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World Architecture Survey
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<h2 id="results">Results</h2> <h3>Most important works since 1980</h3> <p>The respondents named a total of 132 different structures when asked to indicate the five most important <a href="/facts/Buildings/edSjKXje">buildings</a>, <a href="/facts/Monuments/p4Gs7ABC">monuments</a>, and <a href="/facts/Bridges/vBJ7Hw8v">bridges</a> completed since 1980. The top 21 were:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/facts/Guggenheim_Museum_Bilbao/gqrTwHKI">Guggenheim Museum Bilbao</a> (completed 1997) in Bilbao, Spain by <a href="/facts/Frank_Gehry/tSunALsf">Frank Gehry</a> (28 votes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Menil_Collection/CuVDLHWW">Menil Collection</a> (1987) in Houston, Texas by <a href="/facts/Renzo_Piano/xnbg4XQn">Renzo Piano</a> (10 votes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Therme_Vals/oCqv6LsJ">Thermal Baths of Vals</a> (1996) in Vals, Switzerland by <a href="/facts/Peter_Zumthor/j95C6qJn">Peter Zumthor</a> (9 votes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/HSBC_Main_Building,_Hong_Kong/aMA8gwIQ">Hong Kong Shanghai Bank (HSBC) Building</a> (1985) in Hong Kong by <a href="/facts/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank/G3StsbXt">Norman Foster</a> (7 votes)</li> <li>Tied (6 votes): <a href="/facts/Seattle_Central_Library/Ms6zcWfr">Seattle Central Library</a> (2004) in Seattle by <a href="/facts/Rem_Koolhaas/jawTra5B">Rem Koolhaas</a> <a href="/facts/Sendai_Mediatheque/7yL8JSsk">Sendai Mediatheque</a> (2001) in Sendai, Japan by <a href="/facts/Toyo_Ito/bIgo9rtu">Toyo Ito</a> <a href="/facts/Neue_Staatsgalerie/33NvfVfU">Neue Staatsgalerie</a> (1984) in Stuttgart, Germany by <a href="/facts/James_Stirling_(architect)/0vzl6k86">James Stirling</a> <a href="/facts/Church_of_the_Light/d6VTnmyh">Church of the Light</a> (1989) in Osaka, Japan by <a href="/facts/Tadao_Ando/pFT4XCd8">Tadao Ando</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial/1jpwHfvg">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a> (1982) in Washington, D.C. by <a href="/facts/Maya_Lin/2UHTlEc4">Maya Lin</a> (5 votes)</li> <li>Tied (4 votes): <a href="/facts/Millau_Viaduct/5Ajkgy0S">Millau Viaduct</a> (2004) in France by Norman Foster <a href="/facts/Jewish_Museum,_Berlin/J0SUyI4A">Jewish Museum, Berlin</a> (1998) in Berlin by <a href="/facts/Daniel_Libeskind/vL42PQPV">Daniel Libeskind</a></li> <li>Tied (3 votes): <a href="/facts/Lloyd%E2%80%99s_Building/dXbQKdW7">Lloyd’s Building</a> (1984) in London by <a href="/facts/Richard_Rogers/IG2q2nuI">Richard Rogers</a> <a href="/facts/Beijing_National_Stadium/7fXRgmWP">Beijing National Stadium</a> (2008) in Beijing by <a href="/facts/Jacques_Herzog_and_Pierre_de_Meuron/s9U5Dz06">Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron</a> <a href="/facts/CMG_Guanghua_Road_Office_Area/D2MrAtyz">CCTV Building</a> (under construction as of 2010<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Architecture_Survey&action=edit">[update]</a>) in Beijing by Rem Koolhaas <a href="/facts/Casa_da_Musica/kq6fwWm2">Casa da Musica</a> (2005) in Porto, Portugal by Rem Koolhaas <a href="/facts/Cartier_Foundation/x1p3IfT1">Cartier Foundation</a> (1994) in Paris by <a href="/facts/Jean_Nouvel/2uclTEb3">Jean Nouvel</a> <a href="/facts/BMW_Welt/kddc2P9g">BMW Welt</a> (2007) in Munich by <a href="/facts/COOP_Himmelblau/0JkU5Rnb">COOP Himmelblau</a> Addition to the <a href="/facts/Nelson-Atkins_Museum/cQrH9Qt9">Nelson-Atkins Museum</a> (2007) in Kansas City, Missouri by <a href="/facts/Steven_Holl/HeplPjIg">Steven Holl</a> <a href="/facts/41_Cooper_Square/muXrSh1e">Cooper Union building</a> (2009) in New York by <a href="/facts/Thom_Mayne/Yv2BY7SC">Thom Mayne</a> <a href="/facts/Parc_de_la_Villette/lGsNP7PS">Parc de la Villette</a> (1984) in Paris by <a href="/facts/Bernard_Tschumi/koUxX9Yu">Bernard Tschumi</a> <a href="/facts/Yokohama_International_Passenger_Terminal/QnWxQaN1">Yokohama International Passenger Terminal</a> (2002) at Ōsanbashi Pier in Yokohama, Japan by <a href="/facts/Foreign_Office_Architects/YLYHw6or">Foreign Office Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saint-Pierre_church,_Firminy/klXQT2jn">Saint-Pierre church, Firminy</a> (2006) in Firminy, France by <a href="/facts/Le_Corbusier/uVvg2nGU">Le Corbusier</a> (2 votes)</li></ol> <h3>Most significant work of the 21st century</h3> <p>The buildings most often named as the greatest work of architecture thus far in the 21st century were:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/facts/Beijing_National_Stadium/7fXRgmWP">Beijing National Stadium</a> by <a href="/facts/Herzog_and_de_Meuron/s9U5Dz06">Herzog and de Meuron</a> (7 votes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Saint-Pierre,_Firminy/klXQT2jn">Saint-Pierre, Firminy</a> by <a href="/facts/Le_Corbusier/uVvg2nGU">Le Corbusier</a> (4 votes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Seattle_Central_Library/Ms6zcWfr">Seattle Central Library</a> by <a href="/facts/Rem_Koolhaas/jawTra5B">Rem Koolhaas</a> (3 votes)</li> <li><a href="/facts/CCTV_Headquarters/D2MrAtyz">CCTV Headquarters</a> by <a href="/facts/Rem_Koolhaas/jawTra5B">Rem Koolhaas</a> (2 votes)</li> <li>Tied with one vote each: <a href="/facts/Sendai_Mediatheque/7yL8JSsk">Sendai Mediatheque</a> (<a href="/facts/Toyo_Ito/bIgo9rtu">Toyo Ito</a>), <a href="/facts/Millau_Viaduct/5Ajkgy0S">Millau Viaduct</a> (<a href="/facts/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank/G3StsbXt">Norman Foster</a>), <a href="/facts/Casa_da_Musica/kq6fwWm2">Casa da Musica</a> (<a href="/facts/Rem_Koolhaas/jawTra5B">Rem Koolhaas</a>), <a href="/facts/Cartier_Foundation/x1p3IfT1">Cartier Foundation</a> (<a href="/facts/Jean_Nouvel/2uclTEb3">Jean Nouvel</a>), <a href="/facts/BMW_Welt/kddc2P9g">BMW Welt</a> (<a href="/facts/COOP_Himmelblau/0JkU5Rnb">COOP Himmelblau</a>)</li></ol> <h2 id="criticism">Criticism</h2> <p>Writing for the <i><a href="/facts/Chicago_Tribune/Bbms9uy5">Chicago Tribune</a></i>, Blair Kamin criticized the "self-aggrandizing" survey for not including any <a href="/facts/Green_buildings/fG67vQCK">green buildings</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> In response, <a href="/facts/Lance_Hosey/SY8k8tpv">Lance Hosey</a> of <i>Architect</i> magazine conducted an alternate survey of leading green building experts and found that no buildings appeared on both lists, suggesting that standards of "good design" and "green design" are misaligned.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Commentators also noted that several of the architects surveyed (but not Gehry)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> "perhaps took the magazine’s title a little too seriously" and voted for their own buildings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="participants">Participants</h2> <p>The following people replied to the survey:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Stan_Allen/IhPDd02l">Stan Allen</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Tadao_Ando/pFT4XCd8">Tadao Ando</a></li><li><a href="/facts/George_Baird_(architect)/sXI6g63j">George Baird</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Deborah_Berke_%26_Partners_Architects/0wSvfWjP">Deborah Berke</a></li><li><a href="/facts/David_Chipperfield/rMGW3PYh">David Chipperfield</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Neil_Denari/RlRN5ADq">Neil Denari</a></li><li>Hank Dittmar</li><li><a href="/facts/Roger_Duffy_(architect)/J94BBgej">Roger Duffy</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Peter_Eisenman/CWTkkmck">Peter Eisenman</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Martin_Filler/5jIYJorI">Martin Filler</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank/G3StsbXt">Norman Foster</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Kenneth_B._Frampton/FzuH9Qn0">Kenneth B. Frampton</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Frank_Gehry/tSunALsf">Frank Gehry</a></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Richard_Gluckman/BoEJpRh2">Richard Gluckman</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Paul_Goldberger/cAFCGlrE">Paul Goldberger</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Michael_Graves/2CdAL8vH">Michael Graves</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Zaha_Hadid/lj0JoRsQ">Zaha Hadid</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Hugh_Hardy/Vud7xc26">Hugh Hardy</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Steven_Holl/HeplPjIg">Steven Holl</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Hans_Hollein/I8yp6Pqx">Hans Hollein</a></li><li>Michael Holzer</li><li><a href="/facts/Michael_Jemtrud/fa00Xd6T">Michael Jemtrud</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Charles_Jencks/wR3txIGg">Charles Jencks</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Leon_Krier/hlKhA961">Leon Krier</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Daniel_Libeskind/vL42PQPV">Daniel Libeskind</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Thom_Mayne/Yv2BY7SC">Thom Mayne</a></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Richard_Meier/X0FBknTw">Richard Meier</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Jos%C3%A9_Rafael_Moneo/KxbEtVbu">José Rafael Moneo</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Eric_Owen_Moss/yrhSfWgG">Eric Owen Moss</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Mohsen_Mostafavi/I5dFMcgg">Mohsen Mostafavi</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Victoria_Newhouse/VpwgmsJn">Victoria Newhouse</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Jean_Nouvel/2uclTEb3">Jean Nouvel</a></li><li>Richard Olcott</li><li><a href="/facts/John_Pawson/eASBWYY8">John Pawson</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Cesar_Pelli/8cpy6GE7">Cesar Pelli</a></li><li><a href="/facts/James_Stewart_Polshek/Rt0kGMSV">James Stewart Polshek</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Christian_de_Portzamparc/euqeFtB2">Christian de Portzamparc</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Antoine_Predock/oabSVfCY">Antoine Predock</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Wolf_D._Prix/0JkU5Rnb">Wolf D. Prix</a></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><a href="/facts/Jaquelin_T._Robertson/pcIDeYcD">Jaquelin T. Robertson</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Richard_Rogers/IG2q2nuI">Richard Rogers</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Joseph_Rykwert/VCBrWsto">Joseph Rykwert</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Ricardo_Scofidio_(architect)/MNUlAGD1">Ricardo Scofidio</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Annabelle_Selldorf/mlIC0r7b">Annabelle Selldorf</a></li><li>Robert Siegel</li><li><a href="/facts/John_Silber/fqce7Mjs">John Silber</a></li><li>Brett Steele</li><li><a href="/facts/Bernard_Tschumi/koUxX9Yu">Bernard Tschumi</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Renzo_Piano/xnbg4XQn">Renzo Piano</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Ben_van_Berkel/mgjtHezR">Ben van Berkel</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Anthony_Vidler/BxlzW2PG">Anthony Vidler</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Rafael_Vi%C3%B1oly/B9A6Ca70">Rafael Viñoly</a></li><li><a href="/facts/Tod_Williams_Billie_Tsien_Architects/K1BRzdmp">Tod Williams and Billie Tsien</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Architectural_icon/7nrNIgxC">Architectural icon</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Vanity Fair's World Architecture Survey: the Complete Results". Vanity Fair. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108161337/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-list-201008" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141108161337/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-list-201008</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Architecture’s Modern Marvels <a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-slideshow-201008?currentPage=13" target="_blank">http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-slideshow-201008?currentPage=13</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Tyrnauer, Matt (30 June 2010). "Architecture in the Age of Gehry". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-201008?currentPage=all" target="_blank">http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-201008?currentPage=all</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Architecture's Modern Marvels". Vanity Fair. June 30, 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-slideshow-201008" target="_blank">http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-slideshow-201008</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Architecture's Modern Marvels". Vanity Fair. June 30, 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-slideshow-201008" target="_blank">http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-slideshow-201008</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Kamin, Blair (July 21, 2010). "The blind spot in Vanity Fair's world architecture survey: green design". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/theskyline/2010/07/the-blind-spot-in-vanity-fairs-world-architecture-survey.html" target="_blank">http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/theskyline/2010/07/the-blind-spot-in-vanity-fairs-world-architecture-survey.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hosey, Lance (July 27, 2010). "The G List". Architect. Retrieved 28 July 2010. <a href="http://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/the-g-list_o" target="_blank">http://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/the-g-list_o</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ng, David (June 30, 2010). "Frank Gehry's Bilbao museum tops Vanity Fair architecture list". Culture Monster. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2010/06/frank-gehrys-bilbao-museum-tops-vanity-fair-architecture-list.html" target="_blank">http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2010/06/frank-gehrys-bilbao-museum-tops-vanity-fair-architecture-list.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Winston, Anna (5 July 2010). "Vanity Fair reveals vanity voting behind list of best modern buildings". Building Design. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="http://www.bdonline.co.uk/vanity-fair-reveals-vanity-voting-behind-list-of-best-modern-buildings/5002211.blog" target="_blank">http://www.bdonline.co.uk/vanity-fair-reveals-vanity-voting-behind-list-of-best-modern-buildings/5002211.blog</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Glick Kudler, Adrian (June 30, 2010). "Bilbao Wins, But Which Architects Nominated Themselves to Vanity Fair List?". Curbed. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="http://la.curbed.com/archives/2010/06/bilbao_wins_but_which_architects_nominated_themselves_to_vanity_fair_list.php" target="_blank">http://la.curbed.com/archives/2010/06/bilbao_wins_but_which_architects_nominated_themselves_to_vanity_fair_list.php</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Vanity Fair's World Architecture Survey: the Complete Results". Vanity Fair. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108161337/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-list-201008" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141108161337/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2010/08/architecture-survey-list-201008</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>