 9</a> – <a href="/facts/Matthew_Ellison_Hadfield/GuYIUhW9">Matthew Ellison Hadfield</a>, English Victorian Gothic architect (born <a href="/facts/1812_in_architecture/NoaCA7Qz">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_22/Skm5fcCt">May 22</a> – <a href="/facts/Th%C3%A9odore_Ballu/VeB59RJf">Théodore Ballu</a>, French architect of public buildings (born <a href="/facts/1817_in_architecture/o7MlQv7z">1817</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_28/6vlFjVgA">May 28</a> – <a href="/facts/Horace_King_(architect)/k8T7eyPM">Horace King</a>, US architect, engineer, and bridge builder.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/June_14/lh9kkXn2">June 14</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Tinsley_(architect)/c7enGyA3">William Tinsley</a>, US-based Irish architect (born <a href="/facts/1804_in_architecture/vn6eMyEu">1804</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_1/K6a8b43b">August 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Leverton_Donaldson/LmRslFyQ">Thomas Leverton Donaldson</a>, British architect, co-founder and President of the Royal Institute of British Architects<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/August_24/mVIkGKN1">August 24</a> – <a href="/facts/Eduard_Riedel/yM6fwKYu">Eduard Riedel</a>, German architect and Bavarian government building officer (born <a href="/facts/1813_in_architecture/txM6IBnJ">1813</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_2/3vvRGBSn">September 2</a> – <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Bonavia/enbBUuUL">Giuseppe Bonavia</a>, Maltese architect (born <a href="/facts/1821_in_architecture/lrs19Cgd">1821</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_16/9NKJYenm">November 16</a> – <a href="/facts/Frederick_Ernst_Ruffini/cE2vtqrh">Frederick Ernst Ruffini</a>, US architect (born <a href="/facts/1851_in_architecture/Sh41JvEa">1851</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>MacAlister, Ian (2004). "Caröe, William Douglas (1857–1938)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32298. Retrieved 2012-07-05. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32298" target="_blank">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32298</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Stadhouderskade 42. Rijksmuseum (1876/85)". Monumenten en Archeologie in Amsterdam. City of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on February 9, 2007. Retrieved 2013-03-24. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070209104451/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070209104451/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Cadw, "Castle Hotel (3301)", National Historic Assets of Wales, retrieved 11 April 2019 <a href="/wiki/Cadw" target="_blank">/wiki/Cadw</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>(in Croatian)http://www.bosnasrebrena.ba/v2010/samostani-i-zupe/samostansko-podrucje-fojnica/busovaca.html Archived 2016-09-15 at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://www.bosnasrebrena.ba/v2010/samostani-i-zupe/samostansko-podrucje-fojnica/busovaca.html" target="_blank">http://www.bosnasrebrena.ba/v2010/samostani-i-zupe/samostansko-podrucje-fojnica/busovaca.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Home Insurance Building". SkyscraperPage. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-27. <a href="http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10370" target="_blank">http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10370</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>James, J. (1997). All about Sway Tower. Lymington: Lymington Museum Trust. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Trout, Edwin (October 2002). "Sway Tower: an early example of high-rise concrete construction". Concrete: 64–5. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Pehnt, Wolfgang (1973). Expressionist Architecture. Westport, CT: Praeger. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Selz, Peter (1957). German Expressionist Painting. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Lynton, Norbert (2009). Tatlin's Tower: Monument to Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-300-11130-9. <a href="978-0-300-11130-9" target="_blank">978-0-300-11130-9</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia, Horace King Historical Marker Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved November 3, 2007. <a href="http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gahistmarkers/horacekinghistmarker.htm" target="_blank">http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gahistmarkers/horacekinghistmarker.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessed 10 Feb 2014.[1] <a href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7806" target="_blank">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7806</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>