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Spatial planning
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<h2 id="spatial-planning-systems-in-europe">Spatial planning systems in Europe</h2> <p>Various compendia of spatial planning systems can be found. Below is a table showing some of the main sources, the countries covered and the date of publication. </p> <table><tbody><tr><td colspan="2"> Key to columns (left to right)</td></tr><tr><td> COMMIN</td><td><a href="/facts/Commin/5lhQp6Sn">COMmon MINdscapes</a></td></tr><tr><td> COST C11</td><td><a href="/facts/European_Cooperation_in_Science_and_Technology/26uAYHuk">COST</a> Action on Green Structures and Urban Planning</td></tr><tr><td> ESPON</td><td><a href="/facts/European_Observation_Network_for_Territorial_Development_and_Cohesion/F6oJ1qun">European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion</a> COMPASS project </td></tr><tr><td> DG-REGIO</td><td>European <a href="/facts/Directorate-General_for_Regional_Policy/RUMSH2fF">Directorate-General for Regional Policy</a></td></tr><tr><td> CEMAT</td><td>European <a href="/facts/Conference_of_Specialised_Ministers/N2jKW9zp">Conference of Ministers</a> responsible for Regional/Spatial Planning </td></tr><tr><td> ESTIA</td><td>European Space and Territorial Integration Alternative</td></tr><tr><td> ISOCARP</td><td><a href="/facts/International_Society_of_City_and_Regional_Planners/JvQFpsFJ">International Society of City and Regional Planners</a></td></tr><tr><td> MLIT</td><td>Japanese <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Land,_Infrastructure,_Transport_and_Tourism/KRyyTqvh">Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism</a></td></tr><tr><td> LEXALP</td><td>Legal Systems for Spatial Planning</td></tr><tr><td> RCEP</td><td><a href="/facts/Royal_Commission_on_Environmental_Pollution/pXJUlLFR">Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution</a></td></tr><tr><td> UNECE</td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Europe/lh6cCdqk">United Nations Economic Commission for Europe</a></td></tr><tr><td> VASAB</td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/">Vision and Strategies around the Baltic Sea</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><a href="http://www.commin.org">COMMIN</a></th><th><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/contents.htm">COST C11</a></th><th><a href="http://www.espon.eu">ESPON</a></th><th><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">DG-REGIO</a></th><th><a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/cemat/default_en.asp">CEMAT</a></th><th> ESTIA </th><th><a href="http://www.isocarp.org">ISOCARP</a></th><th> <a href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/en/index.html">MLIT</a> </th><th><a href="http://lexalp.eurac.edu">LEXALP</a></th><th> <a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110322143804/http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/23-planning/epcompap.htm">RCEP</a> </th><th><a href="http://www.unece.org">UNECE</a></th><th><a href="https://vasab.org/">VASAB</a></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Albania/8GP40BUD">Albania</a></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://estia.arch.auth.gr/estia/eng/vsplan">2000</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Armenia/t3GQx9sU">Armenia</a></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/CEMAT/Compendium/Compendium_en.asp">2006</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/publications/environment/epr/welcome.htm">2000</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://lexalp.eurac.edu">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Belarus/vweHwgob">Belarus</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://vasab.leontief.net/countries.phtml">2000</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgium</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/CEMAT/Compendium/Compendium_en.asp">2003</a></td><td><a href="http://estia.arch.auth.gr/estia/eng/vsplan">2000</a></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Cyprus/t9wL6lVK">Cyprus</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Czech_Republic/vJYLD66Q">Czech Republic</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Denmark/KVtykzsw">Denmark</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2019</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Estonia/PVjB16TI">Estonia</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2018</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Finland/G5Ak6T91">Finland</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td><a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/CEMAT/Compendium/Compendium_en.asp">2005</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2018</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a></th><td></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td><a href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/index_e.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://lexalp.eurac.edu">2008</a></td><td><a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110322143804/http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/23-planning/epcompap.htm">2000</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Georgia_(country)/ccBF8bBE">Georgia</a></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/publications/environment/epr/welcome.htm">2003</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td><a href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/index_e.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://lexalp.eurac.edu">2008</a></td><td><a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110322143804/http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/23-planning/epcompap.htm">2000</a></td><td></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2019</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB">Greece</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://estia.arch.auth.gr/estia/eng/vsplan">2000</a></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Hungary/YRedQLtI">Hungary</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://estia.arch.auth.gr/estia/eng/vsplan">2000</a></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Republic_of_Ireland/k8JzXVze">Rep. Ireland</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110322143804/http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/23-planning/epcompap.htm">2000</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italy</a></th><td></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://lexalp.eurac.edu">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Latvia/y2PSa8lx">Latvia</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/publications/environment/epr/welcome.htm">1998</a></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2018</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Lithuania/dApVjLWW">Lithuania</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/publications/environment/epr/welcome.htm">1998</a></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2018</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f">Luxembourg</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td><a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/CEMAT/Compendium/Compendium_en.asp">2006</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Malta/FsqM3M37">Malta</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Netherlands/y8xn5stT">Netherlands</a></th><td></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td><a href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/index_e.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110322143804/http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/23-planning/epcompap.htm">2000</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/North_Macedonia/YpfcC5DA">North Macedonia</a></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://estia.arch.auth.gr/estia/eng/vsplan">2000</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/publications/environment/epr/welcome.htm">2002</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Norway/wlDRKRTR">Norway</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://vasab.leontief.net/countries.phtml">2000</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Poland/eXJ7fd0D">Poland</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2018</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Portugal/lYzwDQ63">Portugal</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td><a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/CEMAT/Compendium/Compendium_en.asp">2004</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Romania/yolzk5cN">Romania</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://estia.arch.auth.gr/estia/eng/vsplan">2000</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/publications/environment/epr/welcome.htm">2001</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Russian_Federation/jfkCwyxn">Russian Federation</a> </th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2020</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Spatial_planning_in_Serbia/P6PE0hoI">Serbia</a></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://estia.arch.auth.gr/estia/eng/vsplan">2000</a></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/publications/environment/epr/welcome.htm">2007</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Slovakia/gmJwpwM3">Slovakia</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Slovenia/EcYU22W4">Slovenia</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/CEMAT/Compendium/Compendium_en.asp">2003</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://lexalp.eurac.edu">2008</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/publications/environment/epr/welcome.htm">1997</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a></th><td></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Sweden</a></th><td><a href="http://commin.org/en/planning-systems/national-planning-systems/nations.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110322143804/http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/23-planning/epcompap.htm">2000</a></td><td></td><td><a href="https://vasab.org/home/about/country-fiches/">2018</a></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Switzerland</a></th><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://lexalp.eurac.edu">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Turkey/KIYAWAs0">Turkey</a></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></th><td></td><td><a href="http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/wg2.htm">2005</a></td><td><a href="http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_ESPON2006Projects/Menu_PolicyImpactProjects/governance.html">2007</a></td><td><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/spatial_en.htm">1997</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><a href="http://www.isocarp.org/index.php?id=141">2008</a></td><td><a href="http://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/international/spw/index_e.html">2007</a></td><td></td><td><a href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110322143804/http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/23-planning/epcompap.htm">2000</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="european-spatial-planning">European spatial planning</h2> <p>In 1999, a document called the <a href="/facts/European_Spatial_Development_Perspective/hI3s3nWe">European Spatial Development Perspective</a> (ESDP) was signed by the ministers responsible for regional planning in the EU member states. Although the ESDP has no binding status, and the <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a> has no formal authority for spatial planning, the ESDP has influenced spatial planning policy in European regions and member states, and placed the coordination of EU sectoral policies on the political agenda. </p><p>At the European level, the term territorial cohesion is becoming more widely used and is for example mentioned in the draft EU Treaty (Constitution) as a shared competency of the European Union; it is also included in the <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Lisbon/3FH7QdtJ">Treaty of Lisbon</a>. The term was defined in a "scoping document" in Rotterdam in late 2004 and is being elaborated further using empirical data from the ESPON programme<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> in a document entitled "The Territorial State and Perspectives of the European Union".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> At the minister's conference in May 2007 in Leipzig, a political document called the "Territorial Agenda" was signed to continue the process begun in <a href="/facts/Rotterdam/p8LbhGmE">Rotterdam</a>, revised in May 2011 in <a href="/facts/G%C3%B6d%C3%B6ll%C5%91/YGyTBAhA">Gödöllő</a>. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Architecture/FccThs8G">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Comprehensive_planning/B39u6HfM">Comprehensive planning</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/European_Spatial_Development_Perspective/hI3s3nWe">European Spatial Development Perspective</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Geography/TRd1Toyo">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ISOCARP/JvQFpsFJ">ISOCARP</a> - International Society of City and Regional Planners</li> <li><a href="/facts/Landscape_architecture/sL6QUm2N">Landscape architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Land_use_planning/esnoshrS">Land use planning</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Location_theory/fPRH2MLT">Location theory</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Permeability_(spatial_and_transport_planning)/XGMWytgV">Permeability (spatial and transport planning)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Principles_of_Intelligent_Urbanism/RE0EXqN3">Principles of Intelligent Urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Regional_planning/ekKMfNP9">Regional planning</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spatial_Citizenship/MHvSnRt7">Spatial Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Territorial_spatial_planning/jEB5kLnB">Territorial spatial planning</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Unified_settlement_planning/MLYkqDhv">Unified settlement planning</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Urban_planning/dcuv8eTp">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Urban_sprawl/YCuJVsQG">Urban sprawl</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Andreas Faludi, Bas Waterhout, <i>The Making of the European Spatial Development Perspective</i>, London Routledge 2002. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-415-27264-3.</li> <li>Gerhard Larsson, Spatial Planning Systems in Western Europe - An Overview, Delft Univ Press (2006), <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-58603-656-0.</li> <li>Gerhard Larsson, Land management as Public Policy, University Press of America (2010), <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-7618-5248-3.</li> <li>UNECE, <i><a href="http://www.unece.org/press/pr2008/08env_p04e.htm">Spatial Planning - Key Instrument for Development and Effective Governance with Special Reference to Countries in Transition</a></i>, Report ECE/HBP/146, Geneva <a href="/facts/UNECE/lh6cCdqk">UNECE</a> 2008.</li> <li>Richard H. Williams, <i>European union spatial policy and planning</i>, London Chapman 1996. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-85396-305-6.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spatial planning. <ul><li><a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/CEMAT/Default_en.asp">CEMAT</a> - European Conference of Ministers responsible for Regional Planning</li> <li><a href="https://journals.polito.it/index.php/EJSD">EJSD</a> - European Journal of Spatial Development</li> <li><a href="http://www.espon.eu">ESPON</a> - European Observation Network on Territorial Development and Cohesion</li> <li><a href="http://www.planum.net">Planum</a> - The European Journal of Planning</li> <li><a href="http://www.vasab.org">VASAB</a> - Vision and Strategies around the Baltic Sea - Baltic Sea Region intergovernmental cooperation in spatial planning and development</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Ziafati Bafarasat, A., 2015. Reflections on the three schools of thought on strategic spatial planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 30(2), pp.132-148. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Van Assche, K., Beunen, R., Duineveld, M., & de Jong, H. (2013). Co-evolutions of planning and design: Risks and benefits of design perspectives in planning systems. Planning Theory, 12(2), 177-198. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Council of Europe". Council of Europe. Retrieved 2013-10-06. <a href="http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/cemat/versioncharte/default_EN.asp" target="_blank">http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/heritage/cemat/versioncharte/default_EN.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Allmendinger, P. (2009). Planning theory. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Van Assche, K., & Verschraegen, G. (2008). The limits of planning: Niklas Luhmann's systems theory and the analysis of planning and planning ambitions. Planning theory, 7(3), 263-283. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Gunder, M., & Hillier, J. (2009). Planning in ten words or less: A Lacanian entanglement with spatial planning. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. pp. 624. ISBN 9780415252256. <a href="9780415252256" target="_blank">9780415252256</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"espon.eu". espon.eu. Retrieved 2013-06-26. <a href="http://www.espon.eu" target="_blank">http://www.espon.eu</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Microsoft Word - TSP-First-Draft-as-of-260606.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-06-26. <a href="http://www.ccre.org/docs/territorial_state_and_perspectives.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.ccre.org/docs/territorial_state_and_perspectives.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>