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Pyxis
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>In ancient <a href="/facts/Chinese_astronomy/o84DLtYR">Chinese astronomy</a>, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Pyxidis formed part of <i>Tianmiao</i>, a celestial temple honouring the ancestors of the emperor, along with stars from neighbouring <a href="/facts/Antlia/qNToMV1P">Antlia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>The French astronomer <a href="/facts/Nicolas-Louis_de_Lacaille/zsd0KHzw">Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille</a> first described the <a href="/facts/Constellation/nBQqgW8A">constellation</a> in French as <i>la Boussole</i> (the Marine Compass) in 1752,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> after he had observed and catalogued almost 10,000 southern stars during a two-year stay at the <a href="/facts/Cape_of_Good_Hope/2gvK5uwP">Cape of Good Hope</a>. He devised fourteen new constellations in uncharted regions of the <a href="/facts/Southern_Celestial_Hemisphere/PP2aeueF">Southern Celestial Hemisphere</a> not visible from Europe. All but one honoured instruments that symbolised the <a href="/facts/Age_of_Enlightenment/Uj2Fa8Mk">Age of Enlightenment</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Lacaille Latinised the name to <i>Pixis</i> [sic] <i>Nautica</i> on his 1763 chart.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The Ancient Greeks identified the four main stars of Pyxis as the mast of the mythological <a href="/facts/Jason/UfhGtQkd">Jason</a>'s ship, <i><a href="/facts/Argo_Navis/pAspGh4g">Argo Navis</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>German astronomer <a href="/facts/Johann_Elert_Bode/32lyc9wP">Johann Bode</a> defined the constellation Lochium Funis, the Log and Line—a nautical device once used for measuring speed and distance travelled at sea—around Pyxis in his 1801 star atlas, but the depiction did not survive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> In 1844 <a href="/facts/John_Herschel/Hcg9pFEp">John Herschel</a> attempted to resurrect the classical configuration of Argo Navis by renaming it Malus the Mast, a suggestion followed by <a href="/facts/Francis_Baily/xNIlLAzn">Francis Baily</a>, but <a href="/facts/Benjamin_Apthorp_Gould/l7lXNmj9">Benjamin Gould</a> restored Lacaille's nomenclature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> For instance, <a href="/facts/Alpha_Pyxidis/2urBhFVW">Alpha Pyxidis</a> is referenced as α Mali in an old catalog of the <a href="/facts/United_States_Naval_Observatory/81pxwM2R">United States Naval Observatory</a> (star 3766, page 97).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="characteristics">Characteristics</h2> <p>Covering 220.8 square degrees and hence 0.535% of the sky, Pyxis ranks 65th of the <a href="/facts/88_modern_constellations/8BtL6SRA">88 modern constellations</a> by area.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> Its position in the <a href="/facts/Southern_Celestial_Hemisphere/PP2aeueF">Southern Celestial Hemisphere</a> means that the whole constellation is visible to observers south of <a href="/facts/52nd_parallel_north/nAa6MFPG">52°N</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> It is most visible in the evening sky in February and March.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> A small constellation, it is bordered by <a href="/facts/Hydra_(constellation)/71YLVls1">Hydra</a> to the north, <a href="/facts/Puppis/sHlCP1ek">Puppis</a> to the west, <a href="/facts/Vela_(constellation)/sRxGnXAE">Vela</a> to the south, and Antlia to the east. The three-letter abbreviation for the constellation, as adopted by the <a href="/facts/International_Astronomical_Union/GMFPImXo">International Astronomical Union</a> in 1922, is "Pyx".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> The official constellation boundaries, as set by Belgian astronomer <a href="/facts/Eug%C3%A8ne_Joseph_Delporte/IBCIUGgl">Eugène Delporte</a> in 1930, are defined by a <a href="/facts/Polygon/yAq7RjPz">polygon</a> of eight sides (<i>illustrated in infobox</i>). In the <a href="/facts/Equatorial_coordinate_system/dn5W4Eoo">equatorial coordinate system</a>, the <a href="/facts/Right_ascension/z4CEsTFu">right ascension</a> coordinates of these borders lie between 8h 27.7m and 9h 27.6m , while the <a href="/facts/Declination/5X4S4k9u">declination</a> coordinates are between −17.41° and −37.29°.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="features">Features</h2> <h3>Stars</h3> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/List_of_stars_in_Pyxis/fzTRDA0L">List of stars in Pyxis</a></p> <p>Lacaille gave <a href="/facts/Bayer_designation/KU2DVT47">Bayer designations</a> to ten stars now named Alpha to Lambda Pyxidis, skipping the Greek letters iota and kappa. Although a nautical element, the constellation was not an integral part of the old Argo Navis and hence did not share in the original Bayer designations of that constellation, which were split between Carina, Vela and Puppis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> Pyxis is a faint constellation, its three brightest stars—<a href="/facts/Alpha_Pyxidis/2urBhFVW">Alpha</a>, <a href="/facts/Beta_Pyxidis/AxyS4Xkw">Beta</a> and <a href="/facts/Gamma_Pyxidis/njKMyxlF">Gamma Pyxidis</a>—forming a rough line.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> Overall, there are 41 stars within the constellation's borders with <a href="/facts/Apparent_magnitude/7pCTF1Me">apparent magnitudes</a> brighter than or equal to 6.5.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>With an apparent magnitude of 3.68, Alpha Pyxidis is the brightest star in the constellation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Located 880 ± 30 <a href="/facts/Light-year/IGc5NdQb">light-years</a> distant from Earth,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> it is a blue-white <a href="/facts/Giant_star/kMseY7qf">giant star</a> of spectral type B1.5III that is around 22,000 times as <a href="/facts/Luminosity/1tdhpk9l">luminous</a> as the <a href="/facts/Sun/CadPCVHh">Sun</a> and has 9.4 ± 0.7 times its diameter. It began life with a mass 12.1 ± 0.6 times that of the Sun, almost 15 million years ago.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> Its light is dimmed by 30% due to <a href="/facts/Cosmic_dust/Uy6hlL29">interstellar dust</a>, so would have a brighter magnitude of 3.31 if not for this.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> The second brightest star at magnitude 3.97 is Beta Pyxidis, a yellow <a href="/facts/Bright_giant/qH3X0fuw">bright giant</a> or <a href="/facts/Supergiant/y7w8WEcm">supergiant</a> of spectral type G7Ib-II that is around 435 times as luminous as the Sun,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> lying 420 ± 10 light-years distant away from Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> It has a companion star of magnitude 12.5 separated by 9 <a href="/facts/Minute_of_arc/tybs6YGC">arcseconds</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> Gamma Pyxidis is a star of magnitude 4.02 that lies 207 ± 2 light-years distant.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> It is an orange giant of spectral type K3III that has cooled and swollen to 3.7 times the diameter of the Sun after exhausting its core hydrogen.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Kappa_Pyxidis/kvg2LYcN">Kappa Pyxidis</a> was catalogued but not given a Bayer designation by Lacaille, but Gould felt the star was bright enough to warrant a letter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> Kappa has a magnitude of 4.62 and is 560 ± 50 light-years distant.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> An orange giant of spectral type K4/K5III,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> Kappa has a luminosity approximately 965 times that of the Sun.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> It is separated by 2.1 arcseconds from a magnitude 10 star.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Theta_Pyxidis/e5uM9Cpj">Theta Pyxidis</a> is a <a href="/facts/Red_giant/lla6Bsvy">red giant</a> of spectral type M1III and semi-regular variable with two measured periods of 13 and 98.3 days, and an average magnitude of 4.71,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> and is 500 ± 30 light-years distant from Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> It has expanded to approximately 54 times the diameter of the Sun.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p> <p>Located around 4 degrees northeast of Alpha is <a href="/facts/T_Pyxidis/xFpd5E8R">T Pyxidis</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> a binary star system composed of a <a href="/facts/White_dwarf/gIYlTtrC">white dwarf</a> with around 0.8 times the Sun's mass and a <a href="/facts/Red_dwarf/56CMQcF0">red dwarf</a> that orbit each other every 1.8 hours. This system is located around 15,500 light-years away from Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> A <a href="/facts/Nova/H1GcmKXT">recurrent nova</a>, it has brightened to the 7th magnitude in the years 1890, 1902, 1920, 1944, 1966 and 2011 from a baseline of around 14th magnitude. These outbursts are thought to be due to the white dwarf accreting material from its companion and ejecting periodically.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/TY_Pyxidis/X0nehxWH">TY Pyxidis</a> is an <a href="/facts/Binary_star/TYlDe1bD">eclipsing binary star</a> whose apparent magnitude ranges from 6.85 to 7.5 over 3.2 days.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> The two components are both of spectral type G5IV with a diameter 2.2 times,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> and mass 1.2 times that of the Sun, and revolve around each other every 3.2 days.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> The system is classified as a <a href="/facts/RS_Canum_Venaticorum_variable/pBUVN11E">RS Canum Venaticorum variable</a>, a binary system with prominent <a href="/facts/Starspot/Hc16g7mJ">starspot</a> activity,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> and lies 184 ± 5 light-years away.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> The system emits X-rays, and analysing the emission curve over time led researchers to conclude that there was a loop of material arcing between the two stars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> <a href="/facts/RZ_Pyxidis/Fzk8ILWP">RZ Pyxidis</a> is another eclipsing binary system, made up of two young stars less than 200,000 years old. Both are hot blue-white stars of spectral type B7V and are around 2.5 times the size of the Sun. One is around five times as luminous as the Sun and the other around four times as luminous.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> The system is classified as a <a href="/facts/Beta_Lyrae_variable/hq63MllA">Beta Lyrae variable</a>, the apparent magnitude varying from 8.83 to 9.72 over 0.66 days.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> <a href="/facts/XX_Pyxidis/g1EoJL47">XX Pyxidis</a> is one of the more-studied members of a class of stars known as <a href="/facts/Delta_Scuti_variable/EQtxUC4z">Delta Scuti variables</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a>—short period (six hours at most) pulsating stars that have been used as <a href="/facts/Cosmic_distance_ladder/Xae3hVvK">standard candles</a> and as subjects to study <a href="/facts/Astroseismology/nYUUBbQ3">astroseismology</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> Astronomers made more sense of its pulsations when it became clear that it is also a binary star system. The main star is a white main sequence star of spectral type A4V that is around 1.85 ± 0.05 times as massive as the Sun. Its companion is most likely a red dwarf of spectral type M3V, around 0.3 times as massive as the Sun. The two are very close—possibly only 3 times the diameter of the Sun between them—and orbit each other every 1.15 days. The brighter star is deformed into an egg shape.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/AK_Pyxidis/wMn6Ragg">AK Pyxidis</a> is a red giant of spectral type M5III and semi-regular variable that varies between magnitudes 6.09 and 6.51.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a> Its pulsations take place over multiple periods simultaneously of 55.5, 57.9, 86.7, 162.9 and 232.6 days.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> <a href="/facts/UZ_Pyxidis/c26vmsRa">UZ Pyxidis</a> is another semi-regular variable red giant, this time a <a href="/facts/Carbon_star/zK6vSgYn">carbon star</a>, that is around 3560 times as luminous as the Sun with a surface temperature of 3482 K, located 2116 light-years away from Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> It varies between magnitudes 6.99 and 7.83 over 159 days.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> <a href="/facts/VY_Pyxidis/h3wknDJU">VY Pyxidis</a> is a <a href="/facts/BL_Herculis_variable/dNfNC9TB">BL Herculis variable</a> (<a href="/facts/Type_II_Cepheid/VEd29tsL">type II Cepheid</a>), ranging between <a href="/facts/Apparent_magnitude/7pCTF1Me">apparent magnitudes</a> 7.13 and 7.40 over a period of 1.24 days.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a> Located around 650 light-years distant, it shines with a <a href="/facts/Luminosity/1tdhpk9l">luminosity</a> approximately 45 times that of the Sun.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> </p><p>The closest star to Earth in the constellation is <a href="/facts/Gliese_318/xPIoCMIM">Gliese 318</a>, a white dwarf of spectral class DA5 and magnitude 11.85.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> Its distance has been calculated to be 26 light-years,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> or 28.7 ± 0.5 light-years distant from Earth. It has around 45% of the Sun's mass, yet only 0.15% of its luminosity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> <a href="/facts/WISEPC_J083641.12-185947.2/4Xsb6qBM">WISEPC J083641.12-185947.2</a> is a <a href="/facts/Brown_dwarf/fa7kr9lH">brown dwarf</a> of <a href="/facts/Brown_dwarf/fa7kr9lH">spectral type T8p</a> located around 72 light-years from Earth. Discovered by infrared astronomy in 2011, it has a magnitude of 18.79.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> </p> <h3>Planetary systems</h3> <p>Pyxis is home to three stars with confirmed planetary systems—all discovered by <a href="/facts/Doppler_spectroscopy/0uTvj3pq">Doppler spectroscopy</a>. A <a href="/facts/Hot_Jupiter/9wSFCuxk">hot Jupiter</a>, <a href="/facts/HD_73256_b/fdTXMbNk">HD 73256 b</a>, that orbits <a href="/facts/HD_73256/M3S7FwhU">HD 73256</a> every 2.55 days, was discovered using the <a href="/facts/CORALIE_spectrograph/p8ezh3mG">CORALIE spectrograph</a> in 2003. The host star is a yellow star of spectral type G9V that has 69% of our Sun's luminosity, 89% of its diameter and 105% of its mass. Around 119 light-years away, it shines with an apparent magnitude of 8.08 and is around a billion years old.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> <a href="/facts/HD_73267_b/v8cCQAoc">HD 73267 b</a> was discovered with the <a href="/facts/High_Accuracy_Radial_Velocity_Planet_Searcher/glno5GIm">High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher</a> (HARPS) in 2008. It orbits <a href="/facts/HD_73267/AnhUF0hg">HD 73267</a> every 1260 days, a 7 billion-year-old star of spectral type G5V that is around 89% as massive as the Sun.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a> A <a href="/facts/Red_dwarf/56CMQcF0">red dwarf</a> of spectral type M2.5V that has around 42% the Sun's mass, <a href="/facts/Gliese_317/3U1qecwx">Gliese 317</a> is orbited by two gas giant planets. Around 50 light-years distant from Earth, it is a good candidate for future searches for more terrestrial rocky planets.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a> </p> <h3>Deep sky objects</h3> <p>Pyxis lies in the <a href="/facts/Galactic_plane/4eaqfCIB">plane</a> of the <a href="/facts/Milky_Way/ulF6lccN">Milky Way</a>, although part of the eastern edge is dark, with material obscuring our galaxy arm there. <a href="/facts/NGC_2818/F6SPDetc">NGC 2818</a> is a <a href="/facts/Planetary_nebula/5Vy84cPq">planetary nebula</a> that lies within a dim <a href="/facts/Open_cluster/UodlJqcx">open cluster</a> of magnitude 8.2.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> NGC 2818A is an <a href="/facts/Open_cluster/UodlJqcx">open cluster</a> that lies on line of sight with it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> <a href="/facts/K_1-2/Qdl1v7ds">K 1-2</a> is a planetary nebula whose central star is a <a href="/facts/Spectroscopic_binary/TYlDe1bD">spectroscopic binary</a> composed of two stars in close orbit with <a href="/facts/Astrophysical_jet/QYerB8R3">jets</a> emanating from the system. The surface temperature of one component has been estimated at as high as 85,000 K.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> <a href="/facts/NGC_2627/QVGCsotc">NGC 2627</a> is an <a href="/facts/Open_cluster/UodlJqcx">open cluster</a> of magnitude 8.4 that is visible in binoculars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> </p><p>Discovered in 1995,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> the <a href="/facts/Pyxis_globular_cluster/bl6TdovH">Pyxis globular cluster</a> is a 13.3 ± 1.3 billion year-old <a href="/facts/Globular_cluster/FL0EERJU">globular cluster</a> situated around 130,000 light-years distant from Earth and around 133,000 light-years distant from the centre of the Milky Way—a region not previously thought to contain globular clusters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> Located in the <a href="/facts/Galactic_halo/A6jsautY">galactic halo</a>, it was noted to lie on the same plane as the <a href="/facts/Large_Magellanic_Cloud/7VYAehNa">Large Magellanic Cloud</a> and the possibility has been raised that it might be an escaped object from that galaxy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/NGC_2613/xrLBKaPM">NGC 2613</a> is a spiral galaxy of magnitude 10.5 which appears spindle-shaped as it is almost edge-on to observers on Earth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Henize_2-10/E8hoUy9I">Henize 2-10</a> is a dwarf galaxy which lies 30 million light-years away. It has a black hole of around a million solar masses at its centre. Known as a <a href="/facts/Starburst_galaxy/EV0wM4Rs">starburst galaxy</a> due to very high rates of star formation, it has a bluish colour due to the huge numbers of young stars within it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Pyxis_(Chinese_astronomy)/8VCnbDNf">Pyxis (Chinese astronomy)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pyxis. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Pronounced /ˈpɪksɪs/; Greek and Latin for box.[1][2] <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" target="_blank">/wiki/Help:IPA/English</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Irwin, M. J.; Demers, Serge; Kunkel, W. E. (1995). "The PYXIS Cluster: A Newly Identified Galactic Globular Cluster". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 453: L21. Bibcode:1995ApJ...453L..21I. doi:10.1086/513301. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F513301" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1086%2F513301</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Ridpath, Ian (1988). "Pyxis". Star Tales. Self-published. Retrieved 8 October 2012. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Ridpath" target="_blank">/wiki/Ian_Ridpath</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Ridpath, Ian. "Lacaille's Southern Planisphere of 1756". Star Tales. Self-published. Retrieved 1 August 2015. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Ridpath" target="_blank">/wiki/Ian_Ridpath</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Lacaille, Nicolas Louis (1756). "Relation abrégée du Voyage fait par ordre du Roi au cap de Bonne-espérance". Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences (in French): 519–92 [589]. <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k35505/f787" target="_blank">http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k35505/f787</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>The exception is Mensa, named for the Table Mountain. The other thirteen (alongside Pyxis) are Antlia, Caelum, Circinus, Fornax, Horologium, Microscopium, Norma, Octans, Pictor, Reticulum, Sculptor, and Telescopium.[7] <a href="/wiki/Mensa_(constellation)" target="_blank">/wiki/Mensa_(constellation)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Wagman, Morton (2003). Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. pp. 6–7, 261–62. ISBN 978-0-939923-78-6. <a href="978-0-939923-78-6" target="_blank">978-0-939923-78-6</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ridpath, Ian (2006). Eyewitness Companions: Astronomy. London, England: DK Publishing (Dorling Kindersley). p. 210. ISBN 978-0-7566-4845-9. <a href="978-0-7566-4845-9" target="_blank">978-0-7566-4845-9</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Ridpath, Ian (1988). "Lochium Funis". Star Tales. Self-published. Retrieved 6 July 2015. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Ridpath" target="_blank">/wiki/Ian_Ridpath</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Wagman, Morton (2003). Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. pp. 6–7, 261–62. 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