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Blend4Web
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<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2> <p>The Blend4Web framework leverages <a href="/facts/Blender_(software)/yzuvB0fL">Blender</a> to edit 3D scenes. Content rendering relies on <a href="/facts/WebGL/Avkp0Wb7">WebGL</a>, <a href="/facts/Web_audio/7E6qjBsd">Web Audio</a>, <a href="/facts/WebVR/M0kMlWr0">WebVR</a>, and other <a href="/facts/Web_standards/3U9MLjD1">web standards</a>, without the use of <a href="/facts/Browser_extension/jzkeh57V">plug-ins</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>It is <a href="/facts/Multi-licensing/4PvsDgfB">dual-licensed</a>. The framework is distributed under the <a href="/facts/Free_license/KdQKHjLl">free</a> and <a href="/facts/Open-source_software/HzTaB8E9">open source</a> <a href="/facts/GPLv3/S75KhLSX">GPLv3</a> and, a <a href="/facts/Non-free_software/9zcskxYL">non-free</a> license - with the <a href="/facts/Source_code/o9J6Jv23">source code</a> being hosted on <a href="/facts/GitHub/n1hNCsc3">GitHub</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>A 3D scene can be prepared in Blender and then exported as a pair of <a href="/facts/JSON/bs1rUAhd">JSON</a> and <a href="/facts/Binary_file/ysttM8hh">binary</a> files to load in a <a href="/facts/Web_application/BLkF3BIN">web application</a>. It can also be exported as a single, self-contained <a href="/facts/HTML/sSc3fT78">HTML</a> file, in which exported data, the web player <a href="/facts/Graphical_user_interface/wBlQFWDP">GUI</a>, and the engine itself are packed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The HTML option is considered to be the simplest way.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The resulting file, which has a minimum size of 1 <a href="/facts/Megabyte/RBF4XpWb">MB</a>, can be embedded in a web page using a standard <a href="/facts/HTML_element/s4TKzjUP">iframe</a> <a href="/facts/HTML_element/s4TKzjUP">HTML element</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Blend4Web-powered web applications can be deployed on <a href="/facts/Social_networking_service/qFIh6VT1">social networking</a> websites such as <a href="/facts/Facebook/0IhXFR6u">Facebook</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>The Blend4Web <a href="/facts/Toolchain/SmlWCJhY">toolchain</a> consists of <a href="/facts/JavaScript_library/vjUJ5DGC">JavaScript libraries</a>, the Blender <a href="/facts/Plug-in_(computing)/351Du3Wu">add-on</a>, and a set of tools for <a href="/facts/Tweaking/JYIcz5zk">tweaking</a> 3D scene parameters, <a href="/facts/Debugging/QtdpPJT0">debugging</a>, and <a href="/facts/Program_optimization/nXz6RpRM">optimization</a>. </p><p>Developed by <a href="/facts/Moscow/XUU6VkdY">Moscow</a>-based company Triumph in 2010, Blend4Web was publicly released on March 28, 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>At the end of 2017, the project founders Yuri and Alex Kovelenov quit Triumph to start the development of a new <a href="/facts/WebGL/Avkp0Wb7">WebGL</a> framework <a href="/facts/Verge3D/VhB38rra">Verge3D</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>In October 2019, an "Absolutely new Blend4Web"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> was announced, planned to make developing 3D apps easier and to add a new marketplace where people can offer their <a href="/facts/3D_modeling/6V3Ry9AJ">3D models</a>. </p> <h2 id="features">Features</h2> <p>The framework has a number of components typically found in <a href="/facts/Game_engine/lojx7lTG">game engines</a>, including a <a href="/facts/3D_audio_effect/8McKzRPU">positional audio</a> system, <a href="/facts/Physics_engine/lAsEdSA4">physics engine</a> (a <a href="/facts/Fork_(software_development)/D6khxhpr">fork</a> of <a href="/facts/Bullet_(software)/jPb2WxWy">Bullet</a> <a href="/facts/Porting/7s6tFs8B">ported</a> to <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a>), <a href="/facts/Computer_animation/rPW63nm0">animation system</a>, and an <a href="/facts/Abstraction_(computer_science)/hAnxmJle">abstraction</a> layer for game logic programming.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>Up to 8 different types of animations can be assigned to a single object, including <a href="/facts/Skeletal_animation/Bab11dVJ">skeletal</a> and <a href="/facts/Morph_target_animation/98hm4lL2">per-vertex</a> animation. The speed and the direction of animation (forward/backward play), as well as <a href="/facts/Particle_system/Jftr3YAQ">particle system</a> parameters (size, initial velocity, and count), can be changed through the <a href="/facts/Application_programming_interface/GMlN4vUr">API</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>Among other supported features are: scene data <a href="/facts/Dynamic_loading/mJ9bcYuv">dynamic loading</a> and unloading, <a href="/facts/Subsurface_scattering/rJqYNFXe">subsurface scattering</a> simulation, and <a href="/facts/Image-based_lighting/dlQ28BYA">image-based lighting</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>Some out-of-box options exist for <a href="/facts/Rendering_(computer_graphics)/YYxfnmAq">rendering</a> extended outdoor environments, including foliage-wind interaction, water, atmosphere, and sunlight simulation. One example demonstrating these effects is "The Farm" <a href="/facts/Technology_demonstration/BTsD4fY5">tech demo</a>, which also features multiple animated <a href="/facts/Non-player_character/hg6vxMp5">NPCs</a> and the ability to walk, interact with objects and drive a vehicle in <a href="/facts/First-person_(video_games)/fvEfeqgs">first-person</a> mode.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>Being based on the <a href="/facts/Cross-browser/3pgytz0u">cross-browser</a> WebGL <a href="/facts/Application_programming_interface/GMlN4vUr">API</a>, Blend4Web runs in the majority<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> of <a href="/facts/Web_browser/2pfyymLs">web browsers</a>, including mobile ones.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> There are some caveats for browsers with experimental WebGL support, such as <a href="/facts/Internet_Explorer/uL8a4Y5l">Internet Explorer</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> There are also applications developed to run on <a href="/facts/Tizen/gNrC0mnG">Tizen</a>-powered devices such as the <a href="/facts/Samsung_Gear_S2/FBg8P4vt">Samsung Gear S2</a> smartwatch.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p><p>Other features include: draw call batching, <a href="/facts/Hidden_surface_determination/hk9dqmDE">hidden surface determination</a>, <a href="/facts/Thread_(computing)/hh8WHyPd">threaded</a> <a href="/facts/Dynamical_simulation/X8uaxJ4R">physics simulation</a> and ocean simulation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>In version 14.09, Blend4Web introduced the possibility of adding interactivity to 3D scenes using a <a href="/facts/Visual_programming_language/j0eyIPzU">visual programming</a> tool.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> The tool is reminiscent of the <a href="/facts/Blender_Game_Engine/4w9IFqqh">BGE</a>'s logic editor as it uses logic blocks that are placed inside Blender. It plays back animation tracks authored by an artist when the user interacts with predefined 3D objects.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>Since version 15.03, Blend4Web has supported attaching HTML elements (such as information windows) to 3D objects ("annotations") and copying objects in <a href="/facts/Run_time_(program_lifecycle_phase)/lCxKsrzB">run time</a> ("instancing").<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p><p>The following <a href="/facts/Video_post-processing/cDPyuE2W">post-processing</a> effects are supported: glow, <a href="/facts/Bloom_(shader_effect)/haIQqEwK">bloom</a>, <a href="/facts/Depth_of_field/xWo3J8b0">depth of field</a>, <a href="/facts/Crepuscular_rays/vvq2hC9e">crepuscular rays</a>, <a href="/facts/Motion_blur/y7jR2shk">motion blur</a>, and <a href="/facts/Screen_space_ambient_occlusion/P3GgkMXf">screen space ambient occlusion</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="virtual-reality-and-augmented-reality">Virtual reality and augmented reality</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Virtual_reality/0psDGsxT">Virtual reality</a> devices have been supported since the end of 2015. Specifically, <a href="/facts/Oculus_Rift/KPIkK62G">Oculus Rift</a> <a href="/facts/Head-mounted_display/Bb7H5FPa">head-mounted display</a> works over experimental <a href="/facts/WebVR/M0kMlWr0">WebVR</a> API.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p><p>The software also now includes preliminary support for <a href="/facts/Gamepad/WeNdbxjt">gamepads</a>, based on the Gamepad API.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p><p>In 2017, the option to author <a href="/facts/Augmented_reality/xQk3nd1z">augmented reality</a> content was added.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> The system is based on the open-source tracking library <a href="/facts/ARToolKit/1E9aCQaz">ARToolKit</a> and uses the <a href="/facts/WebRTC/Ph9R1k9R">WebRTC</a> protocols.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p><p>Starting from version 17.08, <a href="/facts/Finger_tracking/Q58b2ApH">finger tracking</a> is supported through the <a href="/facts/Leap_Motion/MjSyMhGp">Leap Motion</a> device.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="blender-integration">Blender integration</h2> <p>The Blender <a href="/facts/Plug-in_(computing)/351Du3Wu">add-on</a> is written in <a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a> and <a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a> and can be compiled for the <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> x86/x64, <a href="/facts/OS_X/Y93vVpTm">OS X</a> x64, and <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">MS Windows</a> x86/x64 <a href="/facts/Computing_platform/DmKwp5Bk">platforms</a>. </p><p>A Blend4Web-specific profile can be activated in the add-on settings. When switching to this profile, the Blender interface changes so that it only reveals settings relevant to Blend4Web.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p>Blend4Web supports a set of Blender-specific features such as the node material editor (a tool for visual <a href="/facts/Shader/qfhkKFwA">shader</a> programming)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> and the <a href="/facts/Particle_system/Jftr3YAQ">particle system</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> There is basic support for Blender's non-linear animation (NLA) editor for creating simple scenarios. </p><p>Blend4Web is based on Blender's real-time <a href="/facts/GLSL/5yQ3WqTA">GLSL</a> rendering engine, which users are recommended to use in order to enable <a href="/facts/WYSIWYG/aGmcHWpX">WYSIWYG</a> editing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="notable-uses">Notable uses</h2> <p><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> developed an interactive web application called <a href="/facts/Experience_Curiosity/cYXwgvRQ">Experience Curiosity</a> to celebrate the 3rd anniversary of the <a href="/facts/Curiosity_(rover)/mVLawAfA">Curiosity rover</a> landing on <a href="/facts/Mars/AQGtVvz0">Mars</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> This Blend4Web-based app<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> makes it possible to operate the rover, control its cameras and the <a href="/facts/Robotic_arm/hGezrM9c">robotic arm</a>, and reproduce some of the prominent events of the <a href="/facts/Mars_Science_Laboratory/yEARUMpM">Mars Science Laboratory</a> mission.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> The application got presented at the beginning of the WebGL section at <a href="/facts/SIGGRAPH/gmRKkIlG">SIGGRAPH</a> 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Experience_Curiosity/cYXwgvRQ">Experience Curiosity</a> was ported to <a href="/facts/Verge3D/VhB38rra">Verge3D</a> for Blender in 2018 with several performance improvements and bug fixes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p><p>A <a href="/facts/General_Motors/rBgP3IRK">General Motors</a> authorized dealer in the <a href="/facts/United_Arab_Emirates/o1bEjgbR">United Arab Emirates</a> has placed a functional <a href="/facts/Chevrolet_Camaro/EQAjQBT4">Chevrolet Camaro</a> 3D configurator on its website.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Greenpeace/nB8x6RJL">Greenpeace</a> created interactive 3D infographics to back Greenpeace's Detox campaign in Russia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Tallink/RPmoVzwr">Tallink</a> featured an interactive 3D presentation of its <a href="/facts/MS_Megastar/xcpqbr2C">MS Megastar</a> vessel to allow visitors to browse details of the ship.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Verge3D/VhB38rra">Verge3D</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Blender_(software)/yzuvB0fL">Blender</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/WebGL/Avkp0Wb7">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_WebGL_frameworks/KzzFPT5j">List of WebGL frameworks</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.blend4web.com">Official website</a> </li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Blend4Web: the Open Source Solution for Online 3D". Mozilla Hacks. 2014-10-07. Retrieved 2015-08-13. <a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/10/blend4web-the-open-source-solution-for-online-3d/" target="_blank">https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/10/blend4web-the-open-source-solution-for-online-3d/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Blend4Web on GitHub". GitHub.com/TriumphLLC. Retrieved 2014-08-11. <a href="https://github.com/TriumphLLC/Blend4Web" target="_blank">https://github.com/TriumphLLC/Blend4Web</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Прахов, Андрей (Июль, 2015). "Blend4Web". Linux Format, стр. 20. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Blend4Web, an Interactive 3D Viewer". BlenderNation.com. 11 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-11. <a href="http://www.blendernation.com/2014/07/11/blend4web-an-interactive-3d-viewer/" target="_blank">http://www.blendernation.com/2014/07/11/blend4web-an-interactive-3d-viewer/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Blend4Web: способ вставить 3D-содержание на веб-страницу с использованием WebGL" (in Russian). Belursus.info. Archived from the original on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-09-04. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626210953/http://belursus.info/index.php?c=s-blend4web" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150626210953/http://belursus.info/index.php?c=s-blend4web</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Blender Models in Facebook". Dalai Felinto. 2015-09-10. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-11. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122445/http://www.dalaifelinto.com/?p=1078" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122445/http://www.dalaifelinto.com/?p=1078</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Blend4Web Official Site - About". Blend4Web.com. Retrieved 2015-08-13. <a href="https://www.blend4web.com/en/about/" target="_blank">https://www.blend4web.com/en/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Starting up". Soft8Soft. 5 October 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-23. <a href="https://www.soft8soft.com/starting-up/" target="_blank">https://www.soft8soft.com/starting-up/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"New Blend4Web". Blend4Web. Archived from the original on 2021-02-25. Retrieved 2021-03-07. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225080032/https://www.blend4web.com/en/community/article/414/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20210225080032/https://www.blend4web.com/en/community/article/414/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Представлен Blend4Web, движок для создания браузерных 3D-приложений". OpenNet.ru. Retrieved 2015-06-18. <a href="http://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=39506" target="_blank">http://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=39506</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Релиз движка для создания браузерных 3D-приложений Blend4Web 14.08". OpenNet.ru. Retrieved 2015-08-13. <a href="http://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=40457" target="_blank">http://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=40457</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Blend4Web update adds improved lighting and more". BlenderNation.com. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-13. <a href="http://www.blendernation.com/2014/07/25/blend4web-update-adds-improved-lighting-and-more/" target="_blank">http://www.blendernation.com/2014/07/25/blend4web-update-adds-improved-lighting-and-more/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Blend4Web: "The Farm" - Demo einer kleinen virtuellen Welt". Echt Virtuell. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-18. <a href="http://echtvirtuell.blogspot.de/2014/09/blend4web-farm-demo-einer-kleine.html" target="_blank">http://echtvirtuell.blogspot.de/2014/09/blend4web-farm-demo-einer-kleine.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Can I use WebGL?". caniuse.com. Retrieved 2014-08-15. <a href="http://caniuse.com/webgl" target="_blank">http://caniuse.com/webgl</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"HTML5, the 3D Web, and the Death of Plugins". 3dspace.com. Archived from the original on 2016-02-15. Retrieved 2016-02-18. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160215223613/http://3dspace.com/2016/02/html5-the-3d-web-and-the-death-of-plugins/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160215223613/http://3dspace.com/2016/02/html5-the-3d-web-and-the-death-of-plugins/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Blend4Web: енджин за създаване на браузърни 3D сцени и приложения". Kaldata: Software, Hardware and Game Reviews. 7 April 2014. 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