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Splashdown
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The splashdown method of landing was used for <a href="/facts/Mercury_program/H8zqFzbC">Mercury</a>, <a href="/facts/Gemini_program/7PYE3AV4">Gemini</a> and <a href="/facts/Apollo_program/IC1Ek1Ao">Apollo</a> (including <a href="/facts/Skylab/h7v9LWKE">Skylab</a>, which used Apollo capsules). <a href="/facts/Soyuz_23/gLkTvyCD">Soyuz 23</a> unintentionally landed on a freezing lake with slushy patches of ice during a snowstorm.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>On early Mercury flights, a helicopter attached a cable to the capsule, lifted it from the water and delivered it to a nearby ship. This was changed after the sinking of <i><a href="/facts/Liberty_Bell_7/TXol5Hrv">Liberty Bell 7</a></i>. All later Mercury, Gemini and Apollo capsules had a flotation collar (similar to a rubber life raft) attached to the spacecraft to increase their buoyancy. The spacecraft would then be brought alongside a ship and lifted onto deck by crane. </p><p>After the flotation collar is attached, a hatch on the spacecraft is usually opened. At that time, some astronauts decide to be hoisted aboard a helicopter for a ride to the recovery ship and some decided to stay with the spacecraft and be lifted aboard ship via crane. All Gemini and Apollo flights (Apollos 7 to 17) used the former, while Mercury missions from Mercury 6 to Mercury 9, as well as all Skylab missions and Apollo-Soyuz used the latter, especially the Skylab flights as to preserve all medical data. During the Gemini and Apollo programs, NASA used <a href="/facts/MV_Retriever/m4nHYIYC">MV <i>Retriever</i></a> for the astronauts to practice water egress. </p><p><a href="/facts/Apollo_11/BdUKVnQP">Apollo 11</a> was America's first Moon landing mission and marked the first time that humans walked on the surface of another planetary body. The possibility of the astronauts bringing <a href="/facts/Pathogen/axMXtV1M">pathogens</a> from the Moon back to Earth was remote, but not ruled out. To contain any possible contaminants at the scene of the splashdown, the astronauts donned special Biological Isolation Garments and the outside of the suits were scrubbed prior to the astronauts being hoisted aboard <a href="/facts/USS_Hornet_(CV-12)/q9LbXWHv">USS <i>Hornet</i></a> and escorted safely inside a <a href="/facts/Mobile_Quarantine_Facility/rV6F9cGJ">Mobile Quarantine Facility</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <p>Both the <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon_1/oduVLMWr">SpaceX Dragon 1</a> and <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon_2/Wy8kUegK">Dragon 2</a> capsules were designed to use the splashdown method of landing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The original cargo Dragon splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of <a href="/facts/Baja_California/vJY3AFwn">Baja California</a>. At the request of NASA, both the crew and cargo variations of the Dragon 2 capsule splash down off the coast of <a href="/facts/Florida/cF245A3Q">Florida</a>, either in the <a href="/facts/Atlantic_Ocean/EI4uChIb">Atlantic Ocean</a> or the <a href="/facts/Gulf_of_Mexico/bGE5s57G">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>The early design concept for <a href="/facts/Orion_(spacecraft)/nh8VQRpD">Orion</a> (then known as the <a href="/facts/Crew_Exploration_Vehicle/aU3ltbmf">Crew Exploration Vehicle</a>) featured recovery on land using a combination of parachutes and airbags, although it was also designed to make a contingency splashdown if needed. Due to weight considerations, the airbag design concept was dropped for Orion, and it conducts landings via splashdown in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="disadvantages">Disadvantages</h2> <p>Perhaps the most dangerous aspect is the possibility of the spacecraft flooding and sinking. For example, when the hatch of <a href="/facts/Gus_Grissom/NKemkrR5">Gus Grissom</a>'s <i><a href="/facts/Mercury-Redstone_4/TXol5Hrv">Liberty Bell 7</a></i> capsule blew prematurely, the capsule sank and Grissom almost drowned. Since the spacecraft's flooding will occur from a location in its hull where it ruptures first, it is important to determine the location on the hull that experiences the highest loading.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> This location along the impacting side is determined by the surrounding `air cushion' layer, which deforms the water surface before the moment of impact, and results in a non-trivial geometry of the liquid surface during first touch-down.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Soyuz_23/gLkTvyCD">Soyuz 23</a> was dragged under a frozen lake by its parachutes. The crew became incapacitated by <a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide/xGzpppEp">carbon dioxide</a> and were rescued after a nine-hour recovery operation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>If the capsule comes down far from any recovery forces, the crew may be stranded at sea for an extended period of time. As an example, Scott Carpenter in <i><a href="/facts/Mercury-Atlas_7/sv36fVUI">Aurora 7</a></i> overshot the assigned landing zone by 400 kilometers (250 mi). These recovery operation mishaps can be mitigated by placing several vessels on standby in different locations, but this can be an expensive option. </p><p>Exposure to salt water can have adverse effects on vehicles intended for reuse, such as <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon/oduVLMWr">Dragon</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="launch-vehicles">Launch vehicles</h2> <p>Some reusable launch vehicles recover components via splashdown. This was first seen with the <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle/7BoyetEv">Space Shuttle</a> <a href="/facts/Space_Shuttle_Solid_Rocket_Booster/ETayF0Xh">SRBs</a>, with <a href="/facts/STS-1/DLnJNV3G">STS-1</a> launching in 1981. Out of 135 launches, <a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a> recovered all but two sets of SRBs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a> has conducted propulsive splashdowns of the <a href="/facts/Falcon_9/mNck6vby">Falcon 9</a> first stage, <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Super_Heavy/wXKtwRfS">Super Heavy</a> booster, and <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)/FGWc9PxL">Starship</a> spacecraft. These vehicles are designed to land on land or <a href="/facts/Autonomous_spaceport_drone_ship/yI2SR495">modified barges</a> and do not always survive intact after tipping over in the water; SpaceX has mainly conducted propulsive splashdowns for <a href="/facts/SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program/kuah4fl8">development flights</a>. After the launch of <a href="/facts/SpaceX_CRS-16/umddQ6tq">CRS-16</a>, the booster experienced a control issue and splashed down in the ocean instead of making an intended landing at <a href="/facts/SpaceX_Landing_Zone_1/cEoRJoJ3">Landing Zone 1</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab/o5Wlgg6P">Rocket Lab</a> intended to catch the first stage of their <a href="/facts/Rocket_Lab_Electron/wmMhl3aA">Electron</a> rocket with a helicopter as it descended under parachute, but abandoned this idea in favor of parachute splashdown. In 2020, Rocket Lab made their first booster recovery.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="list-of-spacecraft-splashdowns">List of spacecraft splashdowns</h2> <h3>Crewed spacecraft</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Spacecraft</th><th>Agency</th><th>Landing date</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Recovery ship</th><th>Miss distance (km)</th><th>Reference</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Mercury-Redstone_3/x7DvfFQY">Freedom 7</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>May 5, 1961</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=27_13.7_N_75_53_W_&title=Freedom+7">27°13.7′N 75°53′W / 27.2283°N 75.883°W / 27.2283; -75.883 (Freedom 7)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Lake_Champlain_(CV-39)/YJ4yKWJ9">USS <i>Lake Champlain</i></a></td><td>5.6 km (3.5 mi)</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Mercury-Redstone_4/TXol5Hrv">Liberty Bell 7</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>July 21, 1961</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=27_32_N_75_44_W_&title=Liberty+Bell+7">27°32′N 75°44′W / 27.533°N 75.733°W / 27.533; -75.733 (Liberty Bell 7)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Randolph_(CV-15)/pgebuMes">USS <i>Randolph</i></a></td><td>9.3 km (5.8 mi)</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Mercury-Atlas_6/L825mhAJ">Friendship 7</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>February 20, 1962</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=21_26_N_68_41_W_&title=Friendship+7">21°26′N 68°41′W / 21.433°N 68.683°W / 21.433; -68.683 (Friendship 7)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Noa_(DD-841)/pyauItGp">USS <i>Noa</i></a>(USS <i>Randolph</i>**)</td><td>74</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Mercury-Atlas_7/sv36fVUI">Aurora 7</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>May 24, 1962</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=19_27_N_63_59_W_&title=Aurora+7">19°27′N 63°59′W / 19.450°N 63.983°W / 19.450; -63.983 (Aurora 7)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_John_R._Pierce/338ggB49">USS <i>John R. Pierce</i></a>(<a href="/facts/USS_Intrepid_(CV-11)/8Hpyyz1m">USS <i>Intrepid</i></a>**)</td><td>400</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Mercury-Atlas_8/LJJME4eS">Sigma 7</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>October 3, 1962</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=32_06_N_174_28_W_&title=Sigma+7">32°06′N 174°28′W / 32.100°N 174.467°W / 32.100; -174.467 (Sigma 7)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Kearsarge_(CV-33)/EbHNTHI8">USS <i>Kearsarge</i></a></td><td>7.4</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><i><a href="/facts/Mercury-Atlas_9/mHscFduz">Faith 7</a></i></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>May 16, 1963</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=27_20_N_176_26_W_&title=Faith+7">27°20′N 176°26′W / 27.333°N 176.433°W / 27.333; -176.433 (Faith 7)</a></td><td>USS <i>Kearsarge</i></td><td>8.1</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_3/XPEobJrK">Gemini 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>March 23, 1965</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=22_26_N_70_51_W_&title=Gemini+3">22°26′N 70°51′W / 22.433°N 70.850°W / 22.433; -70.850 (Gemini 3)</a></td><td>USS <i>Intrepid</i></td><td>111</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_4/HGmV3h8e">Gemini 4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>June 7, 1965</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=27_44_N_74_11_W_&title=Gemini+4">27°44′N 74°11′W / 27.733°N 74.183°W / 27.733; -74.183 (Gemini 4)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Wasp_(CV-18)/NlSP2Q23">USS <i>Wasp</i></a></td><td>81</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_5/23hzkl4R">Gemini 5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>August 29, 1965</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=29_44_N_69_45_W_&title=Gemini+5">29°44′N 69°45′W / 29.733°N 69.750°W / 29.733; -69.750 (Gemini 5)</a></td><td>USS <i>Lake Champlain</i></td><td>270</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_7/5h26vRrV">Gemini 7</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>December 18, 1965</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=25_25_N_70_07_W_&title=Gemini+7">25°25′N 70°07′W / 25.417°N 70.117°W / 25.417; -70.117 (Gemini 7)</a></td><td>USS <i>Wasp</i></td><td>12</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_6A/xUUYGdMc">Gemini 6A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>December 16, 1965</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=23_35_N_67_50_W_&title=Gemini+6A">23°35′N 67°50′W / 23.583°N 67.833°W / 23.583; -67.833 (Gemini 6A)</a></td><td>USS <i>Wasp</i></td><td>13</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_8/QpFvQkHJ">Gemini 8</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>March 17, 1966</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=25_14_N_136_0_E_&title=Gemini+8">25°14′N 136°0′E / 25.233°N 136.000°E / 25.233; 136.000 (Gemini 8)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Leonard_F._Mason/5Rt70sxp">USS <i>Leonard F. Mason</i></a>(<a href="/facts/USS_Boxer_(CV-21)/P8hL7FrS">USS <i>Boxer</i></a>**)</td><td>2</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_9A/nQWnlKJJ">Gemini 9A</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>June 6, 1966</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=27_52_N_75_0_W_&title=Gemini+9A">27°52′N 75°0′W / 27.867°N 75.000°W / 27.867; -75.000 (Gemini 9A)</a></td><td>USS <i>Wasp</i></td><td>0.7</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_10/zR5Vaknb">Gemini 10</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>July 21, 1966</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=26_45_N_71_57_W_&title=Gemini+10">26°45′N 71°57′W / 26.750°N 71.950°W / 26.750; -71.950 (Gemini 10)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Guadalcanal_(LPH-7)/MPyrpsrN">USS <i>Guadalcanal</i></a></td><td>6</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_11/WurVakyH">Gemini 11</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>September 15, 1966</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=24_15_N_70_0_W_&title=Gemini+11">24°15′N 70°0′W / 24.250°N 70.000°W / 24.250; -70.000 (Gemini 11)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Guam_(LPH-9)/ehNWcCxY">USS <i>Guam</i></a></td><td>5</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_12/WmaNAXRA">Gemini 12</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>November 15, 1966</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=24_35_N_69_57_W_&title=Gemini+12">24°35′N 69°57′W / 24.583°N 69.950°W / 24.583; -69.950 (Gemini 12)</a></td><td>USS <i>Wasp</i></td><td>5</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_7/a09dyr4e">Apollo 7</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>October 22, 1968</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=27_32_N_64_04_W_&title=Apollo+7">27°32′N 64°04′W / 27.533°N 64.067°W / 27.533; -64.067 (Apollo 7)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Essex_(CV-9)/azHwgSLy">USS <i>Essex</i></a></td><td>3</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_8/uKkRsnSL">Apollo 8</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>December 27, 1968</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=8_7.5_N_165_1.2_W_&title=Apollo+8">8°7.5′N 165°1.2′W / 8.1250°N 165.0200°W / 8.1250; -165.0200 (Apollo 8)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Yorktown_(CV-10)/jVVG4nx6">USS <i>Yorktown</i></a></td><td>2</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_9/L2UtJfyL">Apollo 9</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>March 13, 1969</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=23_15_N_67_56_W_&title=Apollo+9">23°15′N 67°56′W / 23.250°N 67.933°W / 23.250; -67.933 (Apollo 9)</a></td><td>USS <i>Guadalcanal</i></td><td>5</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_10/SYbSPPHM">Apollo 10</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>May 26, 1969</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=15_2_S_164_39_W_&title=Apollo+10">15°2′S 164°39′W / 15.033°S 164.650°W / -15.033; -164.650 (Apollo 10)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Princeton_(CV-37)/7k42zeYl">USS <i>Princeton</i></a></td><td>2.4</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_11/BdUKVnQP">Apollo 11</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>July 24, 1969</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=13_19_N_169_9_W_&title=Apollo+11">13°19′N 169°9′W / 13.317°N 169.150°W / 13.317; -169.150 (Apollo 11)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Hornet_(CV-12)/q9LbXWHv">USS <i>Hornet</i></a></td><td>3.13</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_12/TyLvYjhw">Apollo 12</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>November 24, 1969</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=15_47_S_165_9_W_&title=Apollo+12">15°47′S 165°9′W / 15.783°S 165.150°W / -15.783; -165.150 (Apollo 12)</a></td><td>USS <i>Hornet</i></td><td>3.7</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_13/YfSNWC07">Apollo 13</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>April 17, 1970</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=21_38_S_165_22_W_&title=Apollo+13">21°38′S 165°22′W / 21.633°S 165.367°W / -21.633; -165.367 (Apollo 13)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Iwo_Jima_(LPH-2)/VgGA3Edb">USS <i>Iwo Jima</i></a></td><td>1.85</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_14/SuokTzAu">Apollo 14</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>February 9, 1971</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=27_1_S_172_39_W_&title=Apollo+14">27°1′S 172°39′W / 27.017°S 172.650°W / -27.017; -172.650 (Apollo 14)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_New_Orleans_(LPH-11)/TDwU4D9L">USS <i>New Orleans</i></a></td><td>1.1</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_15/8h2QMY4z">Apollo 15</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>August 7, 1971</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=26_7_N_158_8_W_&title=Apollo+15">26°7′N 158°8′W / 26.117°N 158.133°W / 26.117; -158.133 (Apollo 15)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Okinawa_(LPH-3)/LWVe4oWu">USS <i>Okinawa</i></a></td><td>1.85</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_16/XQY3CDnf">Apollo 16</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>April 27, 1972</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=0_43_S_156_13_W_&title=Apollo+16">0°43′S 156°13′W / 0.717°S 156.217°W / -0.717; -156.217 (Apollo 16)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Ticonderoga_(CV-14)/uVGnKcl6">USS <i>Ticonderoga</i></a></td><td>0.55</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_17/5szGEz7n">Apollo 17</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>December 19, 1972</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=17_53_S_166_7_W_&title=Apollo+17">17°53′S 166°7′W / 17.883°S 166.117°W / -17.883; -166.117 (Apollo 17)</a></td><td>USS <i>Ticonderoga</i></td><td>1.85</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td><a href="/facts/Skylab_2/VbFt6HPw">Skylab 2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>June 22, 1973</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=24_45_N_127_2_W_&title=Skylab+2">24°45′N 127°2′W / 24.750°N 127.033°W / 24.750; -127.033 (Skylab 2)</a></td><td>USS <i>Ticonderoga</i></td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td><a href="/facts/Skylab_3/hTMNyE5P">Skylab 3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>September 25, 1973</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=30_47_N_120_29_W_&title=Skylab+3">30°47′N 120°29′W / 30.783°N 120.483°W / 30.783; -120.483 (Skylab 3)</a></td><td>USS <i>New Orleans</i></td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td><a href="/facts/Skylab_4/8Pbave69">Skylab 4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>February 8, 1974</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=31_18_N_119_48_W_&title=Skylab+4">31°18′N 119°48′W / 31.300°N 119.800°W / 31.300; -119.800 (Skylab 4)</a></td><td>USS <i>New Orleans</i></td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td><a href="/facts/Apollo%25E2%2580%2593Soyuz_Test_Project/PzMemSeQ">Apollo CSM-111</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>July 24, 1975</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=22_N_163_W_&title=ASTP+Apollo">22°N 163°W / 22°N 163°W / 22; -163 (ASTP Apollo)</a></td><td>USS <i>New Orleans</i></td><td>1.3</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td><a href="/facts/Soyuz_23/gLkTvyCD">Soyuz 23</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Soviet_space_program/Nz5vfPGg">USSR</a></td><td>October 16, 1976</td><td><a href="/facts/Lake_Tengiz/P1sc4qmP">Lake Tengiz</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mil_Mi-8/LmhRy60L">Mi-8</a> helicopter</td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td><a href="/facts/Crew_Dragon_Demo-2/0D3BuCxE">Crew Dragon Demo-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>August 2, 2020</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=29_48_N_87_30_W_&title=Crew+Dragon+Demo-2">29°48′N 87°30′W / 29.800°N 87.500°W / 29.800; -87.500 (Crew Dragon Demo-2)</a></td><td><i><a href="/facts/GO_Navigator/NqoS7nkr">GO Navigator</a></i></td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Crew-1/rAWWH647">Crew Dragon Crew-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>May 2, 2021</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=29_32_N_86_11_W_&title=Crew+Dragon+Crew-1">29°32′N 86°11′W / 29.533°N 86.183°W / 29.533; -86.183 (Crew Dragon Crew-1)</a></td><td><i>GO Navigator</i></td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td><a href="/facts/Inspiration4/C6wwpA5Y">Inspiration4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>September 18, 2021</td><td></td><td><i><a href="/facts/GO_Searcher/Tl157jqP">GO Searcher</a></i></td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Crew-2/lQVTYmu2">Crew Dragon Crew-2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>November 7, 2021</td><td></td><td><i>GO Navigator</i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td><a href="/facts/Axiom_Mission_1/Tgeb01dT">Axiom Mission 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>April 25, 2022</td><td></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Megan_(ship)/Tl157jqP">Megan</a></i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Crew-3/YLx0SWlU">Crew Dragon Crew-3</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>May 6, 2022</td><td></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Shannon_(ship)/NqoS7nkr">Shannon</a></i></td><td></td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Crew-4/RPytRY0b">Crew Dragon Crew-4</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>October 14, 2022</td><td></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Megan_(ship)/Tl157jqP">Megan</a></i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Crew-5/Lt2NvTwR">Crew Dragon Crew-5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>March 11, 2023</td><td></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Shannon_(ship)/NqoS7nkr">Shannon</a></i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td><a href="/facts/Axiom_Mission_2/j7618JMk">Axiom Mission 2</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>May 31, 2023</td><td></td><td><i><a href="/facts/Megan_(ship)/Tl157jqP">Megan</a></i></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td><a href="/facts/Polaris_Dawn/f5nm7fbz">Polaris Dawn</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>Sep 15, 2024</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Uncrewed spacecraft</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Spacecraft</th><th>Agency</th><th>Landing date</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Recovery ship</th><th>Miss distance</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/PGM-19_Jupiter/KD3QYXY0">Jupiter AM-18</a>(Able and Baker)</td><td><a href="/facts/United_States_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">USAF</a></td><td>May 28, 1959</td><td>48 to 96 km (30 to 60 mi) N Antigua Island</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Kiowa_(AT-72)/jn5lMzal">USS <i>Kiowa</i></a></td><td>16 km (9.9 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Big_Joe_1/s4aEEzfr">Mercury-Big Joe</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NASA/TIMCV0yV">NASA</a></td><td>September 9, 1959</td><td>2,407 km (1,496 mi) SE Cape Canaveral</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Strong_(DD-758)/M4BHxTLA">USS <i>Strong</i></a></td><td>925 km (575 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Little_Joe_2/32RpBt0w">Mercury-Little Joe 2</a><p>Sam The <a href="/facts/Rhesus_Monkey/TkffMX9v">Rhesus Monkey</a></p></td><td>NASA</td><td>December 4, 1959</td><td>319 km (198 mi) SE Wallops Island, Virginia</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Borie_(DD-704)/KRUzVlgv">USS <i>Borie</i></a></td><td>? km<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mercury-Redstone_1A/9cQQ8FRk">Mercury-Redstone 1A</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>December 19, 1960</td><td>378.2 km (235.0 mi) SE Cape Canaveral</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Valley_Forge_(CV-45)/1K1hqsh8">USS <i>Valley Forge</i></a></td><td>12.9 km (8.0 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mercury-Redstone_2/o5IyclsH">Mercury-Redstone 2</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>January 31, 1961</td><td>675.9 km (420.0 mi) SE Cape Canaveral</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Donner/t3xsB3Gt">USS <i>Donner</i></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td>209.2 km (130.0 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mercury-Atlas_2/cjeWIIWD">Mercury-Atlas 2</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>February 21, 1961</td><td>2,293.3 km (1,425.0 mi) SE Cape Canaveral</td><td>USS <i>Donner</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td>20.9 km (13.0 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Discoverer_25/pAbre6c8">Discoverer 25</a>(Corona 9017)</td><td>USAF</td><td>June 16, 1961</td><td></td><td></td><td>mid-air recovery missed</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mercury-Atlas_4/0wSIQ2G7">Mercury-Atlas 4</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>September 13, 1961</td><td>257.5 km (160.0 mi) E of Bermuda</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Decatur_(DD-936)/eJHD6hFC">USS <i>Decatur</i></a></td><td>64.4 km (40.0 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mercury-Atlas_5/0he3UHvk">Mercury-Atlas 5</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>November 29, 1961</td><td>804.7 km (500.0 mi) SE of Bermuda</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Stormes/Vy2Tnufy">USS <i>Stormes</i></a></td><td>? km<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Gemini_2/2nMNbtT4">Gemini 2</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>January 19, 1965</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=16_33.9_N_49_46.27_W_&title=Gemini+2">16°33.9′N 49°46.27′W / 16.5650°N 49.77117°W / 16.5650; -49.77117 (Gemini 2)</a> 3,423.1 km (2,127.0 mi) downrange from KSC</td><td>USS <i>Lake Champlain</i></td><td>38.6 km (24.0 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/AS-201/ge8ERVuf">AS-201</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>February 26, 1966</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=8.18_S_11.15_W_&title=Apollo+201">8°11′S 11°09′W / 8.18°S 11.15°W / -8.18; -11.15 (Apollo 201)</a> 8,472 km (5,264 mi) downrange from KSC</td><td>USS <i>Boxer</i></td><td>? km<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/AS-202/alNMPAa0">AS-202</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>August 25, 1966</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=16.12_N_168.9_E_&title=Apollo+202">16°07′N 168°54′E / 16.12°N 168.9°E / 16.12; 168.9 (Apollo 202)</a> 804.7 km (500.0 mi) southwest of Wake Island</td><td>USS <i>Hornet</i></td><td>? km<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory/hx5gC4Ic">Gemini 2-MOL</a></td><td>USAF</td><td>November 3, 1966</td><td>8,149.7 km (5,064.0 mi) SE KSC near Ascension Island</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_La_Salle_(AGF-3)/nEomaEXX">USS <i>La Salle</i></a></td><td>11.26 km (7.00 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_4/rjACYsBP">Apollo 4</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>November 9, 1967</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=30.1_N_172.53_W_&title=Apollo+4">30°06′N 172°32′W / 30.1°N 172.53°W / 30.1; -172.53 (Apollo 4)</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Bennington_(CV-20)/3f9ba59K">USS <i>Bennington</i></a></td><td>16 km (9.9 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Apollo_6/QC3SEGxN">Apollo 6</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>April 4, 1968</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=27_40_N_157_59_W_&title=Apollo+6">27°40′N 157°59′W / 27.667°N 157.983°W / 27.667; -157.983 (Apollo 6)</a></td><td>USS <i>Okinawa</i></td><td>? km<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zond_5/vjbmz14z">Zond 5</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Soviet_space_program/Nz5vfPGg">USSR</a></td><td>September 21, 1968</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=32.63_S_65.55_E_&title=Zond+5">32°38′S 65°33′E / 32.63°S 65.55°E / -32.63; 65.55 (Zond 5)</a></td><td>USSR recovery naval vessel Borovichy and Vasiliy Golovin</td><td>105 km (65 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Zond_8/s0Ypkzoo">Zond 8</a></td><td>USSR</td><td>October 27, 1970</td><td>730 km (450 mi) SE of the <a href="/facts/Chagos_Archipelago/MBIfeVav">Chagos Archipelago</a>, Indian Ocean</td><td>USSR recovery ship Taman</td><td>24 km<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Cosmos_1374/l4lIcSha">Cosmos 1374</a></td><td>USSR</td><td>June 4, 1982</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=17_S_98_E_&title=Cosmos+1374">17°S 98°E / 17°S 98°E / -17; 98 (Cosmos 1374)</a> 560 km (350 mi) S of <a href="/facts/Cocos_Islands/NjoIHjsP">Cocos Islands</a>, Indian Ocean</td><td>USSR recovery ship</td><td>? km</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Cosmos_1445/l4lIcSha">Cosmos 1445</a></td><td>USSR</td><td>March 15, 1983</td><td>556 km (345 mi) S of Cocos Islands, Indian Ocean</td><td>USSR recovery ship</td><td>? km</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Cosmos_1517/l4lIcSha">Cosmos 1517</a></td><td>USSR</td><td>December 27, 1983</td><td>near <a href="/facts/Crimea/GkM1qNVC">Crimea</a>, <a href="/facts/Black_Sea/M0rLKvge">Black Sea</a></td><td>USSR recovery ship</td><td>? km</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Cosmos_1614/l4lIcSha">Cosmos 1614</a></td><td>USSR</td><td>December 19, 1984</td><td>? km W of the Crimea, Black Sea</td><td>USSR recovery ship</td><td>? km</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/COTS_Demo_Flight_1/V848YV0K">COTS Demo Flight 1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>December 8, 2010</td><td>800 km (500 mi) west of <a href="/facts/Baja_California/vJY3AFwn">Baja California</a>, Mexico, Pacific Ocean</td><td>?</td><td>0.8 km (0.50 mi)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Dragon_C2%252B/bYfydHud">Dragon C2+</a></td><td>SpaceX</td><td>May 31, 2012</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=26.92_N_120.7_W_&title=Dragon+C2%2B">26°55′N 120°42′W / 26.92°N 120.7°W / 26.92; -120.7 (Dragon C2+)</a></td><td>?</td><td>?<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/CRS_SpX-1/pCq4ASeU">CRS SpX-1</a></td><td>SpaceX</td><td>October 28, 2012</td><td>?</td><td><i>American Islander</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td>?<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/CRS_SpX-2/9eQsznVI">CRS SpX-2</a></td><td>SpaceX</td><td>March 27, 2013</td><td>?</td><td><i>American Islander</i></td><td>?<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Exploration_Flight_Test_1/a8JXF7n0">Exploration Flight Test 1</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>December 5, 2014</td><td><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Splashdown¶ms=23.6__N_116.4__W_&title=EFT-1">23°36′N 116°24′W / 23.6°N 116.4°W / 23.6; -116.4 (EFT-1)</a>, 443 kilometres (275 mi) west of Baja California</td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Anchorage_(LPD-23)/JRpKkgMh">USS <i>Anchorage</i></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Crew_Dragon_Demo-1/mrrJKcuw">Crew Dragon Demo-1</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>March 8, 2019</td><td>In the <a href="/facts/Gulf_of_Mexico/bGE5s57G">Gulf of Mexico</a>, off the coast of <a href="/facts/Pensacola/DchhvCbf">Pensacola</a>, Florida</td><td><a href="/facts/GO_Searcher/Tl157jqP">GO Searcher</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_CRS-21/wFkgRlvn">SpaceX CRS-21</a></td><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX/2tKHsVdJ">SpaceX</a></td><td>January 14, 2020</td><td>In the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of <a href="/facts/Tampa%2c_Florida/lnjNsRL6">Tampa</a>, Florida</td><td>GO Navigator</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Artemis_I/X1hVaBxT">Artemis I</a></td><td>NASA</td><td>December 11, 2022</td><td>Pacific Ocean, west of <a href="/facts/Baja_California/vJY3AFwn">Baja California</a></td><td><a href="/facts/USS_Portland_(LPD-27)/lqwFd7DJ">USS <i>Portland</i></a></td><td>4 <a href="/facts/Nautical_Miles/V4yJzvKw"> nm</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Starship_integrated_flight_test_4/4wmW3B9h">IFT-4</a></td><td>SpaceX</td><td>June 6, 2024</td><td>Indian Ocean</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Starship_integrated_flight_test_5/4fN6jHmd">IFT-5</a></td><td>SpaceX</td><td>October 13, 2024</td><td>Indian Ocean</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Starship_integrated_flight_test_6/A0uQI0xE">IFT-6</a></td><td>SpaceX</td><td>November 19, 2024</td><td>Indian Ocean</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Spaceflight portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Apollo_program/IC1Ek1Ao">Apollo program</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Apollo%25E2%2580%2593Soyuz_Test_Project/PzMemSeQ">Apollo–Soyuz Test Project</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Helicopter_66/hEGRBk8J">Helicopter 66</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Project_Gemini/7PYE3AV4">Project Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Project_Mercury/H8zqFzbC">Project Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Skylab/h7v9LWKE">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon_1/oduVLMWr">SpaceX Dragon 1</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SpaceX_Dragon_2/Wy8kUegK">SpaceX Dragon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Water_landing/MHgaT7rL">Water landing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Zond_program/199wjh20">Zond program</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Ezell, Linda Neumann (1988), <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19880016045_1988016045.pdf"><i>NASA Historical Data Book</i></a> (PDF), vol. II Programs and Projects 1958 - 1968 (NASA SP-4012), <a href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19880016045_1988016045.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022</li> <li>Ezell, Linda Neumann (1988), <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19880016046_1988016046.pdf"><i>NASA Historical Data Book</i></a> (PDF), vol. III - Programs and Projects 1969 - 1978 (SP-4012), <a href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19880016046_1988016046.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022</li> <li>Orloff, Richard W., <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010008244_2001006037.pdf"><i>Apollo By The Numbers - A Statistical Reference (NASA SP-2000-4029)</i></a> (PDF), p. 143, <a href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010008244_2001006037.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li> The dictionary definition of splashdown at Wiktionary</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Tous, Marcos (June 28, 2024). "The science behind splashdown—aerospace engineer explains how NASA and SpaceX get spacecraft safely back". The Conversation. Retrieved November 27, 2024. <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-science-behind-splashdown-an-aerospace-engineer-explains-how-nasa-and-spacex-get-spacecraft-safely-back-on-earth-232786" target="_blank">https://theconversation.com/the-science-behind-splashdown-an-aerospace-engineer-explains-how-nasa-and-spacex-get-spacecraft-safely-back-on-earth-232786</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Launch Services Program Launch Sites". NASA. May 14, 2009. Retrieved August 7, 2020. <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/launchingrockets/sites.html" target="_blank">https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/launchingrockets/sites.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "The Accidental Spacecraft Splashdown Which Almost Killed Its Crew" – via www.youtube.com. <a href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/m4pD1L7hedA" target="_blank">https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/m4pD1L7hedA</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Soyuz-23, Lands On A Frozen Lake". VideoCosmos. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414220743/http://www.videocosmos.com/soyuz23.shtm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120414220743/http://www.videocosmos.com/soyuz23.shtm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Bob Fish. "Apollo 11 & 12 Recovery". USS Hornet Museum's website. <a href="http://www.uss-hornet.org/history/apollo/" target="_blank">http://www.uss-hornet.org/history/apollo/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Dragon 2 was originally intended to propulsively land using its SuperDraco engines, but this was abandoned except for contingency in case of parachute failure.[6] <a href="/wiki/SuperDraco" target="_blank">/wiki/SuperDraco</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Clark, Stephen (January 12, 2021). "Cargo Dragon heads for splashdown off Florida's west coast". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved January 14, 2021. <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/01/12/cargo-dragon-heads-for-splashdown-off-floridas-west-coast/" target="_blank">https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/01/12/cargo-dragon-heads-for-splashdown-off-floridas-west-coast/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"AUDIT OF COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY SERVICES TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. <a href="https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-18-016.pdf" target="_blank">https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-18-016.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Solar System Exploration: News & Events: News Archive: NASA Announces Key Decision For Next Deep Space Transportation System". Solarsystem.nasa.gov. May 24, 2011. Archived from the original on July 3, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110703185450/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/display.cfm?News_ID=37403" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110703185450/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/display.cfm?News_ID=37403</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Jain, U.; et al. (2021). "Air entrapment and its effect on pressure impulses in the slamming of a flat disc on water". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 938 (4): A31. arXiv:2012.10137. Bibcode:2021JFM...928A..31J. doi:10.1017/jfm.2021.846. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Jain, U.; et al. (2021). "Air-cushioning effect and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability before the slamming of a disk on water". Physical Review Fluids. 6 (4): L042001. arXiv:2106.09551. Bibcode:2021PhRvF...6d2001J. doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.L042001. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Verhagen, J.H.G (1967). "The Impact of a Flat Plate on a Water Surface". Journal of Ship Research. 11 (4): 211–223. doi:10.5957/jsr.1967.11.4.211. <a href="https://archive.org/details/Verhagen1967" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/Verhagen1967</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Asryan, N.G. (1972). "Solid plate impact on surface of incompressible fluid in the presence of a gas layer between them". Izv. Akad. Nauk Arm. SSR Mekh. <a href="https://archive.org/details/Asrian1972_201803" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/Asrian1972_201803</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Carbon Dioxide (CO2) OCHMO-TB-004 Rev C" (PDF). NASA. 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