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Antimony(III) sulfate
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<h2 id="structure">Structure</h2> <p>Antimony(III) sulfate consists of interconnected SbO6 octahedra, which the corners are bonded to the <a href="/facts/Sulfate/yuWVxsUf">sulfate</a> ion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="production">Production</h2> <p>Antimony(III) sulfate was first produced in 1827 by the reaction of <a href="/facts/Antimony(III)_oxide/b3LraQvL">antimony(III) oxide</a> and 18 molar <a href="/facts/Sulfuric_acid/Wom6fymJ">sulfuric acid</a> at 200 °C:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> Sb2O3 + 3 H2SO4 → Sb2(SO4)3 + 3 H2O <p>The concentration of the sulfuric acid is important, as a lower concentration will produce basic antimony oxides, while a higher concentration will produce antimony(III) pyrosulfate. The reaction of elemental antimony and 18 M sulfuric acid will also produce antimony(III) sulfate:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> 2 Sb + 6 H2SO4 → Sb2(SO4)3 + 3 SO2 + 6 H2O <h2 id="chemical-properties">Chemical properties</h2> <p>Antimony sulfate is <a href="/facts/Deliquescent/1NBGewXv">deliquescent</a>, hydrolyzing in moist air and water, producing various basic antimony oxides and antimony(III) oxide. It is soluble in <a href="/facts/Acid/FySU18n1">acids</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="uses">Uses</h2> <p>Owing to its solubility, antimony sulfate has uses in the doping of <a href="/facts/Semiconductor/zFf3mGTE">semiconductors</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> It is also used for coating <a href="/facts/Anode/TjYt95zG">anodes</a> in <a href="/facts/Electrolysis/pU75nCDI">electrolysis</a> and in the production of explosives and fireworks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="safety">Safety</h2> <p>Antimony(III) sulfate causes irritation to the skin and mucous membranes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="natural-occurrence">Natural occurrence</h2> <p>Natural analogue of the exact compound is yet unknown. However, basic hydrated Sb sulfates are known as the minerals klebelsbergite<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> and coquandite.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Herbst, Karl Albert et al. (1985) Antimony and antimony compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., vol. A3, p. 70. ISBN 3-527-20103-3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>R. Mercier; J. Douglade; J. Bernard (1976). "Structure cristalline de Sb2O3.3SO3". Acta Crystallographica Section B (in French). 32 (10): 2787–2791. doi:10.1107/S0567740876008881. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>R. Mercier; J. Douglade; J. Bernard (1976). "Structure cristalline de Sb2O3.3SO3". Acta Crystallographica Section B (in French). 32 (10): 2787–2791. doi:10.1107/S0567740876008881. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Herbst, Karl Albert et al. (1985) Antimony and antimony compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., vol. A3, p. 70. ISBN 3-527-20103-3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>R. Mercier; J. Douglade; J. Bernard (1976). "Structure cristalline de Sb2O3.3SO3". Acta Crystallographica Section B (in French). 32 (10): 2787–2791. doi:10.1107/S0567740876008881. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Herbst, Karl Albert et al. (1985) Antimony and antimony compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., vol. A3, p. 70. ISBN 3-527-20103-3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Nicholas C. Norman (31 December 1997). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. pp. 193–. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3. <a href="978-0-7514-0389-3" target="_blank">978-0-7514-0389-3</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Method of forming phase change layer, method of manufacturing a storage node using the same, and method of manufacturing phase change memory device using the same – Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Freepatentsonline.com (2007-01-02). Retrieved on 2011-12-23. <a href="http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0156651.html" target="_blank">http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0156651.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Herbst, Karl Albert et al. (1985) Antimony and antimony compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 5th ed., vol. A3, p. 70. ISBN 3-527-20103-3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Antimony(III) Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet Archived 2012-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. Prochemonline. <a href="http://prochemonline.com/upload/MSDS/1136.Antimony(III)Sulfate.pdf" target="_blank">http://prochemonline.com/upload/MSDS/1136.Antimony(III)Sulfate.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Klebelsbergite". <a href="https://www.mindat.org/min-2223.html" target="_blank">https://www.mindat.org/min-2223.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"List of Minerals". 21 March 2011. <a href="https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm" target="_blank">https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Coquandite". <a href="https://www.mindat.org/min-1125.html" target="_blank">https://www.mindat.org/min-1125.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"List of Minerals". 21 March 2011. <a href="https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm" target="_blank">https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>