Transshipment

<h2 id="transshipment-at-container-ports-or-terminals">Transshipment at container ports or terminals</h2>

<p>The transshipment of <a href="/facts/Intermodal_container/797lTKzR">containers</a> at a container port or terminal can be defined as the number (or proportion) of containers, possibly expressed in <a href="/facts/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit/E2WU7lD5">TEU</a>, of the total container flow that is handled at the port or terminal and, after temporary storage in the stack, transferred to another ship to reach their destinations. The exact definition of transshipment may differ between ports, mostly depending on the inclusion of inland water transport (barges operating on canals and rivers to the <a href="/facts/Hinterland/X8q5It0C">hinterland</a>). The definition of transshipment may:
</p>
<ul><li>include only <a href="/facts/Seaborne_Freight/xdvhfENx">seaborne</a> transfers (a change to another international deep-sea <a href="/facts/Container_ship/IV91jDh9">container ship</a>); or</li>
<li>include both seaborne and inland waterway ship transfers (sometimes called <i>water-to-water</i> transshipment). Most coastal container ports in <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a> have a large proportion of riverside "transshipment" to the hinterland.</li></ul>
<p>In both cases, a single, unique, transshipped container is counted twice in the port performance, since it is handled twice by the waterside <a href="/facts/Container_crane/9fnvpqas">container cranes</a> (separate unloading from arriving ship A, waiting in the stack, and loading onto departing ship B).
</p>
<h2 id="transshipment-at-sea">Transshipment at sea</h2>
<p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Transshipment_at_sea/sXf3rQCS">Transshipment at sea</a></p>
<p>Transshipment at sea is done by transferring goods from one ship to another. 
</p>
<h3>Fisheries</h3>
<p>In global fisheries transshipment is used to transfer catch to refrigerated cargo vessels that also supply fishing vessels with fuel, food, equipment and personnel allowing them to stay at sea for months or even years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> This guarantees that fish quickly find their way to the market without a decrease in quality.
</p><p>Since transshipment at sea encounters often happen on the high seas, in regions with poor regulation and oversight, they are also used to disguise criminal activities such as <a href="/facts/Illegal%2c_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing/FhpMlqJN">illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a>, <a href="/facts/Unfree_labour/rXsxuDq5">forced labor</a>, <a href="/facts/Human_trafficking/07sKSjt4">human trafficking</a> and <a href="/facts/Illegal_drug_trade/eaTugrky">drug smuggling</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> Several states and <a href="/facts/Regional_fisheries_management_organisation/tB0ldItv">regional fishery management organizations</a> have therefore prohibited the practice for certain vessel types or issued a complete ban within their zone of jurisdiction.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
</p>
<h3>Bulk products</h3>
<p>Transshipment at sea also occurs in the export of bulk products. Choosing to transship reduces capital costs for port developers and can overcome problems arising from limited access to deep water. Loading barges typically specify 4 to 7 meters of draft. Since at least 2011, transshipment has been used in northern Australia in the export of bulk minerals including <a href="/facts/Bauxite/CJ10QPc6">bauxite</a>, <a href="/facts/Iron_ore/rQMEvgMh">iron ore</a> and <a href="/facts/Potash/4e2vBL9L">potash</a> from mines in <a href="/facts/Queensland/lXBlIeY3">Queensland</a>, <a href="/facts/Western_Australia/1ouCbwNh">Western Australia</a> and the <a href="/facts/Northern_Territory/5BFWuuyv">Northern Territory</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="transshipment-at-a-break-of-gauge">Transshipment at a break-of-gauge</h2>
<p>At a <a href="/facts/Break-of-gauge/a7SGdIwQ">break-of-gauge</a>, cargo is transloaded from <a href="/facts/Boxcar/op83mC34">boxcars</a> or <a href="/facts/Covered_goods_wagon/BL2nzndK">covered goods wagons</a> on one track to wagons on another track of a different <a href="/facts/Rail_gauge/aQIXUugv">rail gauge</a>, or else <a href="/facts/Intermodal_container/797lTKzR">containers</a> are transloaded from <a href="/facts/Flatcar/ywHfrtda">flatcars</a> on one track to flatcars on another track of a different gauge.
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Cross-docking/aWuYngPF">Cross-docking</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Customs_area/ngScQKAz">Customs area</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/facts/Entrep%25C3%25B4t/jcV4JwfM">Entrepôt</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_free_ports/JD3a7exe">List of free ports</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Milk_run/30RS1hCr">Milk run</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Transshipment_problem/aoeTwsEW">Transshipment problem</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<ul><li>E. Rojas. "MCS Observers on board at-sea Transshipment Vessels." In: <i>APO Mail Buoy</i> Vol. 10 (3). pp. 8–9. 2007.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Ewell, Christopher; Cullis-Suzuki, Sarika; Ediger, Mikaela; Hocevar, John; Miller, Dana; Jacquet, Jennifer (2017). "Potential ecological and social benefits of a moratorium on transshipment on the high seas". Marine Policy. 81: 293. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpol.2017.04.004" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.marpol.2017.04.004</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Miller, Nathan A.; Roan, Aaron; Hochberg, Timothy; Amos, John; Kroodsma, David A. (2018-07-23). "Identifying Global Patterns of Transshipment Behavior". Frontiers in Marine Science. 5: 1. doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00240. ISSN 2296-7745. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffmars.2018.00240" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffmars.2018.00240</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2016) Global Study on Transshipment: Regulations, practices, monitoring and control. 11, 15. Retrieved 29 May 2019. <a href="http://www.fao.org/3/CA0464EN/ca0464en.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.fao.org/3/CA0464EN/ca0464en.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>"Transhipment Services Australia". TSA. Retrieved 2020-12-09. <a href="https://www.transhipmentservices.com.au/projects/" target="_blank">https://www.transhipmentservices.com.au/projects/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Transshipment open-in-new

Transshipment