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Burst error
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<h2 id="channel-model">Channel model</h2> <p>The Gilbert–Elliott model is a simple <a href="/facts/Channel_model/MtlxEShV">channel model</a> introduced by <a href="/facts/Edgar_Gilbert/r6g0Tlun">Edgar Gilbert</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> and E. O. Elliott <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> that is widely used for describing burst error patterns in transmission channels and enables simulations of the digital error performance of communications links. It is based on a <a href="/facts/Markov_chain/5oP5hntk">Markov chain</a> with two states <i>G</i> (for good or gap) and <i>B</i> (for bad or burst). In state <i>G</i> the probability of transmitting a bit correctly is <i>k</i> and in state <i>B</i> it is <i>h</i>. Usually,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> it is assumed that <i>k</i> = 1. Gilbert provided equations for deriving the other three parameters (<i>G</i> and <i>B</i> state transition probabilities and <i>h</i>) from a given success/failure sequence. In his example, the sequence was too short to correctly find <i>h</i> (a negative probability was found) and so Gilbert assumed that <i>h</i> = 0.5. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Burst_error-correcting_code/u44XaYBz">Burst error-correcting code</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729154043/https://www.net.t-labs.tu-berlin.de/papers/HH-GEMPLRTSI-08.pdf">The Gilbert-Elliott Model for Packet Loss in Real Time Services on the Internet</a> at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2020-07-29)</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727052953/http://bnrg.cs.berkeley.edu/~adj/publications/paper-files/winet01.pdf">A Markov-Based Channel Model Algorithm for Wireless Networks</a> at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2020-07-27)</li> <li><a href="http://www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr03/fading/gilbert.htm">The two-state model for a fading channel</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Federal Standard 1037C <a href="http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm" target="_blank">http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Gilbert, E. N. (1960), "Capacity of a burst-noise channel", Bell System Technical Journal, 39 (5): 1253–1265, doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1960.tb03959.x. <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Gilbert" target="_blank">/wiki/Edgar_Gilbert</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Elliott, E. O. (1963), "Estimates of error rates for codes on burst-noise channels", Bell System Technical Journal, 42 (5): 1977–1997, doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1963.tb00955.x. <a href="/wiki/Bell_System_Technical_Journal" target="_blank">/wiki/Bell_System_Technical_Journal</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Lemmon, J.J.: Wireless link statistical bit error model. US National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) Report 02-394 (2002) <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>