Coexistence

<h2 id="religious-coexistence">Religious Coexistence</h2>
Different religions advocate have advocated for coexistence between their religion and others.

<h3>Coexistence in Islam</h3>
There are several verses in the Quran that allude to Muslims living alongside people of other faith:
"I do not worship what you worship, nor do you worship what I worship. I will never worship what you worship, nor will you ever worship what I worship. You have your way, and I have my Way.” [109:2-6]
"Let there be no compulsion in religion...." [2:256]
"˹In time,˺ Allah may bring about goodwill between you and those of them you ˹now˺ hold as enemies. For Allah is Most Capable. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Allah does not forbid you from dealing kindly and fairly with those who have neither fought nor driven you out of your homes. Surely Allah loves those who are fair." [60:7-9]
Over the course of Islamic history there were several examples of religious coexistence under Muslim rule including during the reign of the Muslims in <a href="/facts/Al-Andalus/JTNmWTzP">Al-Andalus</a> where Muslims, Jews, and Christians alongside other religious groups lived together.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Similarly, during the rule of the Ottoman Empire, non-Muslims were able to live under their own jurisdiction through a system known as the <a href="/facts/Millet_(Ottoman_Empire)/WhUsDg06">Millet</a> where they would be given a significant amount of autonomy within their own communities and would not be subject to Islamic law.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>

<h3>Coexistence in Buddhism</h3>
Buddhism advocates living the Middle Way, where one limits there biases and avoids excluding others. Through the Middle Way, Buddhism advocates that we cannot survive without others and that one should thus work to make positive relations with others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> Buddhism also speaks of seeking harmony between self and other and avoiding confrontation by developing peaceful relations between different communities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Sam Mickey, Whole Earth Thinking and Planetary Coexistence (Routledge, 2015), p. 103. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" target="_blank">/wiki/Routledge</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">S. Christian and G. Kocurek (2012). "Combining Mesoscale Wind Modeling with Dune Field Analysis to Constrain Modern Wind Regime, Hyperboreae Undae, Mars" (PDF). 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Hyperboreae Undae (HU), one of several dune fields surrounding the north polar plateau of Mars, Planum Boreum, has well-known examples of coexisting barchanoid and lineartype dunes and yardang. <a href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/1450.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/1450.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Graham, A.W. and Spitler, L.R., Quantifying the coexistence of massive black holes and dense nuclear star clusters. <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009MNRAS.397.2148G" target="_blank">http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009MNRAS.397.2148G</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Charles Husband, Yunis Alam, Jörg Hüttermann, and Joanna Fomina, Lived diversities: Space, place and identities in the multi-ethnic city (2016), p. 5. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Mohammed Abu-Nimer, Reconciliation, Justice, and Coexistence: Theory and Practice (2001), p. 48. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Loring, Philip A. (23 January 2016). "Toward a Theory of Coexistence in Shared Social-ecological Systems: The Case of Cook Inlet Salmon Fisheries". Human Ecology. 44 (2): 153–165. doi:10.1007/s10745-016-9806-0. PMC 4832003. PMID 27122652. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4832003" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4832003</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Phillips, Gabriela Profeta. "Islamic Spain: Model of Peaceful Coexistence". <a href="https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1188&context=jams" target="_blank">https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1188&context=jams</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Mughul, Yakub. "THE OTTOMAN POLICY TOWARDS NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES AND THEIR STATUS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE 15TH & 16TH CENTURIES: INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATIONS" (PDF). <a href="https://www.ayk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/MUGHUL-M.-Yakub-THE-OTTOMAN-POLICY-TOWARDS-NON-MUSLIM-COMMUNITIES-AND-THEIR-STATUS-IN-THE-OTTOMAN-EMPIRE-DURING-THE-15TH-16TH-CENTURIES-INTERACTION-OF-CIVILIZATIONS.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.ayk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/MUGHUL-M.-Yakub-THE-OTTOMAN-POLICY-TOWARDS-NON-MUSLIM-COMMUNITIES-AND-THEIR-STATUS-IN-THE-OTTOMAN-EMPIRE-DURING-THE-15TH-16TH-CENTURIES-INTERACTION-OF-CIVILIZATIONS.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Hsi, Miao. "Embracing Differences and Sharing Commonalities". <a href="https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1124&context=claritas#:~:text=4.,not%20advocate%20war%20and%20killing." target="_blank">https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1124&context=claritas#:~:text=4.,not%20advocate%20war%20and%20killing.</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Hsi, Miao. "Embracing Differences and Sharing Commonalities". <a href="https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1124&context=claritas#:~:text=4.,not%20advocate%20war%20and%20killing." target="_blank">https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1124&context=claritas#:~:text=4.,not%20advocate%20war%20and%20killing.</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Coexistence open-in-new

Coexistence