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Phonetic Extensions
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<h2 id="block">Block</h2> <table><tbody><tr><td colspan="17">Phonetic Extensions[1]<a href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D00.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>C</td><td>D</td><td>E</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><td>U+1D0x</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%80/8pbmYUcE">ᴀ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%81/Uqctr81G">ᴁ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%82/82YCoGWK">ᴂ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%83/G0Sk8xGp">ᴃ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%84/SVH5prpT">ᴄ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%85/G0Sk8xGp">ᴅ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%86/G0Sk8xGp">ᴆ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%87/8pbmYUcE">ᴇ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%88/9lLWc8Bb">ᴈ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%89/1SCllQlU">ᴉ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%8A/SVH5prpT">ᴊ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%8B/SVH5prpT">ᴋ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%8C/G0Sk8xGp">ᴌ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%8D/SVH5prpT">ᴍ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%8E/G0Sk8xGp">ᴎ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%8F/1IB6cHlp">ᴏ</a></td></tr><tr><td>U+1D1x</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%90/1IB6cHlp">ᴐ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%91/82YCoGWK">ᴑ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%92/82YCoGWK">ᴒ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%93/82YCoGWK">ᴓ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%94/G0Sk8xGp">ᴔ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%95/1IB6cHlp">ᴕ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%96/82YCoGWK">ᴖ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%97/82YCoGWK">ᴗ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%98/SVH5prpT">ᴘ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%99/G0Sk8xGp">ᴙ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%9A/G0Sk8xGp">ᴚ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%9B/SVH5prpT">ᴛ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%9C/SVH5prpT">ᴜ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%9D/G0Sk8xGp">ᴝ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%9E/G0Sk8xGp">ᴞ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%9F/82YCoGWK">ᴟ</a></td></tr><tr><td>U+1D2x</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A0/SVH5prpT">ᴠ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A1/SVH5prpT">ᴡ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A2/SVH5prpT">ᴢ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A3/8pbmYUcE">ᴣ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A4/G0Sk8xGp">ᴤ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A5/PH5yVCtl">ᴥ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A6/G0Sk8xGp">ᴦ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A7/G0Sk8xGp">ᴧ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A8/G0Sk8xGp">ᴨ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%A9/G0Sk8xGp">ᴩ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%AA/G0Sk8xGp">ᴪ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%AB/G0Sk8xGp">ᴫ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%AC/82YCoGWK">ᴬ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%AD/Uqctr81G">ᴭ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%AE/82YCoGWK">ᴮ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%AF/6M2DB4lm">ᴯ</a></td></tr><tr><td>U+1D3x</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B0/82YCoGWK">ᴰ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B1/82YCoGWK">ᴱ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B2/82YCoGWK">ᴲ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B3/82YCoGWK">ᴳ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B4/82YCoGWK">ᴴ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B5/82YCoGWK">ᴵ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B6/82YCoGWK">ᴶ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B7/82YCoGWK">ᴷ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B8/82YCoGWK">ᴸ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%B9/82YCoGWK">ᴹ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%BA/82YCoGWK">ᴺ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%BB/82YCoGWK">ᴻ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%BC/82YCoGWK">ᴼ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%BD/82YCoGWK">ᴽ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%BE/82YCoGWK">ᴾ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B4%BF/82YCoGWK">ᴿ</a></td></tr><tr><td>U+1D4x</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%80/82YCoGWK">ᵀ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%81/82YCoGWK">ᵁ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%82/gxgAWAQI">ᵂ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%83/82YCoGWK">ᵃ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%84/82YCoGWK">ᵄ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%85/82YCoGWK">ᵅ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%86/82YCoGWK">ᵆ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%87/82YCoGWK">ᵇ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%88/82YCoGWK">ᵈ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%89/5H7VlAuk">ᵉ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%8A/5H7VlAuk">ᵊ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%8B/82YCoGWK">ᵋ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%8C/82YCoGWK">ᵌ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%8D/82YCoGWK">ᵍ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%8E/1SCllQlU">ᵎ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%8F/82YCoGWK">ᵏ</a></td></tr><tr><td>U+1D5x</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%90/82YCoGWK">ᵐ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%91/XpzfohCT">ᵑ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%92/82YCoGWK">ᵒ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%93/82YCoGWK">ᵓ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%94/82YCoGWK">ᵔ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%95/82YCoGWK">ᵕ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%96/82YCoGWK">ᵖ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%97/82YCoGWK">ᵗ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%98/82YCoGWK">ᵘ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%99/82YCoGWK">ᵙ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%9A/82YCoGWK">ᵚ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%9B/82YCoGWK">ᵛ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%9C/82YCoGWK">ᵜ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%9D/2NImak2G">ᵝ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%9E/82YCoGWK">ᵞ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%9F/82YCoGWK">ᵟ</a></td></tr><tr><td>U+1D6x</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A0/82YCoGWK">ᵠ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A1/82YCoGWK">ᵡ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A2/82YCoGWK">ᵢ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A3/82YCoGWK">ᵣ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A4/82YCoGWK">ᵤ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A5/82YCoGWK">ᵥ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A6/82YCoGWK">ᵦ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A7/82YCoGWK">ᵧ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A8/82YCoGWK">ᵨ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%A9/82YCoGWK">ᵩ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%AA/82YCoGWK">ᵪ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%AB/urMIGfmN">ᵫ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%AC/6M2DB4lm">ᵬ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%AD/1Eu99Dxo">ᵭ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%AE/2Qhv29hR">ᵮ</a></td><td>ᵯ</td></tr><tr><td>U+1D7x</td><td>ᵰ</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%B1/82YCoGWK">ᵱ</a></td><td>ᵲ</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%B3/82YCoGWK">ᵳ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%B4/5HvFk5tU">ᵴ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%B5/14FYMJvN">ᵵ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%B6/03LloGUa">ᵶ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%B7/82YCoGWK">ᵷ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%B8/82YCoGWK">ᵸ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%EA%9D%BD/025fgtUV">ᵹ</a></td><td>ᵺ</td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%BB/2w7mqI7e">ᵻ</a></td><td>ᵼ</td><td><a href="/facts/%E2%B1%A3/41AF4mKp">ᵽ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%BE/41AF4mKp">ᵾ</a></td><td><a href="/facts/%E1%B5%BF/5HvFk5tU">ᵿ</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="17">Notes1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Phonetic Extensions block: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Version</a></th><th>Final code points<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></th><th>Count</th><th><a href="/facts/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards/CXq4JYfR">L2</a> ID</th><th><a href="/facts/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2/IcW7grUW">WG2</a> ID</th><th>Document</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="11">4.0</td><td rowspan="10">U+1D00..1D6A</td><td rowspan="10">107</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02141-n2419-uralic-phonetic.pdf">L2/02-141</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2419.pdf">N2419</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Michael_Everson/8Se2cLdz">Everson, Michael</a>; et al. (2002-03-20), <i>Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02192-upa.txt">L2/02-192</a></td><td></td><td>Everson, Michael (2002-05-02), <i>Everson's Reply on UPA</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2442.pdf">N2442</a></td><td>Everson, Michael; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Ruppel, Klaas; Trosterud, Trond (2002-05-21), <i>Justification for placing the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet in the BMP</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02291-whistler.txt">L2/02-291</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2002-05-31), <i>WG2 report from Dublin</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02292-whistler.txt">L2/02-292</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2002-06-03), <i>Early look at WG2 consent docket</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-091-200205.html">L2/02-166R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2002-08-09), "Scripts and New Characters - UPA", <i>UTC #91 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02253.htm">L2/02-253</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2002-10-21), "Consensus 92-C2", <i>UTC #92 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11043-modletcase.pdf">L2/11-043</a></td><td></td><td>Freytag, Asmus; Karlsson, Kent (2011-02-02), <i>Proposal to correct mistakes and inconsistencies in certain property assignments for super and subscripted letters</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11016.htm">L2/11-016</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2011-02-15), "Correct mistakes in property assignments for super and subscripted letters (B.13.4) [U+1D62..1D6A]", <i>UTC #126 / L2 #223 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11160-pri181.pdf">L2/11-160</a></td><td></td><td><i>PRI #181 Changing General Category of Twelve Characters</i>, 2011-05-02</td></tr><tr><td>U+1D6B</td><td>1</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02421-n2514-ue.pdf">L2/02-421</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2514.pdf">N2514</a></td><td>Everson, Michael (2002-11-10), <i>Proposal to encode one Latin letter in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="24">4.1</td><td rowspan="3">U+1D6C..1D76</td><td rowspan="3">11</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03174r2-mid-tilde.pdf">L2/03-174R2</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2632.pdf">N2632</a></td><td>Constable, Peter (2003-09-30), <i>Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03240.htm">L2/03-240R3</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2003-10-21), "Eleven Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde (B.14.15)", <i>UTC #96 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">L2/04-132</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2740.pdf">N2740</a></td><td>Constable, Peter (2004-04-19), <i>Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">U+1D77..1D78</td><td rowspan="3">2</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1962.pdf">L2/99-082</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1962.pdf">N1962</a></td><td>Everson, Michael (1999-02-26), <i>Optimizing Georgian representation in the BMP of the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00115.htm">L2/00-115R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), <i>Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03230r2-nuskhuri.pdf">L2/03-230R2</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2608r2.pdf">N2608R2</a></td><td>Everson, Michael (2003-09-04), <i>Proposal to add Georgian and other characters to the BMP of the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td>U+1D79</td><td>1</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03331-n2641-insularg.pdf">L2/03-331</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2641.pdf">N2641</a></td><td>Everson, Michael (2003-10-05), <i>Proposal to encode one Irish phonetic letter in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">U+1D7A</td><td rowspan="5">1</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02361-th_slash.htm">L2/02-361</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Mark_Davis_(Unicode)/9xdIRMGW">Davis, Mark</a> (2002-09-05), <i>Double Combining Stroke</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03136.htm">L2/03-136</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2003-08-18), "Scripts and New Characters - Double Combining Stroke", <i>UTC #95 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03334-n2645-th-strike-form.pdf">L2/03-334</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2645.pdf">N2645</a></td><td>Davis, Mark (2003-10-08), <i>Latin Small Letter th with Strikethrough</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03359-n2656.pdf">L2/03-359</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2656.pdf">N2656</a></td><td>Freytag, Asmus (2003-10-15), <i>Phonetic symbols used in Dictionaries</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-097-200311.html">L2/03-356R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2003-10-22), "Phonetic symbols used in dictionaries (B.14.15)", <i>UTC #97 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="12">U+1D7B..1D7F</td><td rowspan="12">5</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03170-retr-hook-chars.pdf">L2/03-170</a></td><td></td><td>Constable, Peter (2003-05-30), <i>Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Retroflex Hook in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03169r-pal-hk-chars.pdf">L2/03-169R</a></td><td></td><td>Constable, Peter (2003-06-06), <i>Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Palatal Hook in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03180-add-mod-ltr.pdf">L2/03-180</a></td><td></td><td>Constable, Peter (2003-06-07), <i>Proposal to Encode Additional Phonetic Modifier Letters in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03190r-add-phon-syms.pdf">L2/03-190R</a></td><td></td><td>Constable, Peter (2003-06-08), <i>Proposal to Encode Additional Phonetic Symbols in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03136.htm">L2/03-136</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2003-08-18), "Phonetic Symbols and Modifier Letters", <i>UTC #95 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04044-phonetic.pdf">L2/04-044</a></td><td></td><td>Constable, Peter (2004-02-01), <i>Revised Proposal to Encode Additional Phonetic Modifier Letters in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04045-palatal-hook.pdf">L2/04-045</a></td><td></td><td>Constable, Peter (2004-02-01), <i>Revised Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Palatal Hook in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04046-retroflex-hook.pdf">L2/04-046</a></td><td></td><td>Constable, Peter (2004-02-01), <i>Revised Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Retroflex Hook in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04047-phonetic-syms.pdf">L2/04-047</a></td><td></td><td>Constable, Peter (2004-02-01), <i>Revised Proposal to Encode Additional Phonetic Symbols in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf">L2/04-132</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2740.pdf">N2740</a></td><td>Constable, Peter (2004-04-19), <i>Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04144-soft-dotted.pdf">L2/04-144</a></td><td></td><td>Hallissy, Bob (2004-04-27), <i>Soft-dotted characters in the pipeline</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04003.htm">L2/04-003R</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2004-05-17), "Phonetic Modifier Letters (B.14.10), Phonetic Symbols with Palatal Hook (B.14.11), Phonetic Symbols with Retroflex Hook (B.14.12), and Additional Phonetic Symbols (B.14.13)", <i>UTC #98 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode/sxQGIqSb">Cyrillic script in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Greek_alphabet/1cHwB8Dg">Greek alphabet in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Latin_script_in_Unicode/n0r7VFcv">Latin script in Unicode</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>