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Red Beard
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<h2 id="plot">Plot</h2> <p>The young and arrogant doctor Noboru Yasumoto, trained in a Dutch medical school in <a href="/facts/Nagasaki/5HMR4mnp">Nagasaki</a>, aspires to the status of personal physician of the <a href="/facts/Shogunate/o48NL6Rc">Shogunate</a>, a position currently held by a close relative, and expects to progress through the privileged and insulated army structure of medical education. However, for Yasumoto's post-graduate medical training, he is assigned to a rural clinic under the guidance of Dr. Kyojō Niide, known as <i>Akahige</i> ("Red Beard"). Beneath a gruff exterior, Niide is a compassionate and wise clinic director. </p><p>Yasumoto is initially livid at his posting, believing that he has little to gain from working under Niide. He assumes that Niide is only interested in seeing Yasumoto's medical notes from Nagasaki, and he rebels against the clinic director. He refuses to see patients or to wear his uniform, disdains the food and spartan environment, and enters a forbidden garden where he meets "The Mantis", a mysterious patient that only Niide can treat. Meanwhile, we learn that Yasumoto's former fiancée, Chigusa, was unfaithful to him, ending their engagement, and generating a disdain in him for romantic relationships. </p><p>As Yasumoto struggles to come to terms with his situation, the film tells the story of a few of the clinic's patients. One of them is Rokusuke, a dying man whom Niide discerns is troubled by a secret misery that is only revealed when his desperately unhappy daughter shows up. Another is Sahachi, a well-loved man of the town known for his generosity to his neighbours, who has a tragic connection to his wife, whose corpse is discovered after a landslide. After committing bigamy, she had him unknowingly kill her by asking that he "hold me closer" while hugging, as she surreptitiously held a knife to herself. Niide brings Yasumoto along to rescue a sick twelve-year-old girl, Otoyo, from a brothel (brutally fighting off a local gang of thugs in the process) and then assigns the girl to Yasumoto as his first patient. Through these experiences, Yasumoto begins to humble himself and open his eyes to the world around him. </p><p>When Yasumoto himself falls ill, Niide asks Otoyo to nurse him back to health, knowing that caring for Yasumoto will also be part of her own continued healing. Chigusa's younger sister, Masae, visits the clinic to check in on Yasumoto, telling him that his mother is sick and wants him to visit. Through his mother, Yasumoto learns that Chigusa now has a child with her new lover. Masae later makes a kimono for Otoyo and Yasumoto's mother suggests he marry Masae. </p><p>Yasumoto begins to understand the magnitude of cruelty and suffering around him, as well as his power to ease that suffering, and learns to regret his vanity and selfishness. </p><p>Later, when a local boy, Chōbu, is caught stealing food from the clinic, Otoyo shows him compassion and befriends him, passing on the compassion she received from Niide and Yasumoto. When the brothel's madam comes to the clinic to claim Otoyo and take her back to the brothel, the doctors and clinic staff refuse to let Otoyo go, and chase the madam away. When Chōbu and his destitute family try to escape their misery by taking poison together, the clinic doctors work to save them. </p><p>Yasumoto is offered the position of personal physician to the Shogunate he had so coveted. He agrees to marry Masae, but at the wedding announces that he will not accept the new position, but will stay at the clinic, turning down a comfortable and prestigious place in society to continue serving the poor alongside Niide. Surprised by his decision and advising him against it, Niide eventually gives in. </p> <h2 id="cast">Cast</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Toshiro_Mifune/ghy2pHHr">Toshiro Mifune</a> as Dr. Kyojō Niide also known as "Red Beard", a rough-tempered yet charitable town doctor and <a href="/facts/Japanese_martial_arts/xJJpr0aR">martial artist</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Y%25C5%25ABz%25C5%258D_Kayama/mpgx7DkW">Yūzō Kayama</a> as Dr. Noboru Yasumoto</li> <li><a href="/facts/Tsutomu_Yamazaki/6e6Nbu3E">Tsutomu Yamazaki</a> as Sahachi</li> <li><a href="/facts/Reiko_Dan/S4gwlpb4">Reiko Dan</a> as Osugi, a nurse</li> <li>Miyuki Kuwano as Onaka</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ky%25C5%258Dko_Kagawa/xA6jAA86">Kyōko Kagawa</a> as "The Mantis", a madwoman</li> <li>Tatsuyoshi Ehara as Genzo Tsugawa</li> <li><a href="/facts/Terumi_Niki/kFpNWkCe">Terumi Niki</a> as Otoyo</li> <li><a href="/facts/Akemi_Negishi/CY1RACRU">Akemi Negishi</a> as Okuni</li> <li>Yoshitaka Zushi as Chōbu</li> <li><a href="/facts/Yoshio_Tsuchiya/uDlGHumD">Yoshio Tsuchiya</a> as Dr. Handayu Mori</li> <li><a href="/facts/Eijir%25C5%258D_T%25C5%258Dno/T6NqHq3j">Eijirō Tōno</a> as Goheiji</li> <li><a href="/facts/Takashi_Shimura/5TkIETUY">Takashi Shimura</a> as Tokubei Izumiya</li> <li><a href="/facts/Chish%25C5%25AB_Ry%25C5%25AB/u1wayfVb">Chishū Ryū</a> as Yasumoto's father</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kinuyo_Tanaka/zf5sAPu3">Kinuyo Tanaka</a> as Yasumoto's mother</li> <li><a href="/facts/K%25C5%258Dji_Mitsui/pt9EvuSK">Kōji Mitsui</a> as Heikichi</li> <li><a href="/facts/Haruko_Sugimura/fTcnhCXe">Haruko Sugimura</a> as Kin, the madam of a local brothel</li></ul> <p>Cast taken from <a href="/facts/The_Criterion_Collection/KbDrlDdS">The Criterion Collection</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="production">Production</h2> <h3>Writing</h3> <p>After finishing <i><a href="/facts/High_and_Low_(1963_film)/Ytvn2qU3">High and Low</a></i> (1963), director <a href="/facts/Akira_Kurosawa/GynWHQdz">Akira Kurosawa</a> accidentally picked up <a href="/facts/Sh%25C5%25ABgor%25C5%258D_Yamamoto/h2E5jg9L">Shūgorō Yamamoto</a>'s 1959 novel <i>Akahige Shinryōtan</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Although he initially believed it would make a good script for fellow director Hiromichi Horikawa, Kurosawa became so interested in it as he wrote, that he knew he would have to direct it himself.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> Kurosawa completed writing the script for the film in early July 1963, which he co-wrote with screenwriters <a href="/facts/Masato_Ide/VES53xwz">Masato Ide</a>, <a href="/facts/Hideo_Oguni/7xD0eXNf">Hideo Oguni</a>, and <a href="/facts/Ry%25C5%25ABz%25C5%258D_Kikushima/x5Q4KkPV">Ryūzō Kikushima</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Kurosawa noted that the script was quite different from the book, specifically mentioning how the young girl main character was not in Yamamoto's novel. With this character, Kurosawa tried to show what <a href="/facts/Fyodor_Dostoevsky/cbQ5REbv">Fyodor Dostoevsky</a> showed using the character Nellie in <i><a href="/facts/Humiliated_and_Insulted/TsMGg1he">Humiliated and Insulted</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h3>Filming</h3> <p>Principal photography began on December 21, 1963,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> and wrapped up two years later.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Kurosawa got sick twice during filming, while actors <a href="/facts/Toshiro_Mifune/ghy2pHHr">Toshiro Mifune</a> and <a href="/facts/Y%25C5%25ABz%25C5%258D_Kayama/mpgx7DkW">Yūzō Kayama</a> fell ill once each.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Mifune would never again work with Kurosawa because the director's increasingly long production schedules required Mifune to turn down too many other TV and movie offers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> The set was intended to be as realistic and historically accurate as possible.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Film historian <a href="/facts/Donald_Richie/d2hes2mE">Donald Richie</a> wrote that the main set was an entire town with back alleys and side streets, some of which were never even filmed. The materials used were actually about as old as they were supposed to be, with the tiled roofs taken from buildings more than a century old and all of the lumber taken from the oldest available farmhouses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Costumes and props were "aged" for months before being used; the bedding (made in Tokugawa-period patterns) was actually slept in for up to half a year before shooting. The wood used for the main gate was over a hundred years old, and after filming, it was re-erected at the entrance to the theater that hosted <i>Red Beard</i>'s premiere.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>Richie wrote that one could argue that Kurosawa "completely wasted his million yen set," as the main street is seen for only one minute (although its destruction was incorporated into the earthquake scene). Likewise, the scenes with the bridges and those in the elaborately constructed paddy are also rather brief. However, tourist bus companies did run tours through the set during the two years it took to make <i>Red Beard</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p><p>According to <a href="/facts/Stephen_Prince/cb6dtyFF">Stephen Prince</a>'s audio commentary on <a href="/facts/The_Criterion_Collection/KbDrlDdS">the Criterion Collection</a>'s 2002 DVD, the film was shot at an <a href="/facts/Aspect_ratio_(image)/I3vbqVl3">aspect ratio</a> of 2.35:1, and was Kurosawa's first film to use a magnetic 4-track <a href="/facts/Stereo/mFp93LMe">stereo</a> soundtrack.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="release">Release</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Toho/uKLDF4vP">Toho</a> was originally slated to release <i>Red Beard</i> during the New Year's holiday season, but it was delayed,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> forcing producer <a href="/facts/Tomoyuki_Tanaka/1AM1kKbX">Tomoyuki Tanaka</a> to produce <i><a href="/facts/Ghidorah%2c_the_Three-Headed_Monster/1vRzR2yp">Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster</a></i>, instead.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> The film was eventually given a <a href="/facts/Roadshow_theatrical_release/tIVjtjoN">roadshow theatrical release</a> in Japan by Toho on April 3, 1965, and was released throughout Japan on April 24, 1965.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> The film earned ¥400 million,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> with ¥361.59 million in <a href="/facts/Distributor_rental/jRSPtCsg">distributor rental</a> earnings,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> making it was one of the <a href="/facts/List_of_highest-grossing_Japanese_films/4o1H53dW">highest-grossing Japanese films</a> of 1965.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> Toho International released the film to theaters in the United States with English subtitles in January 1966, and it was reissued by Frank Lee International in December 1968.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> In 1978, the film received a theatrical release in France, and sold 200,402 tickets during its theatrical run.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> The film was screened at the <a href="/facts/72nd_Venice_International_Film_Festival/P6G5UWHD">72nd Venice International Film Festival</a> in 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p>In 1992, the film was released in the United States on <a href="/facts/LaserDisc/nU4WJhDM">LaserDisc</a> by <a href="/facts/The_Criterion_Collection/KbDrlDdS">The Criterion Collection</a>, and on <a href="/facts/VHS/aN1lffdC">VHS</a> by <a href="/facts/Media_Home_Entertainment/oGy9NlV2">Media Home Entertainment</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> The Criterion Collection released the film on DVD in the United States on July 16, 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> Toho released the film on DVD in Japan on November 21, 2002 and reissued it on February 18, 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> In 2003, BFI released 'Red Beard' on a Region 2 DVD, with English subtitles. Their copy comes in a box with extensive sleeve notes. In 2014, <a href="/facts/Madman_Entertainment/nFmKQ7GH">Madman Entertainment</a> distributed the film on DVD in Region 4.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="reception">Reception</h2> <h3>Critical reception</h3> <p>On the <a href="/facts/Review_aggregator/EpyYjDP6">review aggregator</a> website <a href="/facts/Rotten_Tomatoes/rLs7ktSY">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, 75% of 16 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7.50/10.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> The film has a score of 4.2/5 on Eiga.com, based on 41 reviews, with 56% of reviewers giving it a 5/5.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Metacritic/Wve8EJFd">Metacritic</a>, which uses a <a href="/facts/Weighted_arithmetic_mean/VHyJfPxb">weighted average</a>, assigned the film a score of 90 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p><p>The film opened to highly positive reviews in Japan, with many calling it one of Kurosawa's best films, and winning the <a href="/facts/Kinema_Junpo_Award_for_Best_Film_of_the_Year/EnhuULLb">Best Film</a> award by the Japanese film magazine <i><a href="/facts/Kinema_Junpo/seJpNGe8">Kinema Junpo</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> However, the film received a mixed response from Western audiences; while it was a box-office success in Japan, it performed poorly abroad.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Roger_Ebert/ogYo6zQj">Roger Ebert</a> gave the film four stars in a review dated December 26, 1969, writing "<a href="/facts/Akira_Kurosawa/GynWHQdz">Akira Kurosawa</a>'s <i>Red Beard</i> is assembled with the complexity and depth of a good 19th century novel, and it's a pleasure, in a time of stylishly fragmented films, to watch a director taking the time to fully develop his characters."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> Michael Sragow of <i>The New Yorker</i> wrote "This 1965 film, the last of Akira Kurosawa's collaboration with <a href="/facts/Toshiro_Mifune/ghy2pHHr">Toshiro Mifune</a>, is often derided as a soap opera. But the story of a grizzled nineteenth-century doctor nicknamed Red Beard (Mifune) and his green physician (<a href="/facts/Y%25C5%25ABz%25C5%258D_Kayama/mpgx7DkW">Yuzo Kayama</a>) who learns human medical values from him is actually a masterpiece."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> </p> <h3>Accolades</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Award</th><th>Year</th><th>Category</th><th>Recipient(s)</th><th>Result</th><th>Ref(s)</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/Venice_Film_Festival/ItsBLlQQ">Venice International Film Festival Awards</a></td><td rowspan="4">1965</td><td><a href="/facts/Golden_Lion/PeFfpXGU">Golden Lion</a></td><td></td><td>Nominated</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Volpi_Cup_for_Best_Actor/wlESKAY7">Volpi Cup for Best Actor</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Toshiro_Mifune/ghy2pHHr">Toshiro Mifune</a></td><td>Won</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>San Giorgio Prize</td><td></td><td>Won</td><td rowspan="2"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>International Catholic Film Secretariat Award</td><td></td><td>Won</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Golden_Globe_Awards/1v50C2Tb">Golden Globe Awards</a></td><td>1965</td><td><a href="/facts/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film/334X27Ph">Best Foreign Language Film</a></td><td></td><td>Nominated</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Moscow_International_Film_Festival/Auq6jLXB">Moscow International Film Festival Awards</a></td><td>1965</td><td>Soviet Filmmakers Alliance Award</td><td></td><td>Won</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Blue_Ribbon_Awards/IkkH5grz">Blue Ribbon Awards</a></td><td rowspan="3">1965</td><td>Best Picture</td><td></td><td>Won</td><td rowspan="3"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Best Actor</td><td>Toshiro Mifune</td><td>Won</td></tr><tr><td>Supporting Actress</td><td><a href="/facts/Terumi_Niki/kFpNWkCe">Terumi Niki</a></td><td>Won</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Fotogramas_de_Plata/KNFGj8mB">Silver Frames Awards</a></td><td>1967</td><td>Foreign Film Actor Award</td><td>Toshiro Mifune</td><td>Won</td><td rowspan="4"><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Mainichi_Film_Awards/hXk8W7Mv">Mainichi Film Awards</a></td><td rowspan="2">1980</td><td>Japan Film Awards</td><td></td><td>Won</td></tr><tr><td>Starring Actor Award</td><td>Toshiro Mifune</td><td>Won</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kinema_Junpo/seJpNGe8">Kinema Junpo Awards</a></td><td>1980</td><td>Japan Film Director Award</td><td><a href="/facts/Akira_Kurosawa/GynWHQdz">Akira Kurosawa</a></td><td>Won</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Sources</h3> <ul><li>Conrad, David A. (2022). <i>Akira Kurosawa and Modern Japan</i>. <a href="/facts/McFarland_%2526_Company/UGcW6D1h">McFarland & Company</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1476686745.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Stuart_Galbraith_IV/SpChgeMw">Galbraith IV, Stuart</a> (2002). <a href="https://archive.org/details/emperorwolf00galb"><i>The Emperor and the Wolf: The Lives and Films of Akira Kurosawa and Toshiro Mifune</i></a>. <a href="/facts/Faber_and_Faber%2c_Inc./CPvre283">Faber and Faber, Inc.</a> <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-571-19982-2.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Stuart_Galbraith_IV/SpChgeMw">Galbraith IV, Stuart</a> (2008). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f7o8pq6G_dYC&pg=PA106"><i>The Toho Studios Story: A History and Complete Filmography</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781461673743.</li> <li>Kalat, David (2007). <i>A Critical History and Filmography of Toho's Godzilla Series</i>. <a href="/facts/McFarland_%2526_Company/UGcW6D1h">McFarland & Company</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0786430994.</li> <li><i>Akira Kurosawa</i> (in Japanese). <a href="/facts/Kawade_Shob%25C5%258D_Shinsha/NdNa9q7d">Kawade Shobō Shinsha</a>. December 1998. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9784309975672.</li> <li>"Kinema Junpo Best Ten 85th Complete History 1924-2011". <i><a href="/facts/Kinema_Junpo/seJpNGe8">Kinema Junpo</a></i> (in Japanese). Kinema Junposha. May 17, 2012. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9784873767550.</li> <li>"Kinema Junpo Issues 935-938". <i><a href="/facts/Kinema_Junpo/seJpNGe8">Kinema Junpo</a></i> (in Japanese). Kinema Junposha. 1986.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Leonard_Maltin/s5P9WFYy">Maltin, Leonard</a> (September 2, 2014). <a href="https://archive.org/details/leonardmaltinsmo0000unse_r6m5"><i>Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide</i></a>. New York: <a href="/facts/Penguin_Group/smLs3pup">Penguin Group</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0451468499.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Scott_Allen_Nollen/MVGG3nxf">Nollen, Scott Allen</a> (March 14, 2019). <i>Takashi Shimura: Chameleon of Japanese Cinema</i>. <a href="/facts/McFarland_%2526_Company/UGcW6D1h">McFarland & Company</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-4766-3569-9.</li> <li>Ryfle, Steve; Godziszewski, Ed (2017). <a href="https://archive.org/details/ishiro-honda-a-life-in-film-from-godzilla-to-kurosawa"><i>Ishiro Honda: A Life in Film, from Godzilla to Kurosawa</i></a>. <a href="/facts/Wesleyan_University_Press/jh6zlo1y">Wesleyan University Press</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780819570871.</li> <li>Tsuzuki, Masaaki (2010). <i>The Complete Works and Life of Akira Kurosawa</i> (in Japanese). <a href="/facts/Iwanami_Shoten/wSs6U9cw">Iwanami Shoten</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9784487804344.</li> <li>Tsuzuki, Masaaki (1980). <i>To Live: The World of Akira Kurosawa</i> (in Japanese). Marujusha. <a href="/facts/ASIN_(identifier)/twP2MtLk">ASIN</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000J840BS">B000J840BS</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0058888/"><i>Red Beard</i></a> at <a href="/facts/IMDb_(identifier)/uWrqVYVy">IMDb</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/87826/enwp"><i>Red Beard</i></a> at the <a href="/facts/Turner_Classic_Movies/0qS5jr3H">TCM Movie Database</a></li> <li><i><a href="http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1965/co000980.htm">Red Beard</a></i> (in Japanese) at the <a href="/facts/Japanese_Movie_Database/4Q2fsJcu">Japanese Movie Database</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/red_beard"><i>Red Beard</i></a> at <a href="/facts/Rotten_Tomatoes/rLs7ktSY">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Sragow, Michael. "Red Beard". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved April 23, 2022. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sragow" target="_blank">/wiki/Michael_Sragow</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Galbraith IV 2008, p. 219. - Galbraith IV, Stuart (2008). The Toho Studios Story: A History and Complete Filmography. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9781461673743. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f7o8pq6G_dYC&pg=PA106" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=f7o8pq6G_dYC&pg=PA106</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Prince, Stephen (2002). Red Beard Audio Commentary (DVD). The Criterion Collection. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Prince" target="_blank">/wiki/Stephen_Prince</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Redbeard". fiff.ch. Fribourg International Film Festival. Archived from the original on April 25, 2022. 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Retrieved November 28, 2020. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Richie" target="_blank">/wiki/Donald_Richie</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Richie, Donald (November 19, 1989). "Red Beard". The Criterion Collection. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2020. <a href="/wiki/Donald_Richie" target="_blank">/wiki/Donald_Richie</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Galbraith IV 2002, p. 374. - Galbraith IV, Stuart (2002). The Emperor and the Wolf: The Lives and Films of Akira Kurosawa and Toshiro Mifune. Faber and Faber, Inc. ISBN 978-0-571-19982-2. <a href="https://archive.org/details/emperorwolf00galb" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/emperorwolf00galb</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Richie, Donald (November 19, 1989). "Red Beard". The Criterion Collection. Archived from the original on April 19, 2021. 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