Microconsole

<h2 id="origins">Origins</h2>

The <a href="/facts/IQue_Player/lrjQMQvo">iQue Player</a> was released in 2003 as a low-cost handheld TV game console based on the <a href="/facts/Nintendo_64/p1rI4VQ2">Nintendo 64</a>, specifically designed for the <a href="/facts/Video_games_in_China/g4g7UH9q">Chinese market</a>. At launch, games were available for download from iQue Depot kiosks. In October 2004, the iQue@Home application store was introduced, allowing users to download games from home,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a> potentially making it the first microconsole of its kind.
In the early 2010s, shortly after the rise of <a href="/facts/Mobile_gaming/H3e7p0K7">mobile gaming</a> on smartphones and tablet devices from 2008, microconsoles started to gain traction in the global market. These units were seen as a means to marry the idea of <a href="/facts/Home_video_game_consoles/zP1RTC84">home video game consoles</a> with smartphone and tablet gaming, taking advantage of the large library of games already available for the <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android operating system</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> While OnLive's MicroConsole brought the name "microconsole" to the field, the term "microconsole" was more widely adapted to describe these units as a whole as it mirrored the concept of <a href="/facts/Microcomputer/ETW22UTv">microcomputers</a> of the 1970s and 1980s compared to <a href="/facts/Mainframe/nrBR6rWa">mainframes</a> and <a href="/facts/Minicomputer/g8hvpQxe">minicomputers</a>. Just as microcomputers represented low-cost, less powerful, and smaller form-factor versions of their larger equivalents, microconsoles tend to be similarly available at lower cost using cheaper computation hardware and packaged in smaller systems. In some cases, these packages were small enough to be encased into handheld controllers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> 
In late 2010, <a href="/facts/Cloud_gaming/mqTSvXs8">cloud gaming</a> startup <a href="/facts/OnLive/dwH1421x">OnLive</a> released MicroConsole, a television adapter and wireless <a href="/facts/Gamepad/WeNdbxjt">gamepad</a> that connects the company's <a href="/facts/Video_game/vmTdNASJ">video game</a> <a href="/facts/Streaming_media/4rPhSq0Y">streaming</a> service to televisions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> <a href="/facts/VentureBeat/0EeaPJwS">VentureBeat</a>'s Dean Takahashi described the device as representing the company founder's "vision to turn the video game industry upside down" as an inexpensive console providing "high-end games on low-end hardware" that could eliminate the cycle of regular consumer hardware upgrades.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> The MicroConsole TV adapter was produced <a href="/facts/Loss_leader/o9HJXVeK">at a loss</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> OnLive's MicroConsole made the company an early leader in the nascent microconsole field.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
Amidst a "new war for TV" in the <a href="/facts/Consumer_electronics/cJ8g9NXh">consumer electronics</a> industry,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> an inexpensive and simple Android-based video game console designed for televisions called <a href="/facts/Ouya/cjTj6kgA">Ouya</a> was announced for <a href="/facts/Crowdfunding/u9gwrlYI">crowdfunding</a> in July 2012. The Ouya was an overnight success and raised $8.5 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> Significant interest in <a href="/facts/Low-cost/YPBV7ry3">low-cost</a> Android console gaming followed Ouya's success,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> spurred by the <a href="/facts/Mobile_games/H3e7p0K7">mobile games</a> industry growth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> The industry began to refer to the resulting consoles as alternative consoles, or microconsoles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>
<a href="/facts/Polygon_(website)/shfk0yXN">Polygon</a> reported that Android "consoles" were best-in-show at the January 2013 <a href="/facts/Consumer_Electronics_Show/JUmN49Fl">Consumer Electronics Show</a>, citing devices like the <a href="/facts/MOGA_Pro/J2rCvfh0">MOGA Pro</a>, <a href="/facts/Green_Throttle_Games/890Tn49A">Green Throttle Games</a> Atlas controller, <a href="/facts/Nvidia_Shield/2oUnyXrf">Nvidia Shield</a>, and news of <a href="/facts/Valve_Corporation/zlRE5vJL">Valve</a>'s <a href="/facts/Steam_Machine_(hardware_platform)/Dt86Gaj7">Steam Machine</a>, a non-Android console.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> Following Ouya's success, other similar set-top Android gaming devices were announced as direct competitors, including the <a href="/facts/GameStick/tdUJYGxI">GameStick</a> in early 2013,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> <a href="/facts/GamePop/LPNcdDWt">GamePop</a> in May 2013,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> and <a href="/facts/Mad_Catz/42blFbne">Mad Catz</a>'s <a href="/facts/Mojo_(microconsole)/stTwmys6">MOJO</a> in June 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> <a href="/facts/Forbes/lyULpGhW">Forbes</a>'s Daniel Nye Griffiths referred to Ouya and GameStick's close release dates as the microconsole field's first "showdown".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> The GamePop and MOJO announcements in the early summer referred to the devices as "microconsoles".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>
The <a href="/facts/PlayStation_TV/8RtPfb1M">PlayStation TV</a> (known in <a href="/facts/Asia/4IToYrrQ">Asia</a> as the PlayStation Vita TV) is a microconsole announced in September 2013 at a Sony Computer Entertainment Japan presentation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> It was released in Japan on November 14, 2013 and in North America on October 14, 2014.

<h2 id="home-made-devices">Home-made Devices</h2>
<a href="/facts/Raspberry_Pi/Ie6Lx9n5">Raspberry Pi</a> has become a popular alternative platform for home-made microconsoles due to its low cost and ability to emulate <a href="/facts/Retrogaming/HJCx4v04">retro</a> gaming consoles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> While <a href="/facts/Homebrew_(video_games)/jtWcUfBo">homebrew</a> software for the Raspberry Pi can be made by anyone, users can install a complete emulation package, such as <a href="/facts/RetroArch/to2vVkUL">RetroArch</a> or RetroPie.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>

<h2 id="reception">Reception</h2>
<a href="/facts/Gamasutra/lgBhTIsC">Gamasutra</a> called Ouya, GameStick, and GamePop "console alternatives" that represent "a potential new market space for developers".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> Tadhg Kelly, writing for <a href="/facts/Edge_(magazine)/CW3y2hzN">Edge</a>, called 2013 "the year of the microconsole", citing less consumer need for traditional console power, the <a href="/facts/Low-cost/YPBV7ry3">low</a> price of microconsole manufacture, increased system compatibility for easier game development, and more developer freedom from console business interests.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a> Microconsole promises of a less restrictive platform are expected to empower <a href="/facts/Independent_game_developer/yacpsYTA">independent game developers</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> Kelly referred to the "deliberately small" microconsoles as "the <a href="/facts/Netbooks/aExm3tmc">netbooks</a> of the console world", not intended to compete with big video game consoles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> Other reviewers called the microconsoles competitors, though not a threat, and referred to a crowded "non-traditional console space" as a disadvantage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> Kelly added that Ouya is heavily focused on the early adopter audience and its interests, and that Ouya's "natural advantage" of price has not been communicated effectively.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> <a href="/facts/Edge_(magazine)/CW3y2hzN">Edge</a> questioned possibilities of microconsole success due to competition within the field as well as from Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft's new consoles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>
The pre-release Ouya was panned by early reviewers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a> <a href="/facts/The_Verge/GNkdYcJe">The Verge</a> called it unfinished,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> and in a later review, <a href="/facts/Eurogamer/DjDbSqEj">Eurogamer</a> questioned why consumers would purchase a console that duplicated the functionality of smartphones they already had.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a>
The video game industry saw <a href="/facts/Apple_Inc./oTJYta3k">Apple</a>'s <a href="/facts/Apple_TV/FHVJqBCw">Apple TV</a> as potential microconsole competition due to the company's experience in the mobile games market.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a> <a href="/facts/Polygon_(website)/shfk0yXN">Polygon</a> reported in January 2013 that the Apple TV "continue[d] to be dangerously close to upending the mobile gaming space" and speculated that an Apple TV <a href="/facts/Apple_App_Store/0yqcGqey">App Store</a> could spark "a rush of games to the television".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Video games portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_microconsoles/MlKURFzr">List of microconsoles</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mobile_game/H3e7p0K7">Mobile game</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cloud_gaming/mqTSvXs8">Cloud gaming</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Handheld_TV_game/bPxXP8p2">Handheld TV game</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dedicated_console/V3SbhGM0">Dedicated console</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Video_game_clone/gCMDXVeR">Video game clone</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"IQue Software and iQue@Home". IGN. 30 August 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2024. <a href="https://www.ign.com/wikis/nintendo-ique-player/IQue_Software_and_iQue@Home" target="_blank">https://www.ign.com/wikis/nintendo-ique-player/IQue_Software_and_iQue@Home</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Gaudiosi, John (October 16, 2014). "How Android TV is a (video) game changer". Fortune. Retrieved June 21, 2021. <a href="https://fortune.com/2014/10/16/android-tv-video-games-google/" target="_blank">https://fortune.com/2014/10/16/android-tv-video-games-google/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Kelly, Tadhg (January 8, 2013). "2013: The year of the microconsole?". Gamasutra. Retrieved June 21, 2021. <a href="https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/2013" target="_blank">https://www.gamedeveloper.com/business/2013</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Kelly, Tadhg (March 14, 2013). "Why 2013 could be the year of the microconsole". Edge. Future Publishing. Archived from the original on May 31, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013. <a href="http://www.edge-online.com/features/why-2013-could-be-the-year-of-the-microconsole/" target="_blank">http://www.edge-online.com/features/why-2013-could-be-the-year-of-the-microconsole/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Ackerman, Dan (November 17, 2010). "PC games come to TV with OnLive's MicroConsole". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2013. <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-20023186-1.html" target="_blank">http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-20023186-1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Takahashi, Dean (November 17, 2010). "OnLive starts pre-sales for MicroConsole aimed at eliminating game consoles". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved June 7, 2013. <a href="https://venturebeat.com/2010/11/17/onlive-starts-pre-sales-for-microconsole-aimed-at-eliminating-game-consoles/" target="_blank">https://venturebeat.com/2010/11/17/onlive-starts-pre-sales-for-microconsole-aimed-at-eliminating-game-consoles/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:10">Patel, Nilay (November 12, 2012). "Over the top: the new war for TV is just beginning". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2012/11/12/3633984/future-of-tv-over-the-top" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2012/11/12/3633984/future-of-tv-over-the-top</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:14">Hollister, Sean (January 10, 2013). "Nvidia's Project Shield: right on time". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on April 30, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2013. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/10/3857384/editorial-nvidia-project-shield-right-on-time" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/10/3857384/editorial-nvidia-project-shield-right-on-time</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Thier, David (May 9, 2013). "There's A New, Free Console Competing With The Ouya". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved June 8, 2013. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2013/05/09/theres-a-new-free-console-competing-with-the-ouya/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2013/05/09/theres-a-new-free-console-competing-with-the-ouya/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:20">Hollister, Sean (January 10, 2013). "Nvidia's Project Shield: right on time". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on April 30, 2013. Retrieved June 7, 2013. <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/10/3857384/editorial-nvidia-project-shield-right-on-time" target="_blank">https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/10/3857384/editorial-nvidia-project-shield-right-on-time</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

Microconsole open-in-new

Microconsole