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CORA dataset
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<h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p>This <a href="/facts/In-situ/YolKlaCC">in-situ</a> dataset produced by the French institute <a href="/facts/Ifremer/Tm7VHzNB">Ifremer</a> in the framework of the European project <a href="/facts/MyOcean/0u9Wm66Y">MyOcean</a> and French project CORIOLIS is a picture of the content of the operational oceanographic database <a href="/facts/Coriolis_(project)/ArBudHGd">CORIOLIS</a>. This database is the main tool of <a href="/facts/Coriolis_(project)/ArBudHGd">Coriolis project</a> which is a global data assembly center of in situ data: such as <a href="https://archive.today/20130416074619/http://www.usgodae.org/">US-GODAE</a> centre of <a href="/facts/Monterey/ssUz4gN8">Monterey</a> in <a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a>. The latest version of CORA product is v5.0, it covers the years 1950 up to 2015 and has been released in April 2017. Observations are profiles distributed on measured levels (pressure or depth) and organized by dates of measurement and type of platform. Main users of CORA dataset are ocean modelers who needs to constraint and initialize their model. CORA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> is free of access and can be download via CORIOLIS website<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> in <a href="/facts/NetCDF/DUwTEW7n">netCDF</a> file format. The main different of CORA dataset with other available datasets is that CORA provides data at depth levels where measurements were made rather than at standard levels such as in <a href="/facts/World_Ocean_Atlas/31dMgCGu">World Ocean Atlas</a> or <a href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/en3/">ENACT3</a>. In addition data in CORA are retrieved from Coriolis database where each profile is visually checked by specialist operators if suspicious. </p> <h2 id="validation-procedure">Validation procedure</h2> <h3>Validation in database</h3> <ul><li>duplicate observation check</li> <li>automatic checks (spikes, climatology, monotonic depth, valid date/position,...)</li> <li>objective analysis (ISAS software with 21 days, 300 km covariance ray): suspicious observations are visualized by an operator</li></ul> <h3>Validation post extraction</h3> <ul><li>second duplicate observation check (detection and choice parameters tuned)</li> <li>refined climatological test</li> <li><a href="/facts/Expendable_bathythermograph/7jQP5QAT">XBT</a> depth correction<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li>second objective analysis with tuned parameters: anomalies are visualized</li> <li><a href="/facts/Argo_(oceanography)/RJ2Ju3cP">ARGO</a> special diagnostics</li></ul> <h2 id="data-sources">Data sources</h2> <p>The CORA dataset is designed for operational oceanography, so most global real time monitoring networks are plugged into this database. The data sources are the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Argo_(oceanography)/RJ2Ju3cP">ARGO</a> (autonomous drifting profilers)</li> <li>The global network of moored buoys comprising the <a href="/facts/Tropical_Atmosphere_Ocean_project/QKHLFysy">TAO/TRITON</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Prediction_and_Research_Moored_Array_in_the_Atlantic/GeG8knNa">PIRATA</a> and <a href="/facts/Research_Moored_Array_for_African-Asian-Australian_Monsoon_Analysis_and_Prediction/kwNFLtVF">RAMA</a> arrays</li> <li>EGO (<a href="/facts/Underwater_gliders/sLLBRBrD">underwater gliders</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/GTSPP/6xMxWhbs">GTSPP</a> (channel of real-time data distribution maintained by the US institute <a href="/facts/NOAA/IvcuqNJg">NOAA</a>)</li> <li>GOSUD<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Thermosalinograph/tzL1Bl1m">thermosalinograph</a> data coming from opportunity ships</li> <li><a href="/facts/GTSPP/6xMxWhbs">GTS</a> (BATHY, TESSAC, drifting buoys messages) channel of low resolution data distribution</li> <li>Sea mammals equipped with sensors (<a href="/facts/Pinniped/8ya4Lzek">seals</a> and sea elephants)</li> <li>other datasets integrated in delayed-time (<a href="/facts/Conductivity,_temperature,_depth/6SIDLetS">CTD</a>, <a href="/facts/Expendable_bathythermograph/7jQP5QAT">XBT</a>, oceanographic cruises,...)</li></ul> <h2 id="versions">Versions</h2> official versions of CORA product<table><tbody><tr><td></td><th scope="col">Date of release</th><th scope="col">Time span</th><th scope="col">Comments</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">CORA1.0</th><td>2007</td><td>2002-2006</td><td>Beta version of the dataset, full years extracted</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">CORA2.2</th><td>2009</td><td>1990-2008</td><td>Add of validation procedures (climatological checks) and gridding of the data</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">CORA3.1</th><td>2010</td><td>1990-2009</td><td>Full years updated + 2009 added</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">CORA3.2</th><td>2011</td><td>1990-2010</td><td>Add of validation procedures (duplicate check, XBT depth correction) integration of sea mammals data, automatisation of the update procedure</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">CORA3.3</th><td>2012</td><td>1990-2011</td><td>Article<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> submitted to Ocean Science review, add of year 2011, completion of anomalies feedback from <a href="/facts/Objective_analysis/nbUpe5Bp">objective analysis</a> towards CORA dataset and <a href="/facts/Coriolis_(project)/ArBudHGd">Coriolis</a> database.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">CORA3.4</th><td>2013</td><td>1990-2011</td><td>New ICES CTD data added</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">CORA4.0</th><td>2014</td><td>1990-2012</td><td>Update of profiles and addition of Time series from drifters, ferrybox, profilers.</td></tr><tr><th>CORA4.1</th><td>2015</td><td>1950-1989 (Extraction from EN4), 1990-2013</td><td>Addition of TSG data, delayed mode sea mammals and surface drifters + Integration of XBT and CTD from EN4</td></tr><tr><th>CORA4.2</th><td>2016</td><td>1950-1989 (Extraction from EN4), 1990-2014</td><td>Inclusion of 2,4 million profiles from the SHOM (Service Hydrographique de la Marine), mostly of XBTs CTDs and MBTs from 1950 to 2009</td></tr><tr><th>CORA5.0</th><td>2017</td><td>1950-2015</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.coriolis.eu.org/">official website of CORIOLIS project</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920071646/http://www.myocean.eu.org/">official website of MyOcean project</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>http://www.coriolis.eu.org/content/download/10987/73170/file/CORA3_UserManual.pdf [bare URL PDF] <a href="http://www.coriolis.eu.org/content/download/10987/73170/file/CORA3_UserManual.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.coriolis.eu.org/content/download/10987/73170/file/CORA3_UserManual.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Data and Products - Coriolis : In situ data for operational oceanography". Archived from the original on 2012-10-05. Retrieved 2012-09-26. official website of CORIOLIS project <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121005032529/http://www.coriolis.eu.org/Science/Data-and-Products" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121005032529/http://www.coriolis.eu.org/Science/Data-and-Products</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Hamon, M.; Reverdin, G.; Le Traon, P.-Y. (2012). "Empirical Correction of XBT Data". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 29 (7): 960–973. Bibcode:2012JAtOT..29..960H. doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00129.1. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2FJTECH-D-11-00129.1" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1175%2FJTECH-D-11-00129.1</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array". <a href="http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/" target="_blank">http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>http://www.gosud.org/ GOSUD Website> <a href="http://www.gosud.org/" target="_blank">http://www.gosud.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Cabanes, C.; Grouazel, A.; von Schuckmann, K.; Hamon, M.; Turpin, V.; Coatanoan, C.; Paris, F.; Guinehut, S.; Boone, C.; Ferry, N.; De Boyer Montégut, C.; Carval, T.; Reverdin, G.; Pouliquen, S.; Le Traon, P.-Y. (2013). "The CORA dataset: validation and diagnostics of in-situ ocean temperature and salinity measurements". Ocean Science. 9 (1): 1–18. Bibcode:2013OcSci...9....1C. doi:10.5194/os-9-1-2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fos-9-1-2013" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fos-9-1-2013</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>