Reserve Defence Forces

<h2 id="history-and-organisation">History and organisation</h2>

In 1997 a steering group was convened by the <a href="/facts/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Irish_Defence_Forces/HkXln47K">Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces</a> to conduct a special study on the restructuring of the Defence Forces Reserve. The report was completed in May 1999. The Reserve Defence Forces was established on 1 October 2005 in line with the recommendations of this report, and as part of a wider restructure of the Defence Forces from 2000 onwards.
An RDF Training Authority was established in the <a href="/facts/Defence_Forces_Training_Centre/mUJJHrCK">Defence Forces Training Centre</a> (DFTC) which co-ordinates and conducts reserve training.
The <a href="/facts/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)/U3sKqdUI">Minister for Defence</a> accepted the recommendations of a "Value for Money (VFM) Review of the Reserve Defence Force", published on 20 November 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>
The Steering Committee recommended an Army Reserve and Naval Service Reserve based on a total strength ceiling of 4,069 personnel, (3,869 personnel Army Reserve and 200 personnel Naval Service Reserve), subject to existing organisational structures being revised.
In order to provide sufficient paid training days to sustain this strength, the Steering Committee recommended the withdrawal of gratuities from members of the Reserve and a re-allocation of the budgetary provision for gratuities of €0.9 million to provide sufficient paid training days for members of the Reserve.
The key points are;

<ul><li>A new "Single Force" concept will see Army units having Reserve sub-units attached, rather than separate stand-alone Reserve units.</li>
<li>A geographic spread for the Reserve will be achieved between existing Permanent Defence Force locations and the retention of 16 external locations. This consolidation into an effective organisation will entail the amalgamation and closure of units throughout the country. Recruitment is also envisaged where this is necessary to achieve the numbers required in particular locations.</li>
<li>The strength of the Army Reserve and Naval Service Reserve was reduced from its previous establishment of 9,692 personnel to 4,069 personnel. This will be achieved through natural turnover. Implementation of the new organisational structures will require participation and flexibility from existing Reserve personnel.</li>
<li>The Naval Service Reserve will consist of 200 personnel and be based in four locations.</li>
<li>The number of Army personnel available to work full-time with the Army Reserve and Naval Service Reserve is being reduced from the current 261 Army personnel to 57 full-time Army personnel. Additional support will be provided from Army units.</li>
<li>Implementation of the re-organisation, including regulatory provision for the new Reserve organisation, will be progressed in tandem with the broader re-organisation of the Army. As with the Army, there will be an implementation process to achieve the transition from current structures to the new structures. In the intervening period, the military authorities will ensure the continuity of Reserve training.</li></ul>
The representative body for all ranks of the RDF is the <a href="/facts/Reserve_Defence_Forces_Representative_Association/tzHFYNJp">Reserve Defence Forces Representative Association</a> (RDFRA).

<h2 id="earlier-reserve-forces-lsf-ldf-fca">Earlier reserve forces: LSF, LDF, FCA</h2>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Army_Reserve_(Ireland)/N2gUbVIB">Army Reserve (Ireland)</a>
During <a href="/facts/The_Emergency_(Ireland)/bSLNku9j">The Emergency</a> (<a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">Second World War</a>), the civilian reserve was known as the Local Security Force, then as the Local Defence Force, which subsequently became translated into Irish as An Fórsa Cosanta Áitiúl (or FCA). The FCA persisted as such until 2005 until reorganised and renamed as above.

<h2 id="current-tasks">Current tasks</h2>

The roles of the Reserve are those assigned to the Defence Forces:

<ul><li>Defence against armed aggression</li>
<li>Aid to the Civil Power (ATCP)</li>
<li>Participation in Peace Support Operations</li>
<li>Fishery Protection</li>
<li>Other duties which may be assigned by Government.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a></li></ul>
Tasks are assigned to the Reserve to support the Defence Forces in fulfilling its roles. These include;

<ul><li>Augmentation/reinforcement of the PDF.</li>
<li>Provision of logistic support.</li>
<li>Provision of armed escorts.</li>
<li>Guard duty.</li>
<li>Augmentation of Naval Service on fishery protection patrols and overseas visits.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a></li>
<li>Port security, sighting reports, information-gathering.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a></li>
<li>Staffing of Military Posts during periods of PDF deployment.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Radiation_monitoring/whKjgMo9">Radiological Monitoring</a>.</li>
<li>Ceremonial duties at national and local events.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a></li></ul>
As well as to augment the Permanent Defence Forces in times of crisis or emergency, where Reservists are liable to be called up on permanent service within the state or outside it by the <a href="/facts/Minister_for_Defence_(Ireland)/U3sKqdUI">Minister for Defence</a> or <a href="/facts/Government_of_Ireland/7sCXlqex">Government of Ireland</a> in accordance with the <a href="/facts/Defence_Act/AqYwnVJE">Defence Acts</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
Naval Service Reserve personnel were deployed on naval vessels in order to assist in <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland/2vT5Ihy6">Ireland's response to the coronavirus pandemic</a> (COVID-19) in early 2020, whereby naval vessels formed part of testing centres in support of the <a href="/facts/Health_Service_Executive/HH9rAIar">HSE</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>

<h2 id="future">Future</h2>

The 2015 White Paper on Defence<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> and the 2016 Programme for Government<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> provide that the overall establishment of the Army Reserve (AR) and the Naval Service Reserve (NSR) be set at 4,169 personnel, consisting of 3,869 Army Reservists and the expansion of the establishment of the four Naval Service Reserve Units from 200 to 300 personnel. In 2016, recruitment campaigns and training were stepped up to meet these targets.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>

<h3>Female personnel</h3>
While the number of female personnel in the Permanent Defence Forces is at a low 6% (which recruitment is trying to increase),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> the number of female Reservists is higher, with 16.3% female personnel in the Army Reserve and 22% female personnel in the Naval Service Reserve.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>

<h3>'Specialist Reserve' and overseas deployments</h3>
Prof Michael Mulqueen in his 2009 book titled Re-evaluating Irish National Security Policy: Affordable Threats? states 
"The emphasis on overseas service had also been extended to the Army Reserve. A reorganisation plan envisaged 2,600 of the State's 12,000 Reservists being offered training up to the level of full-time soldiers, in preparation for overseas service. Reservists would also conduct, on a routine basis, ATCP operations. This seemed to suggest that in time, while the permanent Army concentrated on overseas missions [...] part-time soldiers would take their place in duties defined broadly enough to encompass everything from flood relief to anti-terrorist patrols."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>
The White Paper on Defence published in 2015 by the <a href="/facts/Government_of_Ireland/7sCXlqex">Irish government</a> sets out plans for a "Specialist Reserve" to be created within the Defence Forces, to augment professional skills that may not be readily available within the PDF, such as <a href="/facts/Information_and_communications_technology/wG6q8RfN">ICT</a>, medical, <a href="/facts/Military_logistics/rm7npHRQ">ordnance</a>, heavy vehicle mechanics and engineering professionals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> The White Paper expects that personnel seconded to the Specialist Reserve could, subject to their availability, be integrated with their PDF counterparts and take part in live operations, including overseas missions, similar to other European reserve military forces.
In June 2021, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Minister for Defence <a href="/facts/Simon_Coveney/UaLdlBpy">Simon Coveney</a> brought amendments of the Defence Acts through the <a href="/facts/Oireachtas/TuVB66X9">Oireachtas</a> which enable overseas service for Defence Forces Reservists in legislation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>

<h2 id="popular-culture">Popular culture</h2>
Components of the Reserve Defence Forces (and previously the FCÁ) were involved as <a href="/facts/Extra_(acting)/RL9phfh9">extras</a> in the filming of the <a href="/facts/Normandy_landings/q4wsAqGV">D-Day landing</a> battle scenes in <a href="/facts/Saving_Private_Ryan/4HdhrwcF">Saving Private Ryan</a> – as well as battle scenes in <a href="/facts/Braveheart/XULEQqMU">Braveheart</a>, <a href="/facts/My_Boy_Jack_(film)/MMyxdXSL">My Boy Jack</a> and other feature films.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/WP_sub112">The Reserve and the Single Force Concept (Green Paper submission)</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h2>

<h2 id="external-links-and-sources">External links and sources</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.military.ie/en/who-we-are/reserve-defence-forces/">Irish Defence Forces website – Reserve</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 20 May 2009 – Written Answers – Defence Forces Reserve". Dáil Éireann. 20 May 2009. <a href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-05-20/question/186/" target="_blank">https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-05-20/question/186/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">The Irish Defence Forces are made up of the Permanent Defence Forces (PDF) – the standing branches – and the Reserve Defence Forces (RDF) <a href="/wiki/Irish_Defence_Forces" target="_blank">/wiki/Irish_Defence_Forces</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Defence Forces - Dáil Éireann Debate, Thursday - 17 Oct 2024 - Written Answers". Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas (Hansard). 17 October 2024. As of 31 August 2024, the effective strength of the Second Line Reserve stood at 1,553, which consists of 1,456 Army Reserve personnel and 97 Naval Service Reserve personnel. On the same date, the strength of the First Line Reserve stood at 167 personnel <a href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2024-10-17/question/9/" target="_blank">https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2024-10-17/question/9/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Defence Forces - Dáil Éireann Debate, Thursday - 17 Oct 2024 - Written Answers". Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas (Hansard). 17 October 2024. As of 31 August 2024, the effective strength of the Second Line Reserve stood at 1,553, which consists of 1,456 Army Reserve personnel and 97 Naval Service Reserve personnel. On the same date, the strength of the First Line Reserve stood at 167 personnel <a href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2024-10-17/question/9/" target="_blank">https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2024-10-17/question/9/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Value for Money (VFM) Review of the Reserve Defence Force" (PDF). Department of Defence. 20 November 2012. <a href="http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/eb9a86f46ada6f4280256c61003e1c58/106441151b85ce4880257abc0059ddc9/$FILE/78780999.pdf/Value%20For%20Money%20Review%20of%20The%20Reserve%20Defence%20Force.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/eb9a86f46ada6f4280256c61003e1c58/106441151b85ce4880257abc0059ddc9/$FILE/78780999.pdf/Value%20For%20Money%20Review%20of%20The%20Reserve%20Defence%20Force.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"ROLES OF THE ARMY RESERVE". Irish Defence Forces. Retrieved 25 January 2019. <a href="http://www.military.ie/en/who-we-are/reserve/army-reserve/roles-of-the-army-reserve/" target="_blank">http://www.military.ie/en/who-we-are/reserve/army-reserve/roles-of-the-army-reserve/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"The Naval Service Reserve". Defence Forces Ireland. Retrieved 16 December 2016. <a href="http://www.military.ie/en/reserve/organisation/naval-service-reserve/" target="_blank">http://www.military.ie/en/reserve/organisation/naval-service-reserve/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"White Paper on Defence: Reserve Defence Forces Representative Association". Houses of the Oireachtas Service. Retrieved 25 July 2016. <a href="http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/Debates%20Authoring/DebatesWebPack.nsf/committeetakes/JUJ2015110400002?opendocument#H01100" target="_blank">http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/Debates%20Authoring/DebatesWebPack.nsf/committeetakes/JUJ2015110400002?opendocument#H01100</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"About the Army Reserve". 62 Reserve Artillery Regiment (RAR). Retrieved 25 July 2016. <a href="http://www.62regiment.net/gpage2.html" target="_blank">http://www.62regiment.net/gpage2.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Defence Act, 1954". Government of Ireland. Retrieved 27 July 2016. <a href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1954/act/18/enacted/en/print.html" target="_blank">http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1954/act/18/enacted/en/print.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Defence Forces Reserve Strength". KildareStreet.com. Retrieved 27 July 2016. <a href="https://www.kildarestreet.com/debates/?id=2016-06-21a.271&s=speaker%3A310" target="_blank">https://www.kildarestreet.com/debates/?id=2016-06-21a.271&s=speaker%3A310</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"21 March 2020 – DF Internal Announcement". Óglaigh na hÉireann. Retrieved 21 March 2020. <a href="https://military.ie/en/member's-area/members-area-files/update_poster_am_21mar2020.jpg" target="_blank">https://military.ie/en/member's-area/members-area-files/update_poster_am_21mar2020.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">O'Riordan, Sean (21 March 2020). "Navy returning LÉ Eithne to service as Cork Covid-19 testing centre". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 21 March 2020. <a href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/navy-returning-le-eithne-to-service-as-cork-covid-19-testing-centre-988646.html" target="_blank">https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/navy-returning-le-eithne-to-service-as-cork-covid-19-testing-centre-988646.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"White Paper on Defence (2015)". Dept of Defence & Defence Forces. Retrieved 20 January 2017. <a href="http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/WP2015E" target="_blank">http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/WP2015E</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Programme for Partnership Government" (PDF). Merrion Street. Retrieved 25 July 2016. <a href="http://www.merrionstreet.ie/MerrionStreet/en/ImageLibrary/Programme_for_Partnership_Government.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.merrionstreet.ie/MerrionStreet/en/ImageLibrary/Programme_for_Partnership_Government.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Dáil Éireann debate - Thursday, 8 Oct 2015 – Other Questions". Dáil Éireann. 8 October 2015. <a href="https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2015-10-08/question/7/" target="_blank">https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2015-10-08/question/7/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">O’Riordan, Sean (14 April 2016). "Defence Forces to recruit 1,450 personnel over two years". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 25 July 2016. <a href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/defence-forces-to-recruit-1450-personnel-over-two-years-392814.html" target="_blank">http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/defence-forces-to-recruit-1450-personnel-over-two-years-392814.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"White Paper on Defence: Reserve Defence Forces Representative Association". Houses of the Oireachtas Service. Retrieved 25 July 2016. <a href="http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/Debates%20Authoring/DebatesWebPack.nsf/committeetakes/JUJ2015110400002?opendocument#H01100" target="_blank">http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/Debates%20Authoring/DebatesWebPack.nsf/committeetakes/JUJ2015110400002?opendocument#H01100</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Mulqueen, Michael (2009). Re-evaluating Irish national security policy : affordable threats?. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-8027-2. <a href="978-0-7190-8027-2" target="_blank">978-0-7190-8027-2</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"White Paper on Defence (2015)". Dept of Defence & Defence Forces. Retrieved 20 January 2017. <a href="http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/WP2015E" target="_blank">http://www.defence.ie/WebSite.nsf/WP2015E</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">O'Halloran, Marie (30 June 2021). "Reserve members of Defence Forces to be allowed to serve overseas for first time". The Irish Times. Retrieved 20 August 2021. <a href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/reserve-members-of-defence-forces-to-be-allowed-to-serve-overseas-for-first-time-1.4608230" target="_blank">https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/oireachtas/reserve-members-of-defence-forces-to-be-allowed-to-serve-overseas-for-first-time-1.4608230</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Filming 'Saving Private Ryan' at Curracloe Beach 1997". RTÉ (Archives). Retrieved 25 May 2016. "Members of the Reserve Defence Force [...] take part in a £40 million Steven Spielberg war epic" <a href="https://www.rte.ie/archives/2013/0703/460302-filming-saving-private-ryan-at-curracloe-beach/" target="_blank">https://www.rte.ie/archives/2013/0703/460302-filming-saving-private-ryan-at-curracloe-beach/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Mark McCarthy (2016). Ireland's 1916 Rising: Explorations of History-Making, Commemoration & Heritage in Modern Times. Routledge. ISBN 9781317112860. " Rebel Heart [..had..] over 3000 extras (many of them from the Reserve Defence Forces – who had previously participated in the filming of Mel Gibson's Braveheart)" <a href="9781317112860" target="_blank">9781317112860</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Reserve Defence Forces open-in-new

Reserve Defence Forces